假如你要来一趟自助旅行,在出发之前,你一定会拟定一份行程表。
根据这份行程表,你知道你以何种交通工具,在什么日期,到达什么目标,要看到什么样的风景。
没有行程表,不叫旅行,叫流浪。
流浪没有时间表,没有路线图,没有终极目的地,也不肯定要看到的是怎样的风景。
流浪只是根据感觉,随着兴之所至,临时决定行程,够潇洒,够自由。
问题是你永远在路上,没有终站,也无法在疲惫的时刻,歇一歇脚。
我觉得,股票投资就好像旅行,大部份投资者都没有行程表,也没有为自己设定终极目标。
他只知道不断的投机,不知道最后要达到怎样的境界。
所以,他们与其说是去旅行,毋宁说是去流浪。
而在股市中,流浪汉肯定比自助旅人多百倍。
股市中的流浪汉,往往是闭着眼睛,摸索着前进,难怪那么多人掉进山坑里,粉身碎骨。
股票投资要成功,必须是一趟策划周全的自助式旅行,而不是流浪。
作为人生理财计划的一部份,而且是很重要的部份,股票投资必须一开始就设定终极目标。就是在你退休时,达到财务自主。
正如我在“渡晚年有尊严”(2007年11月12日“分享集”)一文中所提出的“财务自主的定义是在你退休后,仍能保持最后一个月薪金的收入,并且有能力每年给自己‘加薪’,以抵消通货膨胀的侵蚀,保持你的生活素质”。
有财务自主的退休生活,才是有尊严的生活。
我有一个商界朋友,花了数十年的时间,建立了一个拥有十间药剂店的连锁集团。
现在他功成身退,把生意交给儿女经营,自己周游列国,悠哉闲哉地过着高素质的晚年生活。
他知道,人总会生病,生病一定要吃药,药的需求永远存在,他的生意可以永续经营。
他知道他晚年收入稳定,下一代生活有保障——这正是他一生奋斗的目标。
作为股票投资者,你的奋斗目标是什么?
很不幸的,绝大部份的投资者只是不断的流浪,不知道最终要的是什么。
也从来没有想过,最终达到什么目的,因为流浪的人没有目的地。
他永远是在路上。
其实,我的商界朋友所做到的,大部份有决心,又有目标的打工仔都可以做到。
只是所用的交通工具不同,所能达到的成功程度不同而已。
你买上市公司的股票,跟我的朋友拥有的连锁店的股份,基本上没有什么分别。
惟一不同点,是他亲力亲为,管理他的生意,而你却把生意交给大股东及专业人士去管理,作为“蚊型”小股东,你不能过问公司日常业务。
你在参股时,有没有想过:你的公司的生意会不会越做越火红,红利越分越多?能永续经营吗?
有没有想过,你退休后,你的公司会不会继续分发红利,使你退休后有稳定的收入,达到财务自主?
有没有想过,假如你退休时,你拥有股份的公司,半生不死,无法分红利(股息)给你,而股份也天天贬值。作为此类公司的股东,你要在退休时达到财务自主的梦想,肯定是泡汤了,而你恐怕还要拖着疲惫的“老”身,为五斗米而折腰,哀哉!
其实,只要你脚踏实地投资,发誓只买五星级股票,对投机深恶痛绝,你要达到财务自主,虽然不是轻而易举,却是绝对做得到。
你同时拥有一、二十家不同行业公司的股份,比拥有一个行业一家公司的股份,更加安全。
先决条件是,这一、二十家公司,必须是经过风暴洗礼的优秀企业。
如果你所拥有的是一批垃圾股,你必然晚景凄凉。
建立一个长期派发稳定股息的投资组合,应该成为所有投资者的终极目标。
一开始就设定这个终极目标,只买五星级股票,绝不妥协。
买进之前,问一问:此股在我退休后,仍能派发稳定的股息给我吗?
如果是“不能”,就不买。
我的商界朋友,留给他的下一代一盘好生意的股份。
你留给下一代的,是不是一些优秀公司的股份(股票)?
How we spend our days is, of course, how we spend our lives. 自强不息 勤以静心,俭以养德 天地不仁, 強者生存
Monday, August 4, 2008
Sunday, August 3, 2008
什么是机会
什么是机会?
在我们这个没有沽空机制的证券市场里,眼下的悲观主义者/空头眼里只有牢骚和老鼠仓.只有套牢与做牢.他们是没有通过投资而赚钱的机会的.
对总吃不准奥远究竟有没有行情的短线投机客,七月一整月的欲拒还迎,欲涨还跌给他们提供的是惧怕被套的机会.
"聪明人"等行情确认才会出手,在这些人眼中,现在没有机会,更没有大机会.
相信博友即将明白"一笔好投资永远看起来平淡且无奇,一个好机会永远不会稍纵即逝."是指什么意思.
机会不是秘密,机会是眼前地上的一百元大钞,只是多数极其聪明者有"地上不可能有一百元真钱的悖论"情结.
机会只为"傻瓜"或智者而存在,机会永远在这一小撮人眼前与手中.等机会过去后"聪明人"才发现,机会曾经静静地在地上躺了一个多月.但等他们发现以前的是机会时,机会已经从指缝中溜过.
在我们这个没有沽空机制的证券市场里,眼下的悲观主义者/空头眼里只有牢骚和老鼠仓.只有套牢与做牢.他们是没有通过投资而赚钱的机会的.
对总吃不准奥远究竟有没有行情的短线投机客,七月一整月的欲拒还迎,欲涨还跌给他们提供的是惧怕被套的机会.
"聪明人"等行情确认才会出手,在这些人眼中,现在没有机会,更没有大机会.
相信博友即将明白"一笔好投资永远看起来平淡且无奇,一个好机会永远不会稍纵即逝."是指什么意思.
机会不是秘密,机会是眼前地上的一百元大钞,只是多数极其聪明者有"地上不可能有一百元真钱的悖论"情结.
机会只为"傻瓜"或智者而存在,机会永远在这一小撮人眼前与手中.等机会过去后"聪明人"才发现,机会曾经静静地在地上躺了一个多月.但等他们发现以前的是机会时,机会已经从指缝中溜过.
李驰:平静迎接奥运行情
李驰,深圳同成资产管理有限公司董事总经理,3年累计收益率超过10倍。由于奉行“长期持有,集中投资,基于估值进行高买高卖。”被外界视为“最接近巴菲特投资理念”的中国私募基金经理。
2007年八月,李驰清仓其所持有的所有A股股票,随后指数一路走高,到十月上证指数攀到本轮新高6124.04点,随后大盘一路低下,并于今年7月创下本轮2566.53点的,离高点跌去一半有多。
去年李驰在上证指数达到顶峰一千点前离场,今年六月,李驰明确表示自己已于2700点开始建仓了。
是什么让李驰重新回到A股市场?如何看待牛市和熊市?如果说A股市场进入熊市,那么当前是哪个阶段?此时又该持有何种操作理念?8月,宏观政策转向对股市影响几何?如何看待被视为“洪水猛兽”的大小非解禁高潮的再次到来?此时能否“用4毛钱买到价值1块钱”的股票?
李驰先生简介
在创办同威资产之前,李先生担任香港怡东国际财务投资有限公司总经理,历时五年;另先后任职于招商局蛇口工业区、中租公司深圳分公司、宝安集团。李先生在内地证券市场有十五年的投资经验,在香港金融市场有十一年的投资经验。
李先生出版了书籍《白话投资》,并被《私募英雄》一书评为“中国最顶尖的七位投资高手”之一,被《证券市场周刊》誉为在中国“复制巴菲特”最成功的三位投资人之一。
2007年八月,李驰清仓其所持有的所有A股股票,随后指数一路走高,到十月上证指数攀到本轮新高6124.04点,随后大盘一路低下,并于今年7月创下本轮2566.53点的,离高点跌去一半有多。
去年李驰在上证指数达到顶峰一千点前离场,今年六月,李驰明确表示自己已于2700点开始建仓了。
是什么让李驰重新回到A股市场?如何看待牛市和熊市?如果说A股市场进入熊市,那么当前是哪个阶段?此时又该持有何种操作理念?8月,宏观政策转向对股市影响几何?如何看待被视为“洪水猛兽”的大小非解禁高潮的再次到来?此时能否“用4毛钱买到价值1块钱”的股票?
李驰先生简介
在创办同威资产之前,李先生担任香港怡东国际财务投资有限公司总经理,历时五年;另先后任职于招商局蛇口工业区、中租公司深圳分公司、宝安集团。李先生在内地证券市场有十五年的投资经验,在香港金融市场有十一年的投资经验。
李先生出版了书籍《白话投资》,并被《私募英雄》一书评为“中国最顶尖的七位投资高手”之一,被《证券市场周刊》誉为在中国“复制巴菲特”最成功的三位投资人之一。
Saturday, August 2, 2008
赚钱效应
以低市盈率买入潜力股票,待成长潜力显现厚,以高市盈率卖出,这样可以尽享EPS和PE同时增长的倍乘效益。双杀并非独创,事实上很多投资家都有类似策略,但是却神乎其技,凭此名满天下。双杀和巴老“永恒价值”相比,显然世俗化了很多,但是对于新兴市场的投资者,或许双杀更实用一些。双杀把买入价格放在企业质量之前,强调低市盈率,其实暗含了很多安全边际的保护。对PE提高的期待使得不会轻易陷入“雪茄烟蒂”的陷阱。卖出策略提醒投资毕竟不是婚姻,再长的持股期也只是手段而不是目的,最终还是要离场。
坚持的操作很简单,以10PE买入每年增长10-15%的公司,五年后市场会给这公司更高的预期,便会以13甚至15PE买入,此时卖出,其获利率是相当客观的。相反,很多人以30PE买入期望每年增长30%以上的所谓成长股,六年后的获利率只有前者的一半不到。因为在成熟的经济体,期望一个公司每年保持30%以上的净利润增长率,以摊薄其PE水平的难度是很大的。
坚持的操作很简单,以10PE买入每年增长10-15%的公司,五年后市场会给这公司更高的预期,便会以13甚至15PE买入,此时卖出,其获利率是相当客观的。相反,很多人以30PE买入期望每年增长30%以上的所谓成长股,六年后的获利率只有前者的一半不到。因为在成熟的经济体,期望一个公司每年保持30%以上的净利润增长率,以摊薄其PE水平的难度是很大的。
采用什么样的战略战胜市场
市场究竟怎么看?目前的战略定位到底是什么?每个人都不能超脱于这些问题之外,市场的波动迫使我们急速的思考,如果坐过山车的时候你还在那里思考,你会发现,无论是在高峰即将向下冲、还是在低谷正在往上窜,你思考的结果都只有一样——恐惧。
过后你才发现,当时根本就不是在思考,情急之下恨不得跳车并不是战略判断。
我欣赏大视野下从容制定战略的人。
这几天,和几位朋友谈到他们各自对市场的认识以及下一步的规划,受益很大,这也使我想一想自己的问题。虽然大家都推崇价值投资,但并不是每个人的策略都是千篇一律,而是从自身的特点出发来制定。大家相互借鉴,但绝不能盲目模仿。
我要采取什么战略源于我究竟能做什么。
将2001年开始的大熊市进行一下分析,当时的几种战略思想都取得什么效果?
前提条件:买入好公司的股票。
战略一:在2200点左右高位顺利出货,在四年后1000点的低位入货。
战略二:在2200点左右高位顺利出货,在半年、一年、两后不断抄底,不断止损。
战略三:在2200点顺利出货,再也没在2200点之内检回来,甚至从此不做了。
战略四:2200点左右没跑,一直就在市场呆着,等到了四年后更大的牛市。
战略五:2200点左右没跑,在1500点及更低的价位开始出货,在破1000点时出干净。
我认为,第一种战略是最优决策。既规避了大跌的风险,又买到了便宜货,财富不断增长。这是一种市场很罕见的天才类型,我有几个朋友实现了这样的完美转身。我渴望,但我做不到。
第二种战略属于先知先觉,早知道牛市快要完结,但也过早预料熊市快要完结。于是不断试错,不断校正,本金损失很大。
第三种战略属于对了一次失掉一生的。
第五种战略属于后知后觉,这样的结果更是可怕。
自己到底是什么样的类型?
我既没有天才的市场判断能力,也不能先知先觉,且有后知后觉的倾向。
以我的经历,让我预测市场,上帝都发笑。我的错误都是在我开始判断市场发生的,我的情绪都是在我开始变得聪明失控的。
这就是我的弱点。
那就别判断。认了!
就我这种智商,如果一条道走到黑,死猪不怕开水烫,采取第四种战略,如果确实抓住了好公司,至少不是最差的结果。不管1973年买到了漂亮50,还是2001年买了万科、张裕、烟台万华、茅台,长期持有不会很差。
我没有天赋得到最好的结局,我至少有能力规避得到最差的结果。战略取中,我当心满意足,比赛并没有完结。我一生中要找到可以复制的简单而稳健的操作习惯,借助复利,也可以越飞越高。
我的朋友告诉我,你富一次就可以了,不必要变着花样更富。深圳明媚的阳光下,我曾玩味很久。
当我手戴两只甚至三只手表时,我不知道时间。当我的决策有两个以上的变量时,上帝给我正确的概率是从25%往下开始。知道哪只表准,盯住这一只成功的概率是80%!
如果你能看清楚上市公司,就认准这一条吧.
五年的感受,点点滴滴积累着深刻,难道伟大的企业是你用数字算出来的么?那是一种自信、一种气势、一种视野、一种胸怀。不畏市场波折,不畏对手围剿,
不畏舆论非议,坚持按自己的战略来走,我们看到的前景越来越清晰,蓦然回首,才发现刚过襁褓期,一个巨头真正的成长期才刚刚开始,面对的是尚待整合的中国巨大的零售市场。以前并不属于他,因为不敢想,还不知道能不能活下来,现在,做中国的沃尔玛开始有那么一点谱了,虽然我还是不太放心。
五年前的时候,我半信半疑地听着张董规划着他的梦想。当时国美一强独大;永乐布局全国;大中雄霸京城;三联运筹帷幄;五星农村包围城市;顺电、工贸、灿坤、易好家、雅泰、东泽、黑天鹅豪强割据;协亨、迪信通、中富电讯手机市场做大;宏图三胞、电脑城墙高壕深;百货、超市伺机反扑;家电企业口诛笔伐甚至自创渠道;而世界第一的百思买即将大举登陆,实在是很担心,这真是一个虎口拔牙的行业!
优秀企业的战略总是超越于当时的认识。五年来,我看到了苏宁战略的一步步演进,正确被不断地验证,成果被不断的创造,确定性在不断的提高。张董对中国家电零售业的预想大都应验了。这并不是他神,而是基于对行业的深入了解和科学的展望。其实,一个行业里最权威的专家永远是这个行业巨头的掌舵者。我看到了中国零售业最专业、最团结的一支队伍。他们的敌人既不是国美,更不是百思买,也不是淘宝,而是他们自己。
五年来,我们看着苏宁成为中国零售业最响亮的品牌,苏宁的股票成为资本市场上的传奇,也看着张董成为中国的首富和全国工商联的副主席。但张董的为人和品格没有丝毫的变化。中午时分,在拒绝了孟总的再三请示后,还是推掉与国外家电巨头的午宴,按照往年的惯例,与几十名大大小小的投资者及家属、分析员、旁听者一起吃午饭,他称为“家宴”。给每个人都敬酒,不断地将企业的价值观和经营理念与大家分享。这是一个可以很低的人,但唯如此,才可以更高。
坚持并不是无望的守候,而是对结果的创造。你在坚持中掌握了规律提升了你的水准,一次小的成功刺激了更大的成功。
如果你曾经坚持过,如果你曾经成功过,那么就按照自己擅长的来。
暖暖的迎春花在车窗外闪过,卸下决策的重负,我却为能否赶上回程的飞机而担忧。人就是这样,总被忧虑所笼罩不得闲,那么,就不要将忧虑当作思考。一鸟在手胜过十鸟在林。了解自己、了解企业,我还要知道再多的东西了吗?我还要为那些一辈子也弄不明白的事情忧虑吗?
市场即空。
过后你才发现,当时根本就不是在思考,情急之下恨不得跳车并不是战略判断。
我欣赏大视野下从容制定战略的人。
这几天,和几位朋友谈到他们各自对市场的认识以及下一步的规划,受益很大,这也使我想一想自己的问题。虽然大家都推崇价值投资,但并不是每个人的策略都是千篇一律,而是从自身的特点出发来制定。大家相互借鉴,但绝不能盲目模仿。
我要采取什么战略源于我究竟能做什么。
将2001年开始的大熊市进行一下分析,当时的几种战略思想都取得什么效果?
前提条件:买入好公司的股票。
战略一:在2200点左右高位顺利出货,在四年后1000点的低位入货。
战略二:在2200点左右高位顺利出货,在半年、一年、两后不断抄底,不断止损。
战略三:在2200点顺利出货,再也没在2200点之内检回来,甚至从此不做了。
战略四:2200点左右没跑,一直就在市场呆着,等到了四年后更大的牛市。
战略五:2200点左右没跑,在1500点及更低的价位开始出货,在破1000点时出干净。
我认为,第一种战略是最优决策。既规避了大跌的风险,又买到了便宜货,财富不断增长。这是一种市场很罕见的天才类型,我有几个朋友实现了这样的完美转身。我渴望,但我做不到。
第二种战略属于先知先觉,早知道牛市快要完结,但也过早预料熊市快要完结。于是不断试错,不断校正,本金损失很大。
第三种战略属于对了一次失掉一生的。
第五种战略属于后知后觉,这样的结果更是可怕。
自己到底是什么样的类型?
我既没有天才的市场判断能力,也不能先知先觉,且有后知后觉的倾向。
以我的经历,让我预测市场,上帝都发笑。我的错误都是在我开始判断市场发生的,我的情绪都是在我开始变得聪明失控的。
这就是我的弱点。
那就别判断。认了!
就我这种智商,如果一条道走到黑,死猪不怕开水烫,采取第四种战略,如果确实抓住了好公司,至少不是最差的结果。不管1973年买到了漂亮50,还是2001年买了万科、张裕、烟台万华、茅台,长期持有不会很差。
我没有天赋得到最好的结局,我至少有能力规避得到最差的结果。战略取中,我当心满意足,比赛并没有完结。我一生中要找到可以复制的简单而稳健的操作习惯,借助复利,也可以越飞越高。
我的朋友告诉我,你富一次就可以了,不必要变着花样更富。深圳明媚的阳光下,我曾玩味很久。
当我手戴两只甚至三只手表时,我不知道时间。当我的决策有两个以上的变量时,上帝给我正确的概率是从25%往下开始。知道哪只表准,盯住这一只成功的概率是80%!
如果你能看清楚上市公司,就认准这一条吧.
五年的感受,点点滴滴积累着深刻,难道伟大的企业是你用数字算出来的么?那是一种自信、一种气势、一种视野、一种胸怀。不畏市场波折,不畏对手围剿,
不畏舆论非议,坚持按自己的战略来走,我们看到的前景越来越清晰,蓦然回首,才发现刚过襁褓期,一个巨头真正的成长期才刚刚开始,面对的是尚待整合的中国巨大的零售市场。以前并不属于他,因为不敢想,还不知道能不能活下来,现在,做中国的沃尔玛开始有那么一点谱了,虽然我还是不太放心。
五年前的时候,我半信半疑地听着张董规划着他的梦想。当时国美一强独大;永乐布局全国;大中雄霸京城;三联运筹帷幄;五星农村包围城市;顺电、工贸、灿坤、易好家、雅泰、东泽、黑天鹅豪强割据;协亨、迪信通、中富电讯手机市场做大;宏图三胞、电脑城墙高壕深;百货、超市伺机反扑;家电企业口诛笔伐甚至自创渠道;而世界第一的百思买即将大举登陆,实在是很担心,这真是一个虎口拔牙的行业!
优秀企业的战略总是超越于当时的认识。五年来,我看到了苏宁战略的一步步演进,正确被不断地验证,成果被不断的创造,确定性在不断的提高。张董对中国家电零售业的预想大都应验了。这并不是他神,而是基于对行业的深入了解和科学的展望。其实,一个行业里最权威的专家永远是这个行业巨头的掌舵者。我看到了中国零售业最专业、最团结的一支队伍。他们的敌人既不是国美,更不是百思买,也不是淘宝,而是他们自己。
五年来,我们看着苏宁成为中国零售业最响亮的品牌,苏宁的股票成为资本市场上的传奇,也看着张董成为中国的首富和全国工商联的副主席。但张董的为人和品格没有丝毫的变化。中午时分,在拒绝了孟总的再三请示后,还是推掉与国外家电巨头的午宴,按照往年的惯例,与几十名大大小小的投资者及家属、分析员、旁听者一起吃午饭,他称为“家宴”。给每个人都敬酒,不断地将企业的价值观和经营理念与大家分享。这是一个可以很低的人,但唯如此,才可以更高。
坚持并不是无望的守候,而是对结果的创造。你在坚持中掌握了规律提升了你的水准,一次小的成功刺激了更大的成功。
如果你曾经坚持过,如果你曾经成功过,那么就按照自己擅长的来。
暖暖的迎春花在车窗外闪过,卸下决策的重负,我却为能否赶上回程的飞机而担忧。人就是这样,总被忧虑所笼罩不得闲,那么,就不要将忧虑当作思考。一鸟在手胜过十鸟在林。了解自己、了解企业,我还要知道再多的东西了吗?我还要为那些一辈子也弄不明白的事情忧虑吗?
市场即空。
私募教父:李驰
用哲学的眼光看股市
如果股市与哲学结合起来会不会奇怪呢?李驰就另辟蹊径的用哲学的眼光看股市。他在博客中这样写到:“万事万物均有个度,均不能过,不能过度,就如沪深股指,涨过了必跌,跌过了必涨,何必担心它涨过头跌过度.也又何必担心它油价涨上去再也不跌,沪深指数跌下去再也不涨!”是不是觉得听他这么一说觉得他像一位哲学家呢?另外他还说看待任何事情要一分为二,用平静的心态看待一切。他说:“任何现在渲染利空的人,都应该多去看看事物的背面,学习懂得每个硬币都有不同图案正反两面的简单道理.现在值得恐惧的不是中国的股市,而是那些不客观的内心世界对外界过了度的悲观情结”
在别人贪婪时你恐惧,在别人恐惧时你贪婪
很多人潇洒不起来,是因为优柔寡断,该走的时候不舍得走,该留的时候不敢留。而李驰是在去年八月份空仓,今年六月份建仓的。当初做离开的决断时是否艰难?决定回来时是否轻而易举下了决心?李驰认为市场估值永远像钟摆,这一边、那一边,左边一右边,低到高,高到低,不可能永远高也不可能永远低。他说:“去年很多人舍不得走,今年又不敢进,悲观地认定地狱还有十八层,而我是没到地狱时就开始买进了。其实道理很简单,就是巴菲特那句话,在别人贪婪时你恐惧,在别人恐惧时你贪婪。但说起来容易做起来难。”
李驰:我完全可能超越巴菲特
最近半年的A股股灾中,李驰上演了成功的胜利大逃亡,即便是他私募的同门兄弟里,大概也只有赵丹阳可相仿佛了。这是不是表明巴菲特的价值投资哲学已经在他们二位身上成熟?而多数中国投资者,还没有摸透巴菲特精髓,他们该怎么学?李驰说他可以超越巴菲特。他说:“巴菲特的每一次行动当时看似乎都很蠢,买了就套(甚至还套得很深),卖了就涨(甚至还踏空不少),看来他也不咋地,我完全可能超越他。”“巴菲特管理的钱特别多,所以必须早买早卖,提早下手;我钱少,所以我完全可能比他做得更好,卖得比他高,买得比他便宜。”
如果股市与哲学结合起来会不会奇怪呢?李驰就另辟蹊径的用哲学的眼光看股市。他在博客中这样写到:“万事万物均有个度,均不能过,不能过度,就如沪深股指,涨过了必跌,跌过了必涨,何必担心它涨过头跌过度.也又何必担心它油价涨上去再也不跌,沪深指数跌下去再也不涨!”是不是觉得听他这么一说觉得他像一位哲学家呢?另外他还说看待任何事情要一分为二,用平静的心态看待一切。他说:“任何现在渲染利空的人,都应该多去看看事物的背面,学习懂得每个硬币都有不同图案正反两面的简单道理.现在值得恐惧的不是中国的股市,而是那些不客观的内心世界对外界过了度的悲观情结”
在别人贪婪时你恐惧,在别人恐惧时你贪婪
很多人潇洒不起来,是因为优柔寡断,该走的时候不舍得走,该留的时候不敢留。而李驰是在去年八月份空仓,今年六月份建仓的。当初做离开的决断时是否艰难?决定回来时是否轻而易举下了决心?李驰认为市场估值永远像钟摆,这一边、那一边,左边一右边,低到高,高到低,不可能永远高也不可能永远低。他说:“去年很多人舍不得走,今年又不敢进,悲观地认定地狱还有十八层,而我是没到地狱时就开始买进了。其实道理很简单,就是巴菲特那句话,在别人贪婪时你恐惧,在别人恐惧时你贪婪。但说起来容易做起来难。”
李驰:我完全可能超越巴菲特
最近半年的A股股灾中,李驰上演了成功的胜利大逃亡,即便是他私募的同门兄弟里,大概也只有赵丹阳可相仿佛了。这是不是表明巴菲特的价值投资哲学已经在他们二位身上成熟?而多数中国投资者,还没有摸透巴菲特精髓,他们该怎么学?李驰说他可以超越巴菲特。他说:“巴菲特的每一次行动当时看似乎都很蠢,买了就套(甚至还套得很深),卖了就涨(甚至还踏空不少),看来他也不咋地,我完全可能超越他。”“巴菲特管理的钱特别多,所以必须早买早卖,提早下手;我钱少,所以我完全可能比他做得更好,卖得比他高,买得比他便宜。”
Tuesday, July 29, 2008
Paul Krugman: Another temporary fix
So the big housing bill has passed in the U.S. Congress. That's good news: Fannie and Freddie had to be rescued, and the bill's other main provision - a special loan program to head off foreclosures - will help some hard-pressed families. It's much better to have this bill than not.
But I hope nobody thinks that Congress has done all, or even a large fraction, of what needs to be done.
This bill is the latest in a series of temporary fixes to the financial system - attempts to hold the thing together with bungee cords and masking tape - that have, at least so far, succeeded in staving off complete collapse. But those fixes have done nothing to resolve the system's underlying flaws. In fact, they set the stage for even bigger future disasters - unless they're followed up with fundamental reforms.
Before I get to that, let's be clear about one thing: Even if this bill succeeds in its aims, heading off a severe credit contraction and helping some homeowners avoid foreclosure, it won't change the fact that this decade's double bubble, in housing prices and loose lending, has been a disaster for millions of Americans.
Today in Opinion
A fresh start with PakistanAmerica's gas price folliesRewriting the rules of American justice
After all, the new bill will, at best, make a modest dent in the rate of foreclosures. And it does nothing at all for those who aren't in danger of losing their houses but are seeing much if not all of their net worth wiped out - a particularly bitter blow to Americans who are nearing retirement, or thought they were until they discovered that they couldn't afford to stop working.
It's too late to avoid that pain. But we can try to ensure that we don't face more and bigger crises in the future.
The back story to the current crisis is the way traditional banks - banks with federally insured deposits, which are limited in the risks they're allowed to take and the amount of leverage they can take on - have been pushed aside by unregulated financial players.
We were assured by the likes of Alan Greenspan that this was no problem: The market would enforce disciplined risk-taking, and anyway, taxpayer funds weren't on the line.
And then reality struck.
Far from being disciplined in their risk-taking, lenders went wild.
Concerns about the ability of borrowers to repay were waved aside; so were questions about whether soaring house prices made sense.
Lenders ignored the warning signs because they were part of a system built around the principle of heads I win, tails someone else loses. Mortgage originators didn't worry about the solvency of borrowers, because they quickly sold off the loans they made, generally to investors who had no idea what they were buying.
Throughout the financial industry, executives received huge bonuses when they seemed to be earning big profits, but didn't have to give the money back when those profits turned into even bigger losses.
And as for that business about taxpayers' money not being at risk? Never mind. Over the past year the Federal Reserve and the U.S. Treasury have put hundreds of billions of taxpayer dollars on the line, propping up financial institutions deemed too big or too strategic to fail. (I'm not blaming them - I don't think they had any alternative.)
Meanwhile, those traditional, regulated banks played a minor role in the lending frenzy, except to the extent that they had unregulated, "off balance sheet" subsidiaries. The case of IndyMac - which failed because it specialized in risky Alt-A loans while regulators looked the other way - is the exception that proves the rule.
The moral of this story seems clear - and it's what Barney Frank, the chairman of the House Financial Services Committee, has been saying for some time: Financial regulation needs to be extended to cover a much wider range of institutions.
Basically, the financial framework created in the 1930s, which brought generations of relative stability, needs to be updated to 21st-century conditions.
The desperate rescue efforts of the past year make expanded regulation even more urgent. If the government is going to stand behind financial institutions, those institutions had better be carefully regulated - because otherwise the game of heads I win, tails you lose will be played more furiously than ever, at taxpayers' expense.
Of course, proponents of expanded regulation, no matter how compelling their arguments, will have to contend with very well-financed opposition from the financial industry. And as Upton Sinclair pointed out, it's hard to get a man to understand something when his salary - or, we might add, his campaign war chest - depends on his not understanding it.
But let's hope that the sheer scale of this financial crisis has concentrated enough minds to make reform possible. Otherwise, the next crisis will be even bigger.
But I hope nobody thinks that Congress has done all, or even a large fraction, of what needs to be done.
This bill is the latest in a series of temporary fixes to the financial system - attempts to hold the thing together with bungee cords and masking tape - that have, at least so far, succeeded in staving off complete collapse. But those fixes have done nothing to resolve the system's underlying flaws. In fact, they set the stage for even bigger future disasters - unless they're followed up with fundamental reforms.
Before I get to that, let's be clear about one thing: Even if this bill succeeds in its aims, heading off a severe credit contraction and helping some homeowners avoid foreclosure, it won't change the fact that this decade's double bubble, in housing prices and loose lending, has been a disaster for millions of Americans.
Today in Opinion
A fresh start with PakistanAmerica's gas price folliesRewriting the rules of American justice
After all, the new bill will, at best, make a modest dent in the rate of foreclosures. And it does nothing at all for those who aren't in danger of losing their houses but are seeing much if not all of their net worth wiped out - a particularly bitter blow to Americans who are nearing retirement, or thought they were until they discovered that they couldn't afford to stop working.
It's too late to avoid that pain. But we can try to ensure that we don't face more and bigger crises in the future.
The back story to the current crisis is the way traditional banks - banks with federally insured deposits, which are limited in the risks they're allowed to take and the amount of leverage they can take on - have been pushed aside by unregulated financial players.
We were assured by the likes of Alan Greenspan that this was no problem: The market would enforce disciplined risk-taking, and anyway, taxpayer funds weren't on the line.
And then reality struck.
Far from being disciplined in their risk-taking, lenders went wild.
Concerns about the ability of borrowers to repay were waved aside; so were questions about whether soaring house prices made sense.
Lenders ignored the warning signs because they were part of a system built around the principle of heads I win, tails someone else loses. Mortgage originators didn't worry about the solvency of borrowers, because they quickly sold off the loans they made, generally to investors who had no idea what they were buying.
Throughout the financial industry, executives received huge bonuses when they seemed to be earning big profits, but didn't have to give the money back when those profits turned into even bigger losses.
And as for that business about taxpayers' money not being at risk? Never mind. Over the past year the Federal Reserve and the U.S. Treasury have put hundreds of billions of taxpayer dollars on the line, propping up financial institutions deemed too big or too strategic to fail. (I'm not blaming them - I don't think they had any alternative.)
Meanwhile, those traditional, regulated banks played a minor role in the lending frenzy, except to the extent that they had unregulated, "off balance sheet" subsidiaries. The case of IndyMac - which failed because it specialized in risky Alt-A loans while regulators looked the other way - is the exception that proves the rule.
The moral of this story seems clear - and it's what Barney Frank, the chairman of the House Financial Services Committee, has been saying for some time: Financial regulation needs to be extended to cover a much wider range of institutions.
Basically, the financial framework created in the 1930s, which brought generations of relative stability, needs to be updated to 21st-century conditions.
The desperate rescue efforts of the past year make expanded regulation even more urgent. If the government is going to stand behind financial institutions, those institutions had better be carefully regulated - because otherwise the game of heads I win, tails you lose will be played more furiously than ever, at taxpayers' expense.
Of course, proponents of expanded regulation, no matter how compelling their arguments, will have to contend with very well-financed opposition from the financial industry. And as Upton Sinclair pointed out, it's hard to get a man to understand something when his salary - or, we might add, his campaign war chest - depends on his not understanding it.
But let's hope that the sheer scale of this financial crisis has concentrated enough minds to make reform possible. Otherwise, the next crisis will be even bigger.
Monday, July 28, 2008
别养不会生蛋的母鸡
不会开花结果的果树,你会种吗?
没有租金收入的店铺,你会买吗?
没有红利可分的生意,你会参股吗?
我相信大部份人都会说:“不会。”
购买不派股息的公司股票,跟栽种不结果的果树,购买没有租金的店铺,参股于不分红利的生意,其实没有两样。
不派股息的公司,犹如不会生蛋的母鸡,养这样的母鸡,简直是浪费饲料。
照理,这类股票,应该是无人问津才对,但在股市中,情况刚好相反,这类长期无能力派股息的公司的股票,往往成为热门股,成为投机者追逐的对象。
而那些长期派发可观股息的股票,反而长期受到冷落,这种情形,就好像不会生蛋的母鸡,被鸡农视为至宝,而会生金蛋的母鸡,鸡农却正眼也不看它一下,这是不是股海的怪现状?
企业在成长阶段,需要资金,犹如果树,需要肥料,所以,公司赚了钱,把盈利重新投资在生意上,以加速企业的成长,这种做法,无可厚非。
问题是,商场的竞争非常激烈,在同一个行业中,为了生存,为了争地盘(地盘就是市场分额),同业拼个你死我活,是司空见惯的事。在互相杀价的情况下,生意要长期维持成长的势头,谈何容易,这就说明了,何以股市中受看好的成长股,多数是虎头蛇尾。
果树在成长的过程中,需面对狂风暴雨的摧残,或是害虫的侵蚀,不是所有幼苗,都可以长成大树,即使长成大树,也未必能开花结果。
股市中的所谓“成长股”,在开始阶段,有很好的表现,受到投资者的垂青,股价往往被推高至不合理的水平,本益比高达三、四十倍。结果是业绩表现,只属昙花一现,当盈利每况愈下,甚至出现亏蚀时,投资者争相抛售,使股价直线下跌,高价买进的投资者,蒙受严重的亏蚀。如果公司的业绩无法改善的话,股价长期萎靡不振,高价买进此类股票的投资者,很少有翻身的机会。
在成长股中,最后能上榜成为五星级股票的,到底有多少呢?
我手头有一本1973年的上市公司手册,在当时上市的约260家公司中,大部份已不存在,只在约20%的蓝筹股,经得起考验,不但生存下来,而且老当益壮,其余80%的公司,均已从报价板上消失,而其中不少,当时曾红透半边天。
五星级股只有10%
根据我在股市投资40年的经验,在成长股中,最终能成为五星级股票的,不会超过10%。以成长股为投资对象的股友,在他所买进的十只成长股中,假如只有一只脱颖而出,为他带来丰厚的回酬,其余九只一败涂地,结果是一只之所赚,不足以填补九只之亏蚀,最后他的投资成绩,反而不如只买五星级股票作为长期投资的股友。
买没有股息的所谓“成长股”,由于股价波动,有如过山车,投资者精神上饱受煎熬,而成绩反而不如五星股,那么,又何必去淌这一浑水呢?
股市如战场,买高股息的股票,有如驻兵于高墙之城,进可以攻,退可以守。买没股息的成长股,如驻兵于无墙之城,守无可守,一旦战局扭转,如目前之炮火连天,必然是一败涂地。
散户用来买股票的,都是血汗钱,没有必要去冒“一败涂地”的风险。
不要养不会生蛋的母鸡!只养会生金蛋的鹅--就是股息稳定,周息率8%以上的五星级股票!
没有租金收入的店铺,你会买吗?
没有红利可分的生意,你会参股吗?
我相信大部份人都会说:“不会。”
购买不派股息的公司股票,跟栽种不结果的果树,购买没有租金的店铺,参股于不分红利的生意,其实没有两样。
不派股息的公司,犹如不会生蛋的母鸡,养这样的母鸡,简直是浪费饲料。
照理,这类股票,应该是无人问津才对,但在股市中,情况刚好相反,这类长期无能力派股息的公司的股票,往往成为热门股,成为投机者追逐的对象。
而那些长期派发可观股息的股票,反而长期受到冷落,这种情形,就好像不会生蛋的母鸡,被鸡农视为至宝,而会生金蛋的母鸡,鸡农却正眼也不看它一下,这是不是股海的怪现状?
企业在成长阶段,需要资金,犹如果树,需要肥料,所以,公司赚了钱,把盈利重新投资在生意上,以加速企业的成长,这种做法,无可厚非。
问题是,商场的竞争非常激烈,在同一个行业中,为了生存,为了争地盘(地盘就是市场分额),同业拼个你死我活,是司空见惯的事。在互相杀价的情况下,生意要长期维持成长的势头,谈何容易,这就说明了,何以股市中受看好的成长股,多数是虎头蛇尾。
果树在成长的过程中,需面对狂风暴雨的摧残,或是害虫的侵蚀,不是所有幼苗,都可以长成大树,即使长成大树,也未必能开花结果。
股市中的所谓“成长股”,在开始阶段,有很好的表现,受到投资者的垂青,股价往往被推高至不合理的水平,本益比高达三、四十倍。结果是业绩表现,只属昙花一现,当盈利每况愈下,甚至出现亏蚀时,投资者争相抛售,使股价直线下跌,高价买进的投资者,蒙受严重的亏蚀。如果公司的业绩无法改善的话,股价长期萎靡不振,高价买进此类股票的投资者,很少有翻身的机会。
在成长股中,最后能上榜成为五星级股票的,到底有多少呢?
我手头有一本1973年的上市公司手册,在当时上市的约260家公司中,大部份已不存在,只在约20%的蓝筹股,经得起考验,不但生存下来,而且老当益壮,其余80%的公司,均已从报价板上消失,而其中不少,当时曾红透半边天。
五星级股只有10%
根据我在股市投资40年的经验,在成长股中,最终能成为五星级股票的,不会超过10%。以成长股为投资对象的股友,在他所买进的十只成长股中,假如只有一只脱颖而出,为他带来丰厚的回酬,其余九只一败涂地,结果是一只之所赚,不足以填补九只之亏蚀,最后他的投资成绩,反而不如只买五星级股票作为长期投资的股友。
买没有股息的所谓“成长股”,由于股价波动,有如过山车,投资者精神上饱受煎熬,而成绩反而不如五星股,那么,又何必去淌这一浑水呢?
股市如战场,买高股息的股票,有如驻兵于高墙之城,进可以攻,退可以守。买没股息的成长股,如驻兵于无墙之城,守无可守,一旦战局扭转,如目前之炮火连天,必然是一败涂地。
散户用来买股票的,都是血汗钱,没有必要去冒“一败涂地”的风险。
不要养不会生蛋的母鸡!只养会生金蛋的鹅--就是股息稳定,周息率8%以上的五星级股票!
油价升而看淡物流业
上个世纪80年代开始,由西方国家发起的全球一体化浪潮席卷全球。所谓的全球一体化,是指世界各国应该分工合作,各自生产经济效益最高的商品,然后通过贸易互相交换。如此一来,就可以使得全球的生产力和经济效率提高,全世界人民就可以享受到价廉物美的商品和服务。
为了鼓励全球一体化,世界贸易组织(WTO)成立了。该组织希望经过多轮谈判推动各个成员降低,甚至完全取消进口关税;减少,甚至完全取消出口补贴和各种生产补贴。过去20多年来,全球一体化的推广进展良好,许多经济体都降低了进口关税,世界贸易额年年增加,空前繁荣。于是,中国也成为所谓的“世界工厂”,为全球生产各种各样的工业品。印度成为全球电脑软件设计中心,欧美各国出口高科技商品,发展中国家出口资源和劳动密集型产品。
可是,全球一体化要成功推行,有一个先决条件,那就是廉价的运输成本。廉价的运输成本使得工业零件可以在世界任何一个地方生产,再到任何一个地方组装、销售。于是,物流管理成为一门很时尚的学问。每一天,各种工业原料、农产品、工业半成品在世界各地通过飞机、轮船、火车、货车运来运去。
可是,今日的石油危机改变着这一切,改变着全球一体化的方向。因为,石油价格的狂升已经使得运输成本不再廉价。随着运输成本的上升,任何商品在一个地方生产,再运到其他地方销售,还能否比分散生产更具经济效益呢?
不要忘记,上个世纪90年代,1桶原油的价格曾经低至10美元,如今,一桶原油的价格已经接近150美元。石油价格上涨十多倍,运输成本大幅提高,整个物流管理开始出现巨大的改变。
不久前,有报道说全球最大的消费品供应商宝洁公司宣布重新调整全球物流供应规划,减少一些大型工厂的生产量,而把生产计划分散到各个地方的小工厂。我相信,这说明一些大型的跨国企业已经开始重新衡量其全球物流管理供应的模式。
运输成本的增加,肯定会压制运输量的需求,压抑国际贸易,从而改变全球一体化的方向与速度。全球一体化随着油价的上升不可避免地遇到了挑战。同样,石油价格的上升,也造成了很多天然资源价格的上升和农产品价格的上升。过去很多年,所谓的第一产业,也就是农业被长期忽略。全球各地都竞相发展所谓的第三产业,即服务业。物流业就是其中一项重要的服务业。
为了鼓励全球一体化,世界贸易组织(WTO)成立了。该组织希望经过多轮谈判推动各个成员降低,甚至完全取消进口关税;减少,甚至完全取消出口补贴和各种生产补贴。过去20多年来,全球一体化的推广进展良好,许多经济体都降低了进口关税,世界贸易额年年增加,空前繁荣。于是,中国也成为所谓的“世界工厂”,为全球生产各种各样的工业品。印度成为全球电脑软件设计中心,欧美各国出口高科技商品,发展中国家出口资源和劳动密集型产品。
可是,全球一体化要成功推行,有一个先决条件,那就是廉价的运输成本。廉价的运输成本使得工业零件可以在世界任何一个地方生产,再到任何一个地方组装、销售。于是,物流管理成为一门很时尚的学问。每一天,各种工业原料、农产品、工业半成品在世界各地通过飞机、轮船、火车、货车运来运去。
可是,今日的石油危机改变着这一切,改变着全球一体化的方向。因为,石油价格的狂升已经使得运输成本不再廉价。随着运输成本的上升,任何商品在一个地方生产,再运到其他地方销售,还能否比分散生产更具经济效益呢?
不要忘记,上个世纪90年代,1桶原油的价格曾经低至10美元,如今,一桶原油的价格已经接近150美元。石油价格上涨十多倍,运输成本大幅提高,整个物流管理开始出现巨大的改变。
不久前,有报道说全球最大的消费品供应商宝洁公司宣布重新调整全球物流供应规划,减少一些大型工厂的生产量,而把生产计划分散到各个地方的小工厂。我相信,这说明一些大型的跨国企业已经开始重新衡量其全球物流管理供应的模式。
运输成本的增加,肯定会压制运输量的需求,压抑国际贸易,从而改变全球一体化的方向与速度。全球一体化随着油价的上升不可避免地遇到了挑战。同样,石油价格的上升,也造成了很多天然资源价格的上升和农产品价格的上升。过去很多年,所谓的第一产业,也就是农业被长期忽略。全球各地都竞相发展所谓的第三产业,即服务业。物流业就是其中一项重要的服务业。
市場不變的地方
相信大部份投資人都懂得如何尋找有關金融市場、經濟、商業世界以及個別企業的資訊。原則上大部份人能掌握的訊息分別不會太大,在互聯網的普及下,即使在香港亦不難知道地球各地正在發生的事情,包括當地的經濟和股市行情。
然而,如何恰當地分析和過濾訊息可能是比人們想像困難得多。按道理,人們能夠更快地掌握更多的資訊,而且更有科技的協助下,應該能夠提高「勝算」。
但現實上,自17世紀的科學發展、19世紀的工業革命、20世紀初的電訊發展,以及20世紀末的互聯網的出現,似乎資本市場的「上升/下跌」週期特性並沒有改變。總是有人獲利,有人賠錢:
1) 市場仍是由一大群有各自不同利益的人組成,而且接近不會滅亡的(即使每天有新的加入者和退出者)。
2) 市場仍是「Forward Looking」,各方的角力導致市場價格傾向反映對未來的「Best guess」。因此,當大家對一項走勢和基本面有共識之際,其訊息已反映於市場價格中(至少,中短期發展是這麼樣)。
3) 報章的角色,仍然是嘗試以「合理原因」解釋已經發生的事情。因此跟隨「傳媒的共識」無異於「被市場牽著鼻子走」。
4) 市場充斥不少雜音(Noise),以迷惑人群。
5) 每一個時間內,市場會有一些「100%不能錯的概念」,例子如「2000年科技股只升不跌之說」、「2007年尾的中國增長論」、「2007年尾的Accumulator穩賺之法」、「2008年中的商品價格只升不跌之論」,以及現時的「美國經濟大衰退」等等。
6) 每一個時間內,總有一些「所謂必勝之選」,而各大投行「Sell-Side Report」、報章、群眾會持有「200%的信心」看好。但這亦是市場的警告......
7) 「燈神」長存,坊間總有一大堆「聽起來十分合理,但事實上漏洞百出」的論據(當然大部份群眾仍會受落)。最常見的漏洞不外乎「忽略估值(Valuation)」、「忽略宙宇的反向力」、「Assumption的不合理」,或者是「忘記各項因素(Factor)有改變的可能性」。
8) 市場總有一群打著「XXX大師的追隨者」、「永遠相信XXX投資法」旗號的人群。筆者不是否定「經時間考驗的投資法門」,同時「十分尊重身經百戰的宗師級人物」,問題是所謂的「追隨者」是真正做到「明德格物」,還是「知少少扮代表」?? 無論如何,逆市能令各人的「根底」露出來。
9) 市場仍是不能擺脫「貪婪」、「恐懼」、「無知」所帶來的風險。
10) 各人的「知識」、「心理質素」、「分析能力」、「風險承受能力」、「市場經驗」、「投資功力」、「投機之天份」,總是不同的。
11) 中小型股票的效率十分低,往往是「Insider」玩弄的「不平等」遊戲。
12) 「Market Timing」不是容易的事,縱使聽起來很像十分容易。
13) 「修心」、「虛心好學」、「觀察入微」、「大膽假設、小心求証」、「自律」、「獨立思考」,總是有利的,反其道而行則不利.....
唯一變了的可能是,每一個週期的時間確實是縮短了。下一次與大家談論「戰勝市場」之道.....
然而,如何恰當地分析和過濾訊息可能是比人們想像困難得多。按道理,人們能夠更快地掌握更多的資訊,而且更有科技的協助下,應該能夠提高「勝算」。
但現實上,自17世紀的科學發展、19世紀的工業革命、20世紀初的電訊發展,以及20世紀末的互聯網的出現,似乎資本市場的「上升/下跌」週期特性並沒有改變。總是有人獲利,有人賠錢:
1) 市場仍是由一大群有各自不同利益的人組成,而且接近不會滅亡的(即使每天有新的加入者和退出者)。
2) 市場仍是「Forward Looking」,各方的角力導致市場價格傾向反映對未來的「Best guess」。因此,當大家對一項走勢和基本面有共識之際,其訊息已反映於市場價格中(至少,中短期發展是這麼樣)。
3) 報章的角色,仍然是嘗試以「合理原因」解釋已經發生的事情。因此跟隨「傳媒的共識」無異於「被市場牽著鼻子走」。
4) 市場充斥不少雜音(Noise),以迷惑人群。
5) 每一個時間內,市場會有一些「100%不能錯的概念」,例子如「2000年科技股只升不跌之說」、「2007年尾的中國增長論」、「2007年尾的Accumulator穩賺之法」、「2008年中的商品價格只升不跌之論」,以及現時的「美國經濟大衰退」等等。
6) 每一個時間內,總有一些「所謂必勝之選」,而各大投行「Sell-Side Report」、報章、群眾會持有「200%的信心」看好。但這亦是市場的警告......
7) 「燈神」長存,坊間總有一大堆「聽起來十分合理,但事實上漏洞百出」的論據(當然大部份群眾仍會受落)。最常見的漏洞不外乎「忽略估值(Valuation)」、「忽略宙宇的反向力」、「Assumption的不合理」,或者是「忘記各項因素(Factor)有改變的可能性」。
8) 市場總有一群打著「XXX大師的追隨者」、「永遠相信XXX投資法」旗號的人群。筆者不是否定「經時間考驗的投資法門」,同時「十分尊重身經百戰的宗師級人物」,問題是所謂的「追隨者」是真正做到「明德格物」,還是「知少少扮代表」?? 無論如何,逆市能令各人的「根底」露出來。
9) 市場仍是不能擺脫「貪婪」、「恐懼」、「無知」所帶來的風險。
10) 各人的「知識」、「心理質素」、「分析能力」、「風險承受能力」、「市場經驗」、「投資功力」、「投機之天份」,總是不同的。
11) 中小型股票的效率十分低,往往是「Insider」玩弄的「不平等」遊戲。
12) 「Market Timing」不是容易的事,縱使聽起來很像十分容易。
13) 「修心」、「虛心好學」、「觀察入微」、「大膽假設、小心求証」、「自律」、「獨立思考」,總是有利的,反其道而行則不利.....
唯一變了的可能是,每一個週期的時間確實是縮短了。下一次與大家談論「戰勝市場」之道.....
Likely to recover, remains volatile for the week
Singapore:
Singapore market opened down on Friday in response to the fall in Wall Street overnight due to weaker than expected US existing home sales number. Investors started to take profit after sharp gains on the first four days of the week and ahead of the released of the US new home sales number on Friday’s night. The benchmark STI fell 55 points or 1.8% to close the week at 2,922.91. Turnover fell, with only 0.8 billion shares worth S$1.1 billion transacted, compared to 1.1 billion shares worth S$1.5 billion done on Thursday. Losers led gainers 11 to 5. For the week, the Index gained 130.18 points or 4.6% on the first four days of the week before closed with a 75.18 points gain.
· Wall Street:
US market closed higher on Friday as encouraging economic indicators outweighed investors' fears about financials. On economic front, orders for durable manufactured goods rose unexpectedly in June, according to a U.S. Commerce Department report released Friday. Orders to factories for big-ticket items like cars, appliances and machinery rose 0.8% last month, far surpassing economists' forecast of a 0.4% decline. Also sending stocks up was an encouraging report on new home sales. Sales of new homes fell 0.6% in June to an annual sales rate of 530,000, from an upwardly revised rate of 533,000 in May, according to the U.S. Census Bureau. Despite home sales slipping, that level was well above economists' expectations. Wall Street also embraced news that consumer confidence got a larger boost in July than previously reported, according to a consumer sentiment survey conducted by Reuters and the University of Michigan . The revised index number came in at 61.2 in July, up from a preliminary reading of 56.6 for July and from 56.4 in June. DJIA rose 21.41 or 0.2% to 11,370.69 points while Nasdaq increased 30.42 or 1.3% to close at 2,310.53 points. Light crude oil shed US$2.23 to close at US$123.26 per barrel on NYMEX.
Outlook:
The Singapore market is likely to recover from last Friday profit taking session. The sell down on Friday was mainly due to concerns over the US property market, after the released of lower-than-expected existing home sales number on Thursday night. With the US new home sales number coming in better than expect and continuous fall in oil prices on Friday night, market sentiment is likely to improve. The local market is likely to continue to follow the US lead in this week. Major economic releases in the US are the Consumer Confidence on Tuesday, the advanced 2Q GDP number on Wednesday and the employment number on Friday. On the local front, the June loan growth number will be released on Thursday. We expect the loan growth rate to be 24%, down from 26.1% in May, the first decline in growth rate since August 2007.
Singapore market opened down on Friday in response to the fall in Wall Street overnight due to weaker than expected US existing home sales number. Investors started to take profit after sharp gains on the first four days of the week and ahead of the released of the US new home sales number on Friday’s night. The benchmark STI fell 55 points or 1.8% to close the week at 2,922.91. Turnover fell, with only 0.8 billion shares worth S$1.1 billion transacted, compared to 1.1 billion shares worth S$1.5 billion done on Thursday. Losers led gainers 11 to 5. For the week, the Index gained 130.18 points or 4.6% on the first four days of the week before closed with a 75.18 points gain.
· Wall Street:
US market closed higher on Friday as encouraging economic indicators outweighed investors' fears about financials. On economic front, orders for durable manufactured goods rose unexpectedly in June, according to a U.S. Commerce Department report released Friday. Orders to factories for big-ticket items like cars, appliances and machinery rose 0.8% last month, far surpassing economists' forecast of a 0.4% decline. Also sending stocks up was an encouraging report on new home sales. Sales of new homes fell 0.6% in June to an annual sales rate of 530,000, from an upwardly revised rate of 533,000 in May, according to the U.S. Census Bureau. Despite home sales slipping, that level was well above economists' expectations. Wall Street also embraced news that consumer confidence got a larger boost in July than previously reported, according to a consumer sentiment survey conducted by Reuters and the University of Michigan . The revised index number came in at 61.2 in July, up from a preliminary reading of 56.6 for July and from 56.4 in June. DJIA rose 21.41 or 0.2% to 11,370.69 points while Nasdaq increased 30.42 or 1.3% to close at 2,310.53 points. Light crude oil shed US$2.23 to close at US$123.26 per barrel on NYMEX.
Outlook:
The Singapore market is likely to recover from last Friday profit taking session. The sell down on Friday was mainly due to concerns over the US property market, after the released of lower-than-expected existing home sales number on Thursday night. With the US new home sales number coming in better than expect and continuous fall in oil prices on Friday night, market sentiment is likely to improve. The local market is likely to continue to follow the US lead in this week. Major economic releases in the US are the Consumer Confidence on Tuesday, the advanced 2Q GDP number on Wednesday and the employment number on Friday. On the local front, the June loan growth number will be released on Thursday. We expect the loan growth rate to be 24%, down from 26.1% in May, the first decline in growth rate since August 2007.
Sunday, July 27, 2008
股神”和“赌神”的区别
有一本书非常值得一看:《预测者》(The Predictors)。这本书讲的是,几个前物理教授怎样把模式识别方法应用到期货交易里,最后都在华尔街获得了巨大的成功。
美国拉斯韦加斯和大西洋城赌场有一个很受欢迎的赌博,叫Black Jack,大家通常叫它“21点”。游戏的规则很简单:你先下注,然后庄家给自己发两张牌,也给你发两张牌。庄家的两张牌里有一张面向下(暗牌),你看不见,不过你可以看见另一张牌(明牌)。这时你开始要牌,可以随意要多少张,目的是尽量往21点靠,靠得越近越好,因为21点是最大的点数。2至10的牌按牌面的数字算点,J、Q、K都算10点。A可以算1点,也可以算11点,由你自己决定。
在你要牌的过程中,假如你所有的牌加起来超过了21点,你就输了(爆掉),游戏结束。假如你没爆掉,又决定不再要牌了,庄家就把他的那张暗牌翻开。假如他的两张牌加起来小于或等于16点,他就继续给自己发牌(不管他的点数是否比你大),一直发到他的点数大于等于17点。庄家在给自己发牌的过程中,假如爆掉了,那他就输了。假如他没爆掉,你就与他比点数大小,大者赢。如果点数一样,那就打成平手,你可以把自己的赌注拿回来。
《预测者》这本书里讲到,1960年,麻省理工学院有一个年轻的数学教师叫爱德华·索普(Edward Thorp),他用学校里的大型计算机证明,假如庄家用一副扑克牌玩21点的游戏,庄家对手赢的概率为51.5%。虽然现在大西洋城赌场的21点用8副扑克牌来玩(大概就是为了不让这些聪明的科学家钻空子),但在拉斯韦加斯,还是可以找到一些赌场是使用一副扑克牌的。索普在1962年写了一本广受欢迎的《打败庄家》(Beat the Dealer),书中的方法被美国《时代》周刊的记者证明是可行的。从那以后,很多赌场立下了一条规矩:有权在不给出理由的情况下,拒绝任何人入场。
索普还做了一件很绝的事。1962年,他说服了麻省理工学院一位著名的应用数学教授,和他一起做一个测量“俄罗斯轮盘”轮盘转速的计算机,以预计最后小球会停在哪里。这台计算机只有香烟盒大小。不过,当他们到赌场里去做实验时,因为短路等技术原因,实验失败了。1990年,一家公司完成了索普他们没有完成的事,证明了使用带测量仪的计算机是可以在“俄罗斯轮盘”里打败庄家的。
1965年前后,索普到加利福尼亚大学Irvine分校教书,在那里遇到了经济系教授西恩·卡萨夫(Sheen Kassouf)。1967年,他们发现了一个股票交易的方法,依照这个方法进行的套利交易,为他们带来了丰厚利润。
上世纪90年代初,几个前物理教授和美国阿拉莫斯国家实验室的科学家建立了一个对冲基金,把做模式识别的应用数学方法运用于分析预测股指、外汇等,据此建立的定量期货模型获得了巨大的成功。
这个基金的早期投资人里有一个人叫布莱尔·霍尔(Blair Hull)。此人在上世纪70年代初是一个职业的21点玩家,也是个应用数学高手,靠玩21点赚了50万美元。后来,他用这50万美元在芝加哥商品交易所和芝加哥贸易中心做期权交易。到1991年,他的资产已达9000万美元。
尽管“赌神”和“股神”有着这样那样的共同点,不过赌博就是赌博。一个同行告诉我,他们基金的某个合伙人有一次到赌场里玩21点,玩了10分钟,输了20000美元,临走时还不忘感谢发牌员,并留下200美元小费。这个合伙人是华尔街上极成功的人士,他肯定知道自己没有研究过21点,输钱不奇怪。
值得一提的是,就算你赢庄家的概率能达到90%,也不要一次把所有资本都押上,毕竟还有10%输的概率。假如你赢庄家的概率超过50%,你要把赌注分成很多份,每次押一点,这样才能把赢钱的概率变为真正赢的钱。投资也是如此,金融学和投资行业里人们常说的分散投资(一般要买超过20个股票),就是这个道理。
美国拉斯韦加斯和大西洋城赌场有一个很受欢迎的赌博,叫Black Jack,大家通常叫它“21点”。游戏的规则很简单:你先下注,然后庄家给自己发两张牌,也给你发两张牌。庄家的两张牌里有一张面向下(暗牌),你看不见,不过你可以看见另一张牌(明牌)。这时你开始要牌,可以随意要多少张,目的是尽量往21点靠,靠得越近越好,因为21点是最大的点数。2至10的牌按牌面的数字算点,J、Q、K都算10点。A可以算1点,也可以算11点,由你自己决定。
在你要牌的过程中,假如你所有的牌加起来超过了21点,你就输了(爆掉),游戏结束。假如你没爆掉,又决定不再要牌了,庄家就把他的那张暗牌翻开。假如他的两张牌加起来小于或等于16点,他就继续给自己发牌(不管他的点数是否比你大),一直发到他的点数大于等于17点。庄家在给自己发牌的过程中,假如爆掉了,那他就输了。假如他没爆掉,你就与他比点数大小,大者赢。如果点数一样,那就打成平手,你可以把自己的赌注拿回来。
《预测者》这本书里讲到,1960年,麻省理工学院有一个年轻的数学教师叫爱德华·索普(Edward Thorp),他用学校里的大型计算机证明,假如庄家用一副扑克牌玩21点的游戏,庄家对手赢的概率为51.5%。虽然现在大西洋城赌场的21点用8副扑克牌来玩(大概就是为了不让这些聪明的科学家钻空子),但在拉斯韦加斯,还是可以找到一些赌场是使用一副扑克牌的。索普在1962年写了一本广受欢迎的《打败庄家》(Beat the Dealer),书中的方法被美国《时代》周刊的记者证明是可行的。从那以后,很多赌场立下了一条规矩:有权在不给出理由的情况下,拒绝任何人入场。
索普还做了一件很绝的事。1962年,他说服了麻省理工学院一位著名的应用数学教授,和他一起做一个测量“俄罗斯轮盘”轮盘转速的计算机,以预计最后小球会停在哪里。这台计算机只有香烟盒大小。不过,当他们到赌场里去做实验时,因为短路等技术原因,实验失败了。1990年,一家公司完成了索普他们没有完成的事,证明了使用带测量仪的计算机是可以在“俄罗斯轮盘”里打败庄家的。
1965年前后,索普到加利福尼亚大学Irvine分校教书,在那里遇到了经济系教授西恩·卡萨夫(Sheen Kassouf)。1967年,他们发现了一个股票交易的方法,依照这个方法进行的套利交易,为他们带来了丰厚利润。
上世纪90年代初,几个前物理教授和美国阿拉莫斯国家实验室的科学家建立了一个对冲基金,把做模式识别的应用数学方法运用于分析预测股指、外汇等,据此建立的定量期货模型获得了巨大的成功。
这个基金的早期投资人里有一个人叫布莱尔·霍尔(Blair Hull)。此人在上世纪70年代初是一个职业的21点玩家,也是个应用数学高手,靠玩21点赚了50万美元。后来,他用这50万美元在芝加哥商品交易所和芝加哥贸易中心做期权交易。到1991年,他的资产已达9000万美元。
尽管“赌神”和“股神”有着这样那样的共同点,不过赌博就是赌博。一个同行告诉我,他们基金的某个合伙人有一次到赌场里玩21点,玩了10分钟,输了20000美元,临走时还不忘感谢发牌员,并留下200美元小费。这个合伙人是华尔街上极成功的人士,他肯定知道自己没有研究过21点,输钱不奇怪。
值得一提的是,就算你赢庄家的概率能达到90%,也不要一次把所有资本都押上,毕竟还有10%输的概率。假如你赢庄家的概率超过50%,你要把赌注分成很多份,每次押一点,这样才能把赢钱的概率变为真正赢的钱。投资也是如此,金融学和投资行业里人们常说的分散投资(一般要买超过20个股票),就是这个道理。
找到自己的财富公式
美国著名物理学家约翰·凯利在1956年提出的一个数学公式,被称为“凯利公式”,或者“凯利标准”、“凯利系统”。这个公式证明了在通讯噪音干扰理论中使用的数学模型同样适用于投资者对于风险和收益的管理。如果可以在信息传输中将噪音干扰引起的错误降低到零,投资者在追求最大收益的同时也可以把破产风险降低到零。
上世纪60年代,莺歌燕舞的美国赌场风云突变。几位神秘客横扫各大赌城,他们外表普通,入场后分组行动,分散在各个赌桌上。他们看上去互不相识,暗地里却用高科技的手段联系。他们用匪夷所思的方法大把捞钱,常常在庄家不知所措的时候,消失得无影无踪。这些神秘客一时间被各大赌城列为不受欢迎的人,并被拒绝入场。美国两大赌城拉斯维加斯和大西洋城各家赌场乱了手脚,纷纷改变规则,对付这些神秘客。他们是谁?难道他们是超人?他们的高科技手段来自哪里?他们既然可以轻易战胜赌场庄家,为何悄然离开?是手下留情还是使用了非法手段?他们为敛财还是希望做出惊世之举?这一切都是令人费解的谜。
万卷出版公司出版的《财富公式——玩转拉斯维加斯和华尔街的故事》为人们揭示了谜底:几位让世人顶礼膜拜的科学家,把自己的实验室搬到了赌场!目的就是用实践来证明这条“财富公式”。法律允许他们这样做吗?他们的实验到底是什么呢?难道他们真的想通过自己的努力,而让赌徒无往不利吗?那些有着强大黑帮背景的赌场庄家们,能眼看财路一一断送吗?
姑且不论投资界中的“凯利公式”是否真的如这本《财富公式》所说,已经成为智慧型投资者确定投资策略的金科玉律。但从当下火爆的投资市场来看,每一个人似乎都期望寻找到一条完美的投资策略,“凯利公式”也只是其中的一种。
凯利是贝尔实验室的一位科学家,他针对较小概率发生事件提出了“凯利公式”,依照这个公式计算出来的结果被称为“凯利值”。博彩中的冷门也是较小概率发生事件,于是“凯利值”的概念就引入到博彩业中。“凯利值”已被越来越多的博彩分析师用于博彩分析。但仔细研究,会发现它来自无穷级数的数学推理。因此,如果可以不停玩下去,虽然面临连续亏损,但是总可以最终来个大翻盘。但是能够坚持下去吗?如果答案是否定的,那么终究还是要破产。从这一点上看,笔者认为按照这条公式的指示进行交易非常危险。不顾一切的对“凯利公式”推崇,也会对新入行的交易员造成极大的伤害。
《财富公式》中的几个重要人物:克劳德·申农、爱德华·索普、爱德华·索普、约翰·凯利、保罗·萨缪尔森、沃伦·巴菲特,无一不是顶尖高手,在他们的世界里存在着自己的财富公式,他们运用这套财富公式赢得了巨大财富和无限声誉。同样,在本书中,读者能详细解读到信息理论学家们的研究成果,虽然受到经济学家的严厉抨击,却在巴菲特的投资实战中屡屡得到验证。这就是神秘的“财富公式”。
本书对美国上世纪六七十年代的黑帮、博彩业、证券业做了有趣的介绍。如果读者想从这本《财富公式》中得到属于自己的神秘“财富公式”,并且运用“财富公式”去投资理财,我先告诉读者的是:巴菲特和索罗斯都是善于下重注的人,但同时也是最善于躲避风险的人。这并不矛盾。其实很多概念都是混淆不清的,风险、概率等莫不如此。找到专属于自己的“财富公式”,才能在投资理财中处于不败之地。
上世纪60年代,莺歌燕舞的美国赌场风云突变。几位神秘客横扫各大赌城,他们外表普通,入场后分组行动,分散在各个赌桌上。他们看上去互不相识,暗地里却用高科技的手段联系。他们用匪夷所思的方法大把捞钱,常常在庄家不知所措的时候,消失得无影无踪。这些神秘客一时间被各大赌城列为不受欢迎的人,并被拒绝入场。美国两大赌城拉斯维加斯和大西洋城各家赌场乱了手脚,纷纷改变规则,对付这些神秘客。他们是谁?难道他们是超人?他们的高科技手段来自哪里?他们既然可以轻易战胜赌场庄家,为何悄然离开?是手下留情还是使用了非法手段?他们为敛财还是希望做出惊世之举?这一切都是令人费解的谜。
万卷出版公司出版的《财富公式——玩转拉斯维加斯和华尔街的故事》为人们揭示了谜底:几位让世人顶礼膜拜的科学家,把自己的实验室搬到了赌场!目的就是用实践来证明这条“财富公式”。法律允许他们这样做吗?他们的实验到底是什么呢?难道他们真的想通过自己的努力,而让赌徒无往不利吗?那些有着强大黑帮背景的赌场庄家们,能眼看财路一一断送吗?
姑且不论投资界中的“凯利公式”是否真的如这本《财富公式》所说,已经成为智慧型投资者确定投资策略的金科玉律。但从当下火爆的投资市场来看,每一个人似乎都期望寻找到一条完美的投资策略,“凯利公式”也只是其中的一种。
凯利是贝尔实验室的一位科学家,他针对较小概率发生事件提出了“凯利公式”,依照这个公式计算出来的结果被称为“凯利值”。博彩中的冷门也是较小概率发生事件,于是“凯利值”的概念就引入到博彩业中。“凯利值”已被越来越多的博彩分析师用于博彩分析。但仔细研究,会发现它来自无穷级数的数学推理。因此,如果可以不停玩下去,虽然面临连续亏损,但是总可以最终来个大翻盘。但是能够坚持下去吗?如果答案是否定的,那么终究还是要破产。从这一点上看,笔者认为按照这条公式的指示进行交易非常危险。不顾一切的对“凯利公式”推崇,也会对新入行的交易员造成极大的伤害。
《财富公式》中的几个重要人物:克劳德·申农、爱德华·索普、爱德华·索普、约翰·凯利、保罗·萨缪尔森、沃伦·巴菲特,无一不是顶尖高手,在他们的世界里存在着自己的财富公式,他们运用这套财富公式赢得了巨大财富和无限声誉。同样,在本书中,读者能详细解读到信息理论学家们的研究成果,虽然受到经济学家的严厉抨击,却在巴菲特的投资实战中屡屡得到验证。这就是神秘的“财富公式”。
本书对美国上世纪六七十年代的黑帮、博彩业、证券业做了有趣的介绍。如果读者想从这本《财富公式》中得到属于自己的神秘“财富公式”,并且运用“财富公式”去投资理财,我先告诉读者的是:巴菲特和索罗斯都是善于下重注的人,但同时也是最善于躲避风险的人。这并不矛盾。其实很多概念都是混淆不清的,风险、概率等莫不如此。找到专属于自己的“财富公式”,才能在投资理财中处于不败之地。
Condo land falling below building costs
For the first time in at least two decades, construction costs for some 99-year condo sites are actually higher than their land costs. This is taking place against the backdrop of soaring construction prices and a weak outlook for the prices at which private housing developments can be sold.
Some industry watchers expect this trend for entry-level private housing to continue - which suggests that the government may have to be prepared to accept declining land bids at state tenders.
'Right now, developers can bid up to about $200-250 per square foot of potential gross floor area at most for suburban condo sites, which translates to breakeven costs of $650-700 psf. However, if construction costs continue to go up and selling prices continue to drop, there's not much else you can do except to lower your land bids. The question is what is the government's threshold for pain?' a seasoned developer said.
In May, URA (Urban Redevelopment Authority) awarded a site in Choa Chu Kang for $203 psf per plot ratio (psf ppr). 'So the $200 psf ppr mark has been tested. The next question is: Will the government be prepared to sell sites at even lower prices, say, around $150 psf ppr?' he added. This $203 psf ppr was below the construction cost of a new development on the site.
Last month's winning bid of $270 psf ppr by Frasers Centrepoint at a state tender for a plot at Woodleigh Close was also lower than the construction cost of about $300 psf of gross floor area (GFA) for mass-market condos, industry observers noted.
Meanwhile, constructions costs - after staying stagnant for several years - are now at record levels.
Construction cost consultancy Rider Levett Bucknall (RLB). said: 'Construction prices for medium-quality condominiums indicatively range from $260 psf of GFA to $320 psf of GFA in Q1 2008, and prices have risen further to $280 to $350 psf of GFA for Q2 2008,' it said. 'High demand and competition for limited resources, the lack of tendering capacity among contractors, sub-contractors and suppliers, and volatile commodity prices have contributed significantly to building tender price escalation,' the firm added.
Construction costs are estimated to have risen 20 to 25 per cent for Q4 2007 compared with the corresponding period in 2006 for average medium quality condominiums (for the upgraders' market).
While the trend of construction costs exceeding land costs has drawn more attention since the recent tender closings of Government Land Sales (GLS) sites, some observers say it surfaced as early as December last year, when Chip Eng Seng bought a plot at Elias Rd in Pasir Ris for $228 psf ppr.
In the same month, Frasers Centrepoint picked up a site at Lakeside Drive for $248 psf ppr - which was probably about equal to construction costs at the time.
Construction costs comprise not just the cost of building materials but also include factors such as workers' wages among others.
As for the mid-market and high-end residential sectors, land values would still be above their respective construction costs, although there have hardly been any land deals in these segments in recent months because of weaker homebuying sentiment.
Instead, developers have been focusing more on suburban sites suitable for being developed into mass-market private homes targeted at upgraders, as this is the sector where end-unit demand is relatively more resilient. Still, developers have had to be more prudent with their land bids.
'It's a simple equation, a function of selling price for the end-units against development cost and profit,' a property investor observes.
Buyers of mass-market condos are extremely price sensitive, while construction costs have been escalating. 'At the end of the day, something's got to give - in terms of a lower land bid,' observes Knight Frank managing director Tan Tiong Cheng.
'Developers have to allow a larger sum for contingencies because of the way construction material prices have been going up.
'The trend is likely to continue - until construction costs come down or selling prices of private homes go up again,' Mr Tan added.
For now the pressure on construction costs shows no signs of letting up. 'Given the large existing project commitments on hand, price escalation trends are set to continue for this year and may be in the order of 15 to 20 per cent,' RLB said.
Some industry watchers expect this trend for entry-level private housing to continue - which suggests that the government may have to be prepared to accept declining land bids at state tenders.
'Right now, developers can bid up to about $200-250 per square foot of potential gross floor area at most for suburban condo sites, which translates to breakeven costs of $650-700 psf. However, if construction costs continue to go up and selling prices continue to drop, there's not much else you can do except to lower your land bids. The question is what is the government's threshold for pain?' a seasoned developer said.
In May, URA (Urban Redevelopment Authority) awarded a site in Choa Chu Kang for $203 psf per plot ratio (psf ppr). 'So the $200 psf ppr mark has been tested. The next question is: Will the government be prepared to sell sites at even lower prices, say, around $150 psf ppr?' he added. This $203 psf ppr was below the construction cost of a new development on the site.
Last month's winning bid of $270 psf ppr by Frasers Centrepoint at a state tender for a plot at Woodleigh Close was also lower than the construction cost of about $300 psf of gross floor area (GFA) for mass-market condos, industry observers noted.
Meanwhile, constructions costs - after staying stagnant for several years - are now at record levels.
Construction cost consultancy Rider Levett Bucknall (RLB). said: 'Construction prices for medium-quality condominiums indicatively range from $260 psf of GFA to $320 psf of GFA in Q1 2008, and prices have risen further to $280 to $350 psf of GFA for Q2 2008,' it said. 'High demand and competition for limited resources, the lack of tendering capacity among contractors, sub-contractors and suppliers, and volatile commodity prices have contributed significantly to building tender price escalation,' the firm added.
Construction costs are estimated to have risen 20 to 25 per cent for Q4 2007 compared with the corresponding period in 2006 for average medium quality condominiums (for the upgraders' market).
While the trend of construction costs exceeding land costs has drawn more attention since the recent tender closings of Government Land Sales (GLS) sites, some observers say it surfaced as early as December last year, when Chip Eng Seng bought a plot at Elias Rd in Pasir Ris for $228 psf ppr.
In the same month, Frasers Centrepoint picked up a site at Lakeside Drive for $248 psf ppr - which was probably about equal to construction costs at the time.
Construction costs comprise not just the cost of building materials but also include factors such as workers' wages among others.
As for the mid-market and high-end residential sectors, land values would still be above their respective construction costs, although there have hardly been any land deals in these segments in recent months because of weaker homebuying sentiment.
Instead, developers have been focusing more on suburban sites suitable for being developed into mass-market private homes targeted at upgraders, as this is the sector where end-unit demand is relatively more resilient. Still, developers have had to be more prudent with their land bids.
'It's a simple equation, a function of selling price for the end-units against development cost and profit,' a property investor observes.
Buyers of mass-market condos are extremely price sensitive, while construction costs have been escalating. 'At the end of the day, something's got to give - in terms of a lower land bid,' observes Knight Frank managing director Tan Tiong Cheng.
'Developers have to allow a larger sum for contingencies because of the way construction material prices have been going up.
'The trend is likely to continue - until construction costs come down or selling prices of private homes go up again,' Mr Tan added.
For now the pressure on construction costs shows no signs of letting up. 'Given the large existing project commitments on hand, price escalation trends are set to continue for this year and may be in the order of 15 to 20 per cent,' RLB said.
HDB resale flats climb as private homes lose steam
Housing Board resale flats continue to draw buyers as private homes lose their lustre.
Prices for HDB resale flats rose further by 4.5 per cent in the second quarter, higher than the 3.7 per cent increase from January to March.
Continuing its lacklustre, private home prices rose just 0.2 per cent between April and June, compared with 3.7 per cent a quarter earlier.
The number of HDB resale transactions jumped by about 22 per cent, from about 6,360 cases in the first quarter to about 7,760 cases in the second.
The median Cash-Over-Valuation (COV) amount of all resale transactions in the second quarter was $20,000, a slight drop from the COV of $21,000 in the earlier quarter, said HDB on Friday.
Cases requiring COV made up 90 per cent of all resale transactions in this quarter, with the rest below valuation.
New flat supply
In the first six months, HDB launched a total of 4,524 new flats under the Build-To-Order (BTO) system, which provides the main supply of new flats.
Subject to demand, HDB plans to offer about 3,900 new flats under the BTO system over the next six months in Punggol, Sengkang and Bukit Panjang.
The total planned BTO supply of 8,400 new flats for this year will exceed last year's 6,000 units and 2006's 2,400 units.
This new flat supply will be in addition to flats offered under the balloting exercise for surplus replacement SERS flats, and balance flats from previous offers. HDB will provide more details of the BTO flats when the projects are launched
In tandem with rising rents for private residential properties, sublet rents for HDB flats also rose in the second quarter. The number of subletting transactions went up by about 15 per cent - from about 3,580 cases in the first quarter to about 4,120 cases in the second.
The total number of HDB flats approved for subletting rose to about 20,200 units, compared to about 18,700 units in the first three months.
Prices for HDB resale flats rose further by 4.5 per cent in the second quarter, higher than the 3.7 per cent increase from January to March.
Continuing its lacklustre, private home prices rose just 0.2 per cent between April and June, compared with 3.7 per cent a quarter earlier.
The number of HDB resale transactions jumped by about 22 per cent, from about 6,360 cases in the first quarter to about 7,760 cases in the second.
The median Cash-Over-Valuation (COV) amount of all resale transactions in the second quarter was $20,000, a slight drop from the COV of $21,000 in the earlier quarter, said HDB on Friday.
Cases requiring COV made up 90 per cent of all resale transactions in this quarter, with the rest below valuation.
New flat supply
In the first six months, HDB launched a total of 4,524 new flats under the Build-To-Order (BTO) system, which provides the main supply of new flats.
Subject to demand, HDB plans to offer about 3,900 new flats under the BTO system over the next six months in Punggol, Sengkang and Bukit Panjang.
The total planned BTO supply of 8,400 new flats for this year will exceed last year's 6,000 units and 2006's 2,400 units.
This new flat supply will be in addition to flats offered under the balloting exercise for surplus replacement SERS flats, and balance flats from previous offers. HDB will provide more details of the BTO flats when the projects are launched
In tandem with rising rents for private residential properties, sublet rents for HDB flats also rose in the second quarter. The number of subletting transactions went up by about 15 per cent - from about 3,580 cases in the first quarter to about 4,120 cases in the second.
The total number of HDB flats approved for subletting rose to about 20,200 units, compared to about 18,700 units in the first three months.
成功投资你都行-曹仁超
各位朋友,大家好!“功投资你都行”这个题目不是我定的。是证监会叫我定的。如果你问我,我就刚刚相反,我就认为“成功投资你不行”,首先,大家要明白,成功投资是需要很多因素。第一,很多人没考虑的是你要赚钱,你第一件事要学的就是降低你自己的身份。我过去三十多年见了许多大学讲师,医生等称为专业人士的人,他们最后的结果是投资失败。为什么呢?他们认为自己已经是专业人士,不需要再听其他人的意见。投资跟你的专业是无关的,很多时候,如果你是专业人士,请你将自己是专业人士这个尊严放下,这是学投资要做的第一件事。因为投资市场不管你是谁,如果你看错市,对不起,没脸给!任何人都有损失!
最近的例子:巴菲特这个我崇拜了20多年的偶像,他因为看淡美金,今年就损失了9亿多美金。最近大家又听说李嘉诚买长江的股票,那么跟不跟呢?我告诉你听,如果你十月份跟李嘉诚买长江的股票,你输了!另外美国有个很有钱的人动用了27亿美金买通用汽车的股票,结果上个星期五,通用汽车的股价是十年的新低,所以我要告诉你的第二件事是,在股票市场,很多人都说大户,散户,对不起,股票市场不管你是大户还是散户,股票市场只有两类人,第一类人叫赢家,第二类人叫输家。所以看市和你有多少钱是没关系的。
你想成为一个成功的投资者,还要考虑我常说的孤独感,做医生你医好了一个病人,你很满足。你开间工厂,你见到成千上万的工人,你也很满足。甚至当律师,你打赢了官司,你也会很满足。但是在投资领域,成功了,如果你满足而自满,摔一个跟斗就让你损失惨重。在投资市场里,当你最开心的时候,就是你最危险的时候。当每个人都悲观的时候,你可不可以保持冷静?当每个人乐观的时候,你可不可以还是清醒呢?所以我经常说,成功的投资者是很孤独的。因为你慢慢的会发觉你跟群众保持了一个距离,这是你一定要付出的代价。
第三件事是去年我和星展银行的董事总经理理walk张聊天,他说了几句话,我也认为大家要记住,他说,什么叫投资?投资就像你早上起床刷牙,洗脸,这是你每天都要做的。投资不是一跃而就,投资是需要你每天花5-10分钟去想一下自己有没有出错,或者自己的方向有没有错。天天都要检讨自己的计划是对还是错。如果你可以放下自己身份,你不以大户自居,专业人士自居,可以不跟群众走在一起,可以天天检讨自己的逻辑思维有没有错。如果你做到上面三点,你才可以做一个成功的投资者。
大家不要以为来听我几个小时的讲座就可以成为一个成功的投资者。对不起,这个世界没有这么便宜的事情,所有的回报,背后是无穷无尽的工作。我挺反感人们打电话去电台问“功课”,1号,怎么看?五号,怎么看?8号好像要跑出?大哥,我们不是赌马啊!不是扁低别人,你自己想一下吧,你去问的时候,你是很认真的去问,但我告诉你,人家只是随便的回答,他第二天都不记得自己说过什么了。你就信以为真,但你死了,人家都不知道你死了。所以我经常说,请不要打电话问功课,如果你喜欢长江实业,你就去研究长江实业。那些不是数字,那是一间实实在在的企业,他有资产负债表,纯利,有管理层等许多东西,不要当他是数字,这不是六合彩。可以这么说,任何东西,你要成功,你一定要做功课。其次是我经常说的大趋势。我在其它研讨会经常说的“有智慧不如趋势”。如果趋势是逆着你的,不管你是李嘉诚,你一样要死。公元2000年他请我吃饭,问我怎么看3G,我可能不是很会做人,我说:“我看淡”。他说,你看淡,我看好啊。我说,李生,你看好和我看淡,都改变不了3G的趋势。今年他跟我老板林生吃饭,他说,老曹是对的。李嘉诚也是改变不了3G的趋势。当趋势形成了,没有人可以改变,这是邓小平所说的,大气候与小气候不因人的主观愿望而改变,所以你就不要去做英雄改变时势,通常是时势令你成为英雄。这几个都是人的性格影响你投资是成功还是失败。
顺便在这里跟大家研究一下什么是大趋势,说起大趋势,就要说一下故事了,1780年,工业革命在英国开始,在英国工业革命我们发现经济是分五个阶段,我想所有读经济系的都明白,大部份社会开始的时候是传统的农业,人的生产力是很有限,交通不发达,贸易很少,依靠手工业。这是我们最喜欢说的“安贫乐道”阶段,这是18世纪全世界的现象。随后英国发明了蒸汽机开始工业革命,蒸汽机的发明引发了强大的生产力,强大的生产力引发了原料的需求,能源的上升,交通贸易等各方面的配合,这是经济第二阶段(经济起飞期,GDP向上增长)。第三阶段是工业的成就带来贸易的上升,人的财富一步步增长,产生了所谓的专业人士研究科技,法则,技术的改进。因为科技的改进,法例的改进等令到经济继续增长。第四阶段是各方面成就产生了所谓的金融需求,银行,保险等各方面需求,房地产的兴旺,人开始大量消费,这是经济成熟期。跟着大家都想消费不想生产,生产成本增加,工业开始减弱,这时的经济依赖于金融和房地产,这叫经济第五阶段,也就是所谓的衰退期。英国这个经济五阶段在全世界各地不断地重复又重复。英国在1930年进入经济第五阶段,美国1850年进入经济第一阶段,而美国现在也进入经济第五阶段,日本在1880年进入经济第一阶段,香港1950年就进入第三期。而现在香港也进入了经济第五阶段。而现在还停留在经济第二阶段,第三阶段的只有中国和印度。我相信到达某个阶段,全世界都会进入第五阶段,全世界进入衰退期。因为经济有这样的特色,英国的模式能帮助我们去分析美国的经济模式,而在美国发生的模式又可以帮助我们去分析日本的模式,日本发生的事情也可以用来分析香港特区和中国。因为中国起步迟,所以我们现在看到高增长期。英国由于没前人可借鉴,五个模式走了150年,美国借鉴英国的经验,只用了100年时间,到了日本只用了80年时间,亚洲四小龙完成五个模式只用了60年。香港最繁荣的时代是1967-1997年,这是我强调的黄金30年。当时恒生指数同1967年的64点到了97年的16820,升幅是250倍。这是投资黄金30年,无论你买股票,买楼,做生意,就像在肥沃的土地的播种一样,加上气候适宜,每年都大丰收。
很幸运,我在1967年开始工作,碰上这个黄金30年,不是你聪明,而是社会令到你的财富急促上升,1万元的财富30年间上升到250万,而这还是一般,如果你在高峰的时候抛货,低的时候再买入,这样的回报是500倍。可惜我们跟我们的祖先亚当、夏娃一样不知道我们住在伊甸园享受上帝的祝福,跑去偷吃了禁果。上帝说,吃了禁果,男的必须努力工作才能获取食物,女的更惨,为了生孩子,痛苦一生,所以的痛苦一生是指包括没有孩子之前每月流血一次,生孩子的时候痛得要命,生完孩子牵肠挂肚,养儿一百岁,长忧九十九。这是因为我们的祖先不听上帝的话,跑去偷吃禁果。而我们的现在也吃了禁果,从现在起投资必须努力工作获得回报。从1997年到现在,股市只有波幅却没有升幅,从97年的16800点到05年都只有14000点,恒生指数不是反幅上升而只有波动。在一个上升周期,你只要持有一些股票,你都可以发达。最坏也只是跑输别人,但在一个波动中,你每一次买错股票,都是痛不欲生。97年7月到现在能赚到钱的人都是努力工作去获取食物,而大部份人就像我们的妈妈一样,为了生育孩子而痛苦一生。不劳而获这四个字是很吸引,到了今时今日,很多人还是喜欢去马场,喜欢去澳门和何生(葡京赌场的老板)聊天。不劳而获这个想法是深入每个投资者的心里,而事实上在1967年到1997年这三十年股票市场提供了不劳而获给我们。对不起,我要告诉你,当你摘了禁里,你一定要很努力工作才能获得食物,由1997年到今天,投资已经变得逆水行舟,事倍功半,进入“二元经济”,20%投资者是成功的,而80%是失败的,现在玩的不是财富增长,而是财富大转移,你的财富的得,是其他投资者的失。而且是1:4,5个投资者才会产生1个成功的投资者。因为香港的物业市场由1997年进入熊市,股票市场在2000年进入熊市,未来是上上落落,再不是一口气的上升。因为我们的经济已进入发展的第五阶段。中国大陆比香港特区好,因为香港的黄金投资期由1967年开始,而中国由1980年开始,甚至80年成立深圳特区到今天也都已经25年了,可以这么说,中国的黄金投资期都接近末端。还有过去的历史没有告诉我们黄金投资期一定是30年,美国的黄金投资期由1932-1966年结束,前后34年。日本黄金投资期由1964年开始,1990年结束,前后26年。根据俄罗斯经济学家康迪夫的理论,长周期是55-65年,因为制造业带来的财富上升只有15年,例如香港由1950年开始到1966年,当时香港的繁荣来自制造业,然后就进入所谓的投资带动的黄金投资期,通常是25-35年,而后来证明香港1967-1997年,总共30年。1997后就开始动荡。如果我们参考美国和日本的所谓的第五周期,美国1966-1982年才进入知识产权型的经济,总共16年,如果没估错的是,2003年刚刚结束痛苦期,前后14年。香港从1997年到现在也是8-9年,未来可能也是升升跌跌的状态。如果用250天移动平均数来恒量,每一次低过250天移动平均数的10-15%,通常是入市的时机,每一次超高250天移动平均数10-15%都是离市的时机。
在这里我澄清一件事,因为我看了许多分析员将250天移动平均数作为牛熊分界线,我看了全世界这么多的财经书藉只有香港有牛熊分界线这东西,因为牛市熊市理论是道氏理论,是1900年出现,那时候是没有移动平均数,所以250天平均数绝对,绝对不是牛熊分界线。它只是轴心,当股票市场在经济第一周期、第二周期的时候向上,它是阻力线,也就是说每一次当它接近250天平均线时是入货的时机,破了250平均线就可能急跌。但大多数都是在250天平均线左右。在1997年之后,我们进入了经济循环第五周期的震荡期,250天平均线就成为了轴心,市场围绕平均线转动,低于平均线越多,股市反弹的机会就越大,高于平均线越多,股市回落的机会就越大,因为我们不是反覆上升,我们是在炒震荡。在震荡中,不同的行业有不同的表现,所谓的盛衰循环周期。举个很简单的例子:1997年-2003年是房地产的衰退期,经过了6年的衰退,通常反弹跌幅的1/3也就是2年,2003年6月左右到2005年6月左右结束,这是最小升幅,如果大家看过波浪理论都会明白。最大反弹在50%左右,也就在2006年左右就结束,确切的结束日期不要问我,因为我也不知道,
但这个周期是接近结束了。航运业比房地产更惨,它从1975年一直到2002都是那么差,低迷了十多年,所以它的反弹强一点点,2002年开始反弹,但我也很担心它今年也接近结束,因为我们现在是在炒盛衰市。另外一方面,因为利息的回落,银利股有所上升,我也很担心差不多结束。以前人家问我,我随便就介绍人家买汇丰银行,因为我相信利息会低,所以90年代人家问我,我都叫他买汇丰银行,因为这样说不用用脑想,但是2004年6月开始,利息上升,我很担心汇丰银行都进入了上落市而不是按年上升,买汇丰银行发达的日子在2004年结束。
我崇拜的另外一个女性载卓尔夫人,她有一句话,我很记得,在这里和大家分享一下。“It’s Funny over”,很有趣。你现在看一下,这个世界真是挺有趣的,我们每个人都以为自己是理性分析,但我们所有的行为95%都是非理性的,大部份人买房子是“我喜欢”而不是深入分析。我也取笑过一些地产商,“你们真是厉害”,地产商问为什么。我答,“我开车开到‘法国南部’(注:香港一楼盘,这里指在路上被楼盘的广告吸引到去买房子)”。今时今日买楼,他们推销的是你的想象能力,而不是你的负担能力。我和林森池是老朋友,他经常说,老曹你告诉人家要分析啊。我说,你放心,没人分析的,没人用眼去看股票的,他们用耳,耳耳代目,一个流言对股价的影响大过你林森池开个讲座告诉人家买中移动,中石油。为什么?因为我们喜欢先行而三思而不是三思而后行。大部份人买完一只股,才问人,“这股票好不好?”而不是问了别人“这股票好不好?”再去买股。像我们这些老家伙,经常想啊想,想一下又怕,想一下又怕,股价就升到高位了,自己还在想。
这个世界分两类人,一类是像我和林森池一样的所谓资深分析师,经常在想而不去买。第二类人,你问他怎么看,他说看好,你信不信,第二天股市跌了,你问他,他就说不会看了。原来另外一些分析员,今天看多,明天就看淡。因为他自己都不知道自己是看好还是看淡。所以我同意载卓尔夫人的“这世界越来越有趣”。另一个是投资入门看的书,Paul A. Samuelson(保罗.萨缪尔森)写的,1971年出版的《Enconomics》,(经济学)[这本书应该不是1971年出版的],许多经济学专业的学生看的第一本书都是这本,Paul A.Samuelson在接受访问时都说,“我们现在进入了一个迷幻的经济世代”,连这样老资格的都被现在的经济迷惑。现在Hong King教育只教我们学习,不教我们做决定,甚至连教我们的大学教授都经常作出错误决定,大有大错,小有小错,大家一起错。
作决定有几步曲:一、先进行资料搜集,二、反复研究,三、作出理性分析。举个简单例子,中学毕业时你想到外国读书还是在港学习,读哪间学校,学费多少,什么专业。你最好想清楚,和父母商量一下财政能力,作出分析后做决定,一步步将自己的理想去实现,就千万不要这个月去了澳洲,下个月去了非洲,又去了欧洲。如果你每个月去一个地方读大学,那么肯定就一事无成。现在许多人买股票的也是这样,一月买汇丰,二月买中移动,三月就不知买什么好,买到自己都乱了不知道买什么好,还以为自己是投资专家。不应该这样,买股票之前应该想清想楚,想清想楚后买错了咋办?有个方法,就是我经常说的止损。当一个股票买进入后跌了10-15%,你应该考虑一下自己是不是看错市,如果再跌,就”no question ask”(不要再问问题),就像你到了非洲读书,发觉不对劲,就快跑了。止损是作为买保险,不要经常用啊!就像你买人寿保险,我真希望你不能拿,因为拿的时候就是死人啦。止损只是一种买保险的行为,而不是作为炒股票的安全网。所以当你做决定的时候,请先理性分析,如果事件的发展和你事前的估计不一样才行使止损,而不是买了股票就止损或止赚。止损是为了保护你自已“over-confidence”(过份自信)作出的错误决定的最后防线,不要乱用。另一方法是针对我自己的。年轻人太冲动,老人家想东西太多:定“时间底线”,当你看好一个行业时,你最好给两个星期时间自己去深入考虑,和朋友互相了解,两个星期后无论如何都要作出决定,不要只想不作决定。你不要跟我说,你看好的,但没买。这是没用的,你要看好并且买了才能赚到钱,所以你怎么看是不重要的,你怎么做才重要。我希望作决定这方面不要过份冲动和过份迟疑。就拿我减肥来说,减了十年,还是原地不动,
我们很多时候都给借口自己去做错事。当你买了股票之后,除了止损之外很多人教你止赚,其实止赚是不用别人教的。很多人赚了10%利润后,就止赚,因为我们忍受不了眼前的利益而忘了长远利益。我有胆说,今天很多人甚至看我日记的人手上持有黄金的人都很少了,因为黄金从250美元一安时升到现在的460美元,所有相信我持有黄金的人在280元美元抛了,320元抛了,“有人说不是,不要冤枉我!我360元才抛啊!”(这里可见曹仁超说话幽默)我们很喜欢止赚,其实当大趋势是对的,何必根根计较所谓的短线波幅而牺牲了长期利益。今时今日,我终于向我老婆承诺,每个月减一磅体重,我希望我可以坚持。减肥和止赚同样是很辛苦,当你有10-15%利润时,就如老外所说,“that’s snake in your heart”们心里有一条蛇咬我们,引诱我们去干坏事(获利回吞),然后就看着股票颠升,还说我看好它啊,我买了啊。别人问,那么你发达了?不是啊,我很早就获利回吞。大部份人都是这样,我自己在1991年持有汇丰银行,在1997年受不了获利回吞的引诱卖了,于是在2004年不断骂自己怎么那么笨!止赚这引诱和行使止损是很痛苦的学回来。今时今日,很多人问我,“你手上的黄金怎么样啊”。我答:“forget it”(忘记它)。你不要经常想着我手上黄金赚了多少。我只知道止赚是很难去掉的恶习(好股票为前提),我十年都去不掉这恶习。基辛格有个名言也很有趣:如果你自己人没目标,就很容易迷失方向。我不知道各位的人生目标是什么,但来这里听我讲座的恐怕跟我一样都是“发钱寒”,你怎么去完成“发钱寒”这目标呢?如果你是一名将军,现在带领一队军队去打仗,但说,“对不起,我没有策略,喜欢打就打,不喜欢打就跑”。这样的军队就永远不会打胜仗。所以,如果你为了“发钱寒”来参加这个研讨会,你需要制定一个策略去完成这个目标。另一方法:七个臭皮匠胜过一个诸葛亮,多找两个朋友商量是很有帮助的,但找很多朋友商量,你就一定迷失方向。还有一个方法是我妈妈教我的,但很不幸我妈妈两年前去世了,现在不能再教我。她以前说:“你不知道怎么能发达,就看已经发达的人怎么做,他怎么做我们就怎么做,那些不发达的就不要再模仿了”。也就是名师出高徒,就像林森池,我看着他从几万到现在这么富有(捐给香港大学的钱都捐1亿了),所以他说什么,我们就跟着做好了!有些什么的分析员,我看一下他的资料是负资产,那么就不要跟了。跟就跟个聪明的师傅才对。聪明的人在自己的失败之中吸取教训,笨了一次没所谓,笨两次就是你有问题了。更加聪明的人就从别人的失败当中找教训,甚至一次都不笨。另外我们经常所说的:自古成功在尝试。不要因为一次失败或者一次亏损就怕了投资,投资本身是需要不断尝试不断失败才达到成功的阶段。有人可能说,“这样死了天都还没亮”,对,失败是有许多定义的。也就是我所说的,“old soldier never die”(老兵永远不会死),因为他见惯了战场,见到飞机大炮就会闪。所以所谓的“失败”是小败,当你的投资本金亏损15%时,市场是没有错的,是你看错市。回去思考清楚,股票再跌5-10%时,你不走我就走,我从来不和钱作对。当你买入股票时,股票升10-15%时,别人叫你止赚时,就让人家赚,你不要赚。因为利润是越来越高的,老外说,“let profit run”(让利润往前跑),这个世界止赚的人都没有发达的。
在投资时保持平常心,不要认为自己了不起,也不要过分懒惰。几个老朋友共同研究是有用的,但打电话问功课,看报纸买股票(好像不应该说,因为林生经常说我拆他台),看电视买股票的人,我是没见过这样的人发达的。因为所有发达的人都是经过自己精心研究,制定自己的策略并将自己的策略实行才有成就。还有的是,我告诉你听,专家是很贵的,没有多少不收钱的专家,不收钱的专家通常是随便乱扯的,因为他自己都是没经过深入了解的。听他和不听他都是没关系的。最后的是,制定人生目标并严格执行。希望经过这次聚会能令大家在投资时减少10%损失,获利能力提升10%,这样本人就满足了。顺便在这里我要向证监说句对不起。因为他叫为大家做到的“成功投资你都行”,我是没办法答应大家的投资都顺利。因为从1997年开始,股票市场进入大起大落的年代,输家永远比赢家多。当然我希望我所有的读者与听我话的人成为赢家的少数,但这不容易。
我对未来的看法是:我自己很相信,从去年3月开始起,香港像60年代的美国一样,有的股份上,有的股份下,没规律可言。到了2006年,增长股越来越难求,现在见到的都是周期上升周期下降的股票,而没有真正的增长股。因为从1997年到现在的香港的GDP也是一时好一时坏。很不幸因为我们已吃了“禁果”,从97年开始,持有股票,持有房产发达的年代已过去,未来,男生要成功就必须努力工作,女生要成功就必须承受痛苦(指生儿育女,美满家庭)。
最近的例子:巴菲特这个我崇拜了20多年的偶像,他因为看淡美金,今年就损失了9亿多美金。最近大家又听说李嘉诚买长江的股票,那么跟不跟呢?我告诉你听,如果你十月份跟李嘉诚买长江的股票,你输了!另外美国有个很有钱的人动用了27亿美金买通用汽车的股票,结果上个星期五,通用汽车的股价是十年的新低,所以我要告诉你的第二件事是,在股票市场,很多人都说大户,散户,对不起,股票市场不管你是大户还是散户,股票市场只有两类人,第一类人叫赢家,第二类人叫输家。所以看市和你有多少钱是没关系的。
你想成为一个成功的投资者,还要考虑我常说的孤独感,做医生你医好了一个病人,你很满足。你开间工厂,你见到成千上万的工人,你也很满足。甚至当律师,你打赢了官司,你也会很满足。但是在投资领域,成功了,如果你满足而自满,摔一个跟斗就让你损失惨重。在投资市场里,当你最开心的时候,就是你最危险的时候。当每个人都悲观的时候,你可不可以保持冷静?当每个人乐观的时候,你可不可以还是清醒呢?所以我经常说,成功的投资者是很孤独的。因为你慢慢的会发觉你跟群众保持了一个距离,这是你一定要付出的代价。
第三件事是去年我和星展银行的董事总经理理walk张聊天,他说了几句话,我也认为大家要记住,他说,什么叫投资?投资就像你早上起床刷牙,洗脸,这是你每天都要做的。投资不是一跃而就,投资是需要你每天花5-10分钟去想一下自己有没有出错,或者自己的方向有没有错。天天都要检讨自己的计划是对还是错。如果你可以放下自己身份,你不以大户自居,专业人士自居,可以不跟群众走在一起,可以天天检讨自己的逻辑思维有没有错。如果你做到上面三点,你才可以做一个成功的投资者。
大家不要以为来听我几个小时的讲座就可以成为一个成功的投资者。对不起,这个世界没有这么便宜的事情,所有的回报,背后是无穷无尽的工作。我挺反感人们打电话去电台问“功课”,1号,怎么看?五号,怎么看?8号好像要跑出?大哥,我们不是赌马啊!不是扁低别人,你自己想一下吧,你去问的时候,你是很认真的去问,但我告诉你,人家只是随便的回答,他第二天都不记得自己说过什么了。你就信以为真,但你死了,人家都不知道你死了。所以我经常说,请不要打电话问功课,如果你喜欢长江实业,你就去研究长江实业。那些不是数字,那是一间实实在在的企业,他有资产负债表,纯利,有管理层等许多东西,不要当他是数字,这不是六合彩。可以这么说,任何东西,你要成功,你一定要做功课。其次是我经常说的大趋势。我在其它研讨会经常说的“有智慧不如趋势”。如果趋势是逆着你的,不管你是李嘉诚,你一样要死。公元2000年他请我吃饭,问我怎么看3G,我可能不是很会做人,我说:“我看淡”。他说,你看淡,我看好啊。我说,李生,你看好和我看淡,都改变不了3G的趋势。今年他跟我老板林生吃饭,他说,老曹是对的。李嘉诚也是改变不了3G的趋势。当趋势形成了,没有人可以改变,这是邓小平所说的,大气候与小气候不因人的主观愿望而改变,所以你就不要去做英雄改变时势,通常是时势令你成为英雄。这几个都是人的性格影响你投资是成功还是失败。
顺便在这里跟大家研究一下什么是大趋势,说起大趋势,就要说一下故事了,1780年,工业革命在英国开始,在英国工业革命我们发现经济是分五个阶段,我想所有读经济系的都明白,大部份社会开始的时候是传统的农业,人的生产力是很有限,交通不发达,贸易很少,依靠手工业。这是我们最喜欢说的“安贫乐道”阶段,这是18世纪全世界的现象。随后英国发明了蒸汽机开始工业革命,蒸汽机的发明引发了强大的生产力,强大的生产力引发了原料的需求,能源的上升,交通贸易等各方面的配合,这是经济第二阶段(经济起飞期,GDP向上增长)。第三阶段是工业的成就带来贸易的上升,人的财富一步步增长,产生了所谓的专业人士研究科技,法则,技术的改进。因为科技的改进,法例的改进等令到经济继续增长。第四阶段是各方面成就产生了所谓的金融需求,银行,保险等各方面需求,房地产的兴旺,人开始大量消费,这是经济成熟期。跟着大家都想消费不想生产,生产成本增加,工业开始减弱,这时的经济依赖于金融和房地产,这叫经济第五阶段,也就是所谓的衰退期。英国这个经济五阶段在全世界各地不断地重复又重复。英国在1930年进入经济第五阶段,美国1850年进入经济第一阶段,而美国现在也进入经济第五阶段,日本在1880年进入经济第一阶段,香港1950年就进入第三期。而现在香港也进入了经济第五阶段。而现在还停留在经济第二阶段,第三阶段的只有中国和印度。我相信到达某个阶段,全世界都会进入第五阶段,全世界进入衰退期。因为经济有这样的特色,英国的模式能帮助我们去分析美国的经济模式,而在美国发生的模式又可以帮助我们去分析日本的模式,日本发生的事情也可以用来分析香港特区和中国。因为中国起步迟,所以我们现在看到高增长期。英国由于没前人可借鉴,五个模式走了150年,美国借鉴英国的经验,只用了100年时间,到了日本只用了80年时间,亚洲四小龙完成五个模式只用了60年。香港最繁荣的时代是1967-1997年,这是我强调的黄金30年。当时恒生指数同1967年的64点到了97年的16820,升幅是250倍。这是投资黄金30年,无论你买股票,买楼,做生意,就像在肥沃的土地的播种一样,加上气候适宜,每年都大丰收。
很幸运,我在1967年开始工作,碰上这个黄金30年,不是你聪明,而是社会令到你的财富急促上升,1万元的财富30年间上升到250万,而这还是一般,如果你在高峰的时候抛货,低的时候再买入,这样的回报是500倍。可惜我们跟我们的祖先亚当、夏娃一样不知道我们住在伊甸园享受上帝的祝福,跑去偷吃了禁果。上帝说,吃了禁果,男的必须努力工作才能获取食物,女的更惨,为了生孩子,痛苦一生,所以的痛苦一生是指包括没有孩子之前每月流血一次,生孩子的时候痛得要命,生完孩子牵肠挂肚,养儿一百岁,长忧九十九。这是因为我们的祖先不听上帝的话,跑去偷吃禁果。而我们的现在也吃了禁果,从现在起投资必须努力工作获得回报。从1997年到现在,股市只有波幅却没有升幅,从97年的16800点到05年都只有14000点,恒生指数不是反幅上升而只有波动。在一个上升周期,你只要持有一些股票,你都可以发达。最坏也只是跑输别人,但在一个波动中,你每一次买错股票,都是痛不欲生。97年7月到现在能赚到钱的人都是努力工作去获取食物,而大部份人就像我们的妈妈一样,为了生育孩子而痛苦一生。不劳而获这四个字是很吸引,到了今时今日,很多人还是喜欢去马场,喜欢去澳门和何生(葡京赌场的老板)聊天。不劳而获这个想法是深入每个投资者的心里,而事实上在1967年到1997年这三十年股票市场提供了不劳而获给我们。对不起,我要告诉你,当你摘了禁里,你一定要很努力工作才能获得食物,由1997年到今天,投资已经变得逆水行舟,事倍功半,进入“二元经济”,20%投资者是成功的,而80%是失败的,现在玩的不是财富增长,而是财富大转移,你的财富的得,是其他投资者的失。而且是1:4,5个投资者才会产生1个成功的投资者。因为香港的物业市场由1997年进入熊市,股票市场在2000年进入熊市,未来是上上落落,再不是一口气的上升。因为我们的经济已进入发展的第五阶段。中国大陆比香港特区好,因为香港的黄金投资期由1967年开始,而中国由1980年开始,甚至80年成立深圳特区到今天也都已经25年了,可以这么说,中国的黄金投资期都接近末端。还有过去的历史没有告诉我们黄金投资期一定是30年,美国的黄金投资期由1932-1966年结束,前后34年。日本黄金投资期由1964年开始,1990年结束,前后26年。根据俄罗斯经济学家康迪夫的理论,长周期是55-65年,因为制造业带来的财富上升只有15年,例如香港由1950年开始到1966年,当时香港的繁荣来自制造业,然后就进入所谓的投资带动的黄金投资期,通常是25-35年,而后来证明香港1967-1997年,总共30年。1997后就开始动荡。如果我们参考美国和日本的所谓的第五周期,美国1966-1982年才进入知识产权型的经济,总共16年,如果没估错的是,2003年刚刚结束痛苦期,前后14年。香港从1997年到现在也是8-9年,未来可能也是升升跌跌的状态。如果用250天移动平均数来恒量,每一次低过250天移动平均数的10-15%,通常是入市的时机,每一次超高250天移动平均数10-15%都是离市的时机。
在这里我澄清一件事,因为我看了许多分析员将250天移动平均数作为牛熊分界线,我看了全世界这么多的财经书藉只有香港有牛熊分界线这东西,因为牛市熊市理论是道氏理论,是1900年出现,那时候是没有移动平均数,所以250天平均数绝对,绝对不是牛熊分界线。它只是轴心,当股票市场在经济第一周期、第二周期的时候向上,它是阻力线,也就是说每一次当它接近250天平均线时是入货的时机,破了250平均线就可能急跌。但大多数都是在250天平均线左右。在1997年之后,我们进入了经济循环第五周期的震荡期,250天平均线就成为了轴心,市场围绕平均线转动,低于平均线越多,股市反弹的机会就越大,高于平均线越多,股市回落的机会就越大,因为我们不是反覆上升,我们是在炒震荡。在震荡中,不同的行业有不同的表现,所谓的盛衰循环周期。举个很简单的例子:1997年-2003年是房地产的衰退期,经过了6年的衰退,通常反弹跌幅的1/3也就是2年,2003年6月左右到2005年6月左右结束,这是最小升幅,如果大家看过波浪理论都会明白。最大反弹在50%左右,也就在2006年左右就结束,确切的结束日期不要问我,因为我也不知道,
但这个周期是接近结束了。航运业比房地产更惨,它从1975年一直到2002都是那么差,低迷了十多年,所以它的反弹强一点点,2002年开始反弹,但我也很担心它今年也接近结束,因为我们现在是在炒盛衰市。另外一方面,因为利息的回落,银利股有所上升,我也很担心差不多结束。以前人家问我,我随便就介绍人家买汇丰银行,因为我相信利息会低,所以90年代人家问我,我都叫他买汇丰银行,因为这样说不用用脑想,但是2004年6月开始,利息上升,我很担心汇丰银行都进入了上落市而不是按年上升,买汇丰银行发达的日子在2004年结束。
我崇拜的另外一个女性载卓尔夫人,她有一句话,我很记得,在这里和大家分享一下。“It’s Funny over”,很有趣。你现在看一下,这个世界真是挺有趣的,我们每个人都以为自己是理性分析,但我们所有的行为95%都是非理性的,大部份人买房子是“我喜欢”而不是深入分析。我也取笑过一些地产商,“你们真是厉害”,地产商问为什么。我答,“我开车开到‘法国南部’(注:香港一楼盘,这里指在路上被楼盘的广告吸引到去买房子)”。今时今日买楼,他们推销的是你的想象能力,而不是你的负担能力。我和林森池是老朋友,他经常说,老曹你告诉人家要分析啊。我说,你放心,没人分析的,没人用眼去看股票的,他们用耳,耳耳代目,一个流言对股价的影响大过你林森池开个讲座告诉人家买中移动,中石油。为什么?因为我们喜欢先行而三思而不是三思而后行。大部份人买完一只股,才问人,“这股票好不好?”而不是问了别人“这股票好不好?”再去买股。像我们这些老家伙,经常想啊想,想一下又怕,想一下又怕,股价就升到高位了,自己还在想。
这个世界分两类人,一类是像我和林森池一样的所谓资深分析师,经常在想而不去买。第二类人,你问他怎么看,他说看好,你信不信,第二天股市跌了,你问他,他就说不会看了。原来另外一些分析员,今天看多,明天就看淡。因为他自己都不知道自己是看好还是看淡。所以我同意载卓尔夫人的“这世界越来越有趣”。另一个是投资入门看的书,Paul A. Samuelson(保罗.萨缪尔森)写的,1971年出版的《Enconomics》,(经济学)[这本书应该不是1971年出版的],许多经济学专业的学生看的第一本书都是这本,Paul A.Samuelson在接受访问时都说,“我们现在进入了一个迷幻的经济世代”,连这样老资格的都被现在的经济迷惑。现在Hong King教育只教我们学习,不教我们做决定,甚至连教我们的大学教授都经常作出错误决定,大有大错,小有小错,大家一起错。
作决定有几步曲:一、先进行资料搜集,二、反复研究,三、作出理性分析。举个简单例子,中学毕业时你想到外国读书还是在港学习,读哪间学校,学费多少,什么专业。你最好想清楚,和父母商量一下财政能力,作出分析后做决定,一步步将自己的理想去实现,就千万不要这个月去了澳洲,下个月去了非洲,又去了欧洲。如果你每个月去一个地方读大学,那么肯定就一事无成。现在许多人买股票的也是这样,一月买汇丰,二月买中移动,三月就不知买什么好,买到自己都乱了不知道买什么好,还以为自己是投资专家。不应该这样,买股票之前应该想清想楚,想清想楚后买错了咋办?有个方法,就是我经常说的止损。当一个股票买进入后跌了10-15%,你应该考虑一下自己是不是看错市,如果再跌,就”no question ask”(不要再问问题),就像你到了非洲读书,发觉不对劲,就快跑了。止损是作为买保险,不要经常用啊!就像你买人寿保险,我真希望你不能拿,因为拿的时候就是死人啦。止损只是一种买保险的行为,而不是作为炒股票的安全网。所以当你做决定的时候,请先理性分析,如果事件的发展和你事前的估计不一样才行使止损,而不是买了股票就止损或止赚。止损是为了保护你自已“over-confidence”(过份自信)作出的错误决定的最后防线,不要乱用。另一方法是针对我自己的。年轻人太冲动,老人家想东西太多:定“时间底线”,当你看好一个行业时,你最好给两个星期时间自己去深入考虑,和朋友互相了解,两个星期后无论如何都要作出决定,不要只想不作决定。你不要跟我说,你看好的,但没买。这是没用的,你要看好并且买了才能赚到钱,所以你怎么看是不重要的,你怎么做才重要。我希望作决定这方面不要过份冲动和过份迟疑。就拿我减肥来说,减了十年,还是原地不动,
我们很多时候都给借口自己去做错事。当你买了股票之后,除了止损之外很多人教你止赚,其实止赚是不用别人教的。很多人赚了10%利润后,就止赚,因为我们忍受不了眼前的利益而忘了长远利益。我有胆说,今天很多人甚至看我日记的人手上持有黄金的人都很少了,因为黄金从250美元一安时升到现在的460美元,所有相信我持有黄金的人在280元美元抛了,320元抛了,“有人说不是,不要冤枉我!我360元才抛啊!”(这里可见曹仁超说话幽默)我们很喜欢止赚,其实当大趋势是对的,何必根根计较所谓的短线波幅而牺牲了长期利益。今时今日,我终于向我老婆承诺,每个月减一磅体重,我希望我可以坚持。减肥和止赚同样是很辛苦,当你有10-15%利润时,就如老外所说,“that’s snake in your heart”们心里有一条蛇咬我们,引诱我们去干坏事(获利回吞),然后就看着股票颠升,还说我看好它啊,我买了啊。别人问,那么你发达了?不是啊,我很早就获利回吞。大部份人都是这样,我自己在1991年持有汇丰银行,在1997年受不了获利回吞的引诱卖了,于是在2004年不断骂自己怎么那么笨!止赚这引诱和行使止损是很痛苦的学回来。今时今日,很多人问我,“你手上的黄金怎么样啊”。我答:“forget it”(忘记它)。你不要经常想着我手上黄金赚了多少。我只知道止赚是很难去掉的恶习(好股票为前提),我十年都去不掉这恶习。基辛格有个名言也很有趣:如果你自己人没目标,就很容易迷失方向。我不知道各位的人生目标是什么,但来这里听我讲座的恐怕跟我一样都是“发钱寒”,你怎么去完成“发钱寒”这目标呢?如果你是一名将军,现在带领一队军队去打仗,但说,“对不起,我没有策略,喜欢打就打,不喜欢打就跑”。这样的军队就永远不会打胜仗。所以,如果你为了“发钱寒”来参加这个研讨会,你需要制定一个策略去完成这个目标。另一方法:七个臭皮匠胜过一个诸葛亮,多找两个朋友商量是很有帮助的,但找很多朋友商量,你就一定迷失方向。还有一个方法是我妈妈教我的,但很不幸我妈妈两年前去世了,现在不能再教我。她以前说:“你不知道怎么能发达,就看已经发达的人怎么做,他怎么做我们就怎么做,那些不发达的就不要再模仿了”。也就是名师出高徒,就像林森池,我看着他从几万到现在这么富有(捐给香港大学的钱都捐1亿了),所以他说什么,我们就跟着做好了!有些什么的分析员,我看一下他的资料是负资产,那么就不要跟了。跟就跟个聪明的师傅才对。聪明的人在自己的失败之中吸取教训,笨了一次没所谓,笨两次就是你有问题了。更加聪明的人就从别人的失败当中找教训,甚至一次都不笨。另外我们经常所说的:自古成功在尝试。不要因为一次失败或者一次亏损就怕了投资,投资本身是需要不断尝试不断失败才达到成功的阶段。有人可能说,“这样死了天都还没亮”,对,失败是有许多定义的。也就是我所说的,“old soldier never die”(老兵永远不会死),因为他见惯了战场,见到飞机大炮就会闪。所以所谓的“失败”是小败,当你的投资本金亏损15%时,市场是没有错的,是你看错市。回去思考清楚,股票再跌5-10%时,你不走我就走,我从来不和钱作对。当你买入股票时,股票升10-15%时,别人叫你止赚时,就让人家赚,你不要赚。因为利润是越来越高的,老外说,“let profit run”(让利润往前跑),这个世界止赚的人都没有发达的。
在投资时保持平常心,不要认为自己了不起,也不要过分懒惰。几个老朋友共同研究是有用的,但打电话问功课,看报纸买股票(好像不应该说,因为林生经常说我拆他台),看电视买股票的人,我是没见过这样的人发达的。因为所有发达的人都是经过自己精心研究,制定自己的策略并将自己的策略实行才有成就。还有的是,我告诉你听,专家是很贵的,没有多少不收钱的专家,不收钱的专家通常是随便乱扯的,因为他自己都是没经过深入了解的。听他和不听他都是没关系的。最后的是,制定人生目标并严格执行。希望经过这次聚会能令大家在投资时减少10%损失,获利能力提升10%,这样本人就满足了。顺便在这里我要向证监说句对不起。因为他叫为大家做到的“成功投资你都行”,我是没办法答应大家的投资都顺利。因为从1997年开始,股票市场进入大起大落的年代,输家永远比赢家多。当然我希望我所有的读者与听我话的人成为赢家的少数,但这不容易。
我对未来的看法是:我自己很相信,从去年3月开始起,香港像60年代的美国一样,有的股份上,有的股份下,没规律可言。到了2006年,增长股越来越难求,现在见到的都是周期上升周期下降的股票,而没有真正的增长股。因为从1997年到现在的香港的GDP也是一时好一时坏。很不幸因为我们已吃了“禁果”,从97年开始,持有股票,持有房产发达的年代已过去,未来,男生要成功就必须努力工作,女生要成功就必须承受痛苦(指生儿育女,美满家庭)。
Credit Cards? No, thanks
Fed up with the financial woes that he got mired into because of his unchecked credit-card expenditure, Mr Ryan Soh decided to get rid of his six credit cards. Now, he uses only debit cards.
'That was about four years ago. I incurred a credit-card debt of $40,000 over a four-year period. I was careless with my expenditure and did not really look into the credit-card charges,' he said.
'So I have decided I do not need credit cards. Now, I have two debit cards. It is better to have money debited straight from my bank account. I now spend what I can afford.'
Having learnt how to manage his finances the hard way, Mr Soh, 30, now wants to help others. Last year, he set up a financial firm, Young Entrepreneurs' Secrets, with two friends. His personal investment in the firm was $150,000. They launched a MoneyTree programme which promises to inculcate money management skills in children and young adults, aged nine to 22.
So far, the MoneyTree programme has trained more than 2,000 youth via face-to-face coaching sessions, boot camps, workbooks and an e-learning portal.
Besides Singapore, the programme has been conducted in Malaysia and Hong Kong.
Being an entrepreneur is not something alien to Mr Soh. His father owns a construction firm and his mother ran her own optical shop for 23 years before becoming a housewife. He recalled helping out at her shop when he was just six. When he graduated from the Singapore Polytechnic with a diploma in mechanical engineering in 1998, he joined his father's firm as a project coordinator for a year before striking out on his own.
He is planning to marry Ms Jamie Siew, 30, a manager at a statutory board, in December.
Q: Why did you want to be an entrepreneur?
Having read widely on self-improvement books and exchanged views with many like-minded entrepreneurs, I have become a firm believer in multiple sources of income and I believe that earning a fixed pay cheque every month is never the only option. The challenge of running a business motivates me and hypes me up. This spirit is seldom found when you work for somebody.
Q: What are your money habits?
I used to be careless with my credit-card expenditure but I have since got rid of them and now use only debit cards. I spend only when necessary, with the occasional indulgence to 'reward' myself.
When I have a goal in mind, I focus on earning the money to get me what I want. This is a more proactive approach to getting on with life rather than
'living within one's means'. Of course, this is not to say that we should all be mercenary and pursue the finer things in life. Ultimately, we should be responsible in keeping a healthy financial balance. At least 10 per cent of my income goes into savings.
Q: What financial planning have you done for yourself?
My main focus now is on building my businesses. As I have a conservative risk appetite, I am now looking into investing in financial vehicles like real estate investment trusts (Reits) and unit trusts. I am in the process of comparing things like risk, return and time frame.
Q: What is your investment philosophy?
I believe the only person who has a genuine interest in building one's wealth is oneself. Therefore, I have second thoughts when bankers or consultants forecast promising returns and do not highlight the risks clearly to investors. At the end of the day, one has to be responsible and exercise due diligence on the wide array of sophisticated investment instruments before investing.
Q: Any other investments?
I started an Internet marketing business two years ago and it is generating a steady income of $1,000 to $2,000 a month. Early last year, I set up an information technology business, the main focus of which is to create corporate websites based on Web 2.0 technology. It is giving me annual returns of up to 20 per cent.
Q: Money-wise, what were your growing-up years like?
I come from a family of five and I am the middle child. When I was seven, my dad's construction business ran into some financial difficulties. We had to tighten our belts and we moved from our terrace house in Pasir Panjang to a rented three-room flat. Even our three meals got simpler. They consisted mainly of porridge and black soya sauce for two years. It was a big contrast to enjoying bird's nest soup when his business was doing well.
Dad's business managed to turn around when I was in my teens. It was a period I would never forget and the switch in lifestyle left a deep impression on me. Coupled with my credit-card woes later, I learnt that money can come and go without proper management and a right mindset.
Q: What has been a bad investment?
An investment made six years ago. It was a health-care business and I lost around $80,000 over four years because of running overheads and cash-flow problems. I learnt that having multiple sources of income is important, which is why I have started to develop small channels of business for income.
Q: Your best investment to date?
My current business, MoneyTree. MoneyTree is my flagship business, established to teach financial wisdom to kids and young adults. It was founded with two friends, Mr Low Chiu Hwa and Mr Jacky Chong.
We saw many kids with straight As, who became high-fliers, but ended up bankrupt. We want to make a point that keeping money is as important as earning it, and that positive habits have to be built from young.
It costs between $600 and $900 a person for either a two-day course or a weekly modular course for six months.
Q: What is your retirement plan?
To be financially free at the age of 40.
'That was about four years ago. I incurred a credit-card debt of $40,000 over a four-year period. I was careless with my expenditure and did not really look into the credit-card charges,' he said.
'So I have decided I do not need credit cards. Now, I have two debit cards. It is better to have money debited straight from my bank account. I now spend what I can afford.'
Having learnt how to manage his finances the hard way, Mr Soh, 30, now wants to help others. Last year, he set up a financial firm, Young Entrepreneurs' Secrets, with two friends. His personal investment in the firm was $150,000. They launched a MoneyTree programme which promises to inculcate money management skills in children and young adults, aged nine to 22.
So far, the MoneyTree programme has trained more than 2,000 youth via face-to-face coaching sessions, boot camps, workbooks and an e-learning portal.
Besides Singapore, the programme has been conducted in Malaysia and Hong Kong.
Being an entrepreneur is not something alien to Mr Soh. His father owns a construction firm and his mother ran her own optical shop for 23 years before becoming a housewife. He recalled helping out at her shop when he was just six. When he graduated from the Singapore Polytechnic with a diploma in mechanical engineering in 1998, he joined his father's firm as a project coordinator for a year before striking out on his own.
He is planning to marry Ms Jamie Siew, 30, a manager at a statutory board, in December.
Q: Why did you want to be an entrepreneur?
Having read widely on self-improvement books and exchanged views with many like-minded entrepreneurs, I have become a firm believer in multiple sources of income and I believe that earning a fixed pay cheque every month is never the only option. The challenge of running a business motivates me and hypes me up. This spirit is seldom found when you work for somebody.
Q: What are your money habits?
I used to be careless with my credit-card expenditure but I have since got rid of them and now use only debit cards. I spend only when necessary, with the occasional indulgence to 'reward' myself.
When I have a goal in mind, I focus on earning the money to get me what I want. This is a more proactive approach to getting on with life rather than
'living within one's means'. Of course, this is not to say that we should all be mercenary and pursue the finer things in life. Ultimately, we should be responsible in keeping a healthy financial balance. At least 10 per cent of my income goes into savings.
Q: What financial planning have you done for yourself?
My main focus now is on building my businesses. As I have a conservative risk appetite, I am now looking into investing in financial vehicles like real estate investment trusts (Reits) and unit trusts. I am in the process of comparing things like risk, return and time frame.
Q: What is your investment philosophy?
I believe the only person who has a genuine interest in building one's wealth is oneself. Therefore, I have second thoughts when bankers or consultants forecast promising returns and do not highlight the risks clearly to investors. At the end of the day, one has to be responsible and exercise due diligence on the wide array of sophisticated investment instruments before investing.
Q: Any other investments?
I started an Internet marketing business two years ago and it is generating a steady income of $1,000 to $2,000 a month. Early last year, I set up an information technology business, the main focus of which is to create corporate websites based on Web 2.0 technology. It is giving me annual returns of up to 20 per cent.
Q: Money-wise, what were your growing-up years like?
I come from a family of five and I am the middle child. When I was seven, my dad's construction business ran into some financial difficulties. We had to tighten our belts and we moved from our terrace house in Pasir Panjang to a rented three-room flat. Even our three meals got simpler. They consisted mainly of porridge and black soya sauce for two years. It was a big contrast to enjoying bird's nest soup when his business was doing well.
Dad's business managed to turn around when I was in my teens. It was a period I would never forget and the switch in lifestyle left a deep impression on me. Coupled with my credit-card woes later, I learnt that money can come and go without proper management and a right mindset.
Q: What has been a bad investment?
An investment made six years ago. It was a health-care business and I lost around $80,000 over four years because of running overheads and cash-flow problems. I learnt that having multiple sources of income is important, which is why I have started to develop small channels of business for income.
Q: Your best investment to date?
My current business, MoneyTree. MoneyTree is my flagship business, established to teach financial wisdom to kids and young adults. It was founded with two friends, Mr Low Chiu Hwa and Mr Jacky Chong.
We saw many kids with straight As, who became high-fliers, but ended up bankrupt. We want to make a point that keeping money is as important as earning it, and that positive habits have to be built from young.
It costs between $600 and $900 a person for either a two-day course or a weekly modular course for six months.
Q: What is your retirement plan?
To be financially free at the age of 40.
Would Benjamin Graham buy financial stocks now?
Inquiring minds want to know: What would Graham do?
This column, named after Benjamin Graham’s classic book on value investing, launched only two weeks ago — and several readers have already asked whether Graham would be loading up on financial stocks now. Unfortunately, I can’t ask the great investor directly. Graham died in 1976. But a close look at his writings suggests that the answer is unambiguous: No.
That may seem surprising. After all, by mid-July, the Dow Jones Wilshire Financials index was down 46% from one year earlier. It’s such big red numbers that get value investors licking their chops.
Even after rising over 30% in the past week, the 1,001 financial stocks tracked by Dow Jones Indexes are trading at an average of just 1.1 times their book value (assets minus liabilities). Before bank stocks climbed part way out of the crypt, you could buy Wachovia Corp. for 51% of reported book value. If that isn’t Ben Graham territory, what is?
To see why I think Graham would sit on his hands, you need to understand his crucial distinction between investment and speculation. “An investment operation,” he wrote in his first book, Security Analysis, “is one which, upon thorough analysis, promises safety of principal and a satisfactory return. Operations not meeting these requirements are speculative.”
Trained as a mathematician and Greek and Latin scholar, Graham crafted his definition with the stark rigor of a Euclidean theorem. He wanted no weaseling about what he meant. All three, not just one or two, conditions have to be met: Your analysis must be thorough, your principal stay safe and your expectations be reasonable. “Thorough analysis” demands “the study of the facts in the light of established standards of safety and value,” while “safety of principal” means “protection against loss under all normal or reasonably likely conditions or variations.”
You cannot even pretend to be protected against loss while real estate prices — the wobbly foundation for most financial stocks — are still crumbling.
Nor can you study the facts when it’s unclear what the facts are. Each quarter, the banks set money aside in reserve against losses on their loan portfolios and say they believe those reserves should be adequate. The next quarter, they find out they were wrong. Loan-loss provisions at Washington Mutual, for example, have mushroomed from $967 million to $1.5 billion to $3.5 billion to $5.9 billion over the past four quarters.
The banks aren’t lying; they’re guessing. Whenever bankers talk themselves into believing that their assets are as liquid as stocks and bonds, they end up holding some stuff so rotten that you might not be able to unload it for a nickel at closing time in a fish market. That’s why Graham warned decades ago that bank stocks are “a dangerous medium for widespread public dealings,” prone to “absurd overvaluation” and “violent fluctuations.” That’s exactly the sort of warning people forget in financial boom times, as we had until last year – and in any bounce off the bottom, as we had earlier last week.
Financial CEOs could cast a vote of confidence in the future of their companies — and give an immediate boost to the value of each share — by buying back stock massively at these levels. Instead, share buybacks in the financial sector have fallen by two-thirds since the beginning of last year, to just $14 billion in the first quarter of 2008. Stuck in what Standard & Poor’s analyst Howard Silverblatt calls “a state of shock and dismay,” the heads of financial companies lack the cash or the confidence — or both — to buy in their own shares. If they can’t or won’t buy, why should you?
Don’t get me wrong. I’m not saying there’s no money to be made on financials in the next couple of years. But the potential for further losses is at least as great as the odds of big gains. When bankers themselves have no clue what their own assets are worth, there’s no way most outsiders can determine which stocks are undervalued and which cannot be valued.
Graham warned that speculation is most dangerous when you delude yourself into thinking you are investing, take it seriously and risk more money than you can afford to lose. Many people who stampeded into financials over the past few days may end up wishing they had heeded Graham’s advice. For many banks, the nightmare has only begun.
If you are still tempted to bottom-fish for financial flounder, at least diversify. Consider Vanguard Financials or iShares Dow Jones U.S. Financial Sector. Each of these exchange-traded funds holds hundreds of financial and real-estate stocks. VFX charges $2.20 in annual expenses per $1,000 invested; IYF charges $4.80. (Disclosure: Dow Jones, publisher of this newspaper, receives a portion of IYF’s expenses as a licensing fee.) Whatever you do, use only the money you were salting away for that trip to Las Vegas.
This column, named after Benjamin Graham’s classic book on value investing, launched only two weeks ago — and several readers have already asked whether Graham would be loading up on financial stocks now. Unfortunately, I can’t ask the great investor directly. Graham died in 1976. But a close look at his writings suggests that the answer is unambiguous: No.
That may seem surprising. After all, by mid-July, the Dow Jones Wilshire Financials index was down 46% from one year earlier. It’s such big red numbers that get value investors licking their chops.
Even after rising over 30% in the past week, the 1,001 financial stocks tracked by Dow Jones Indexes are trading at an average of just 1.1 times their book value (assets minus liabilities). Before bank stocks climbed part way out of the crypt, you could buy Wachovia Corp. for 51% of reported book value. If that isn’t Ben Graham territory, what is?
To see why I think Graham would sit on his hands, you need to understand his crucial distinction between investment and speculation. “An investment operation,” he wrote in his first book, Security Analysis, “is one which, upon thorough analysis, promises safety of principal and a satisfactory return. Operations not meeting these requirements are speculative.”
Trained as a mathematician and Greek and Latin scholar, Graham crafted his definition with the stark rigor of a Euclidean theorem. He wanted no weaseling about what he meant. All three, not just one or two, conditions have to be met: Your analysis must be thorough, your principal stay safe and your expectations be reasonable. “Thorough analysis” demands “the study of the facts in the light of established standards of safety and value,” while “safety of principal” means “protection against loss under all normal or reasonably likely conditions or variations.”
You cannot even pretend to be protected against loss while real estate prices — the wobbly foundation for most financial stocks — are still crumbling.
Nor can you study the facts when it’s unclear what the facts are. Each quarter, the banks set money aside in reserve against losses on their loan portfolios and say they believe those reserves should be adequate. The next quarter, they find out they were wrong. Loan-loss provisions at Washington Mutual, for example, have mushroomed from $967 million to $1.5 billion to $3.5 billion to $5.9 billion over the past four quarters.
The banks aren’t lying; they’re guessing. Whenever bankers talk themselves into believing that their assets are as liquid as stocks and bonds, they end up holding some stuff so rotten that you might not be able to unload it for a nickel at closing time in a fish market. That’s why Graham warned decades ago that bank stocks are “a dangerous medium for widespread public dealings,” prone to “absurd overvaluation” and “violent fluctuations.” That’s exactly the sort of warning people forget in financial boom times, as we had until last year – and in any bounce off the bottom, as we had earlier last week.
Financial CEOs could cast a vote of confidence in the future of their companies — and give an immediate boost to the value of each share — by buying back stock massively at these levels. Instead, share buybacks in the financial sector have fallen by two-thirds since the beginning of last year, to just $14 billion in the first quarter of 2008. Stuck in what Standard & Poor’s analyst Howard Silverblatt calls “a state of shock and dismay,” the heads of financial companies lack the cash or the confidence — or both — to buy in their own shares. If they can’t or won’t buy, why should you?
Don’t get me wrong. I’m not saying there’s no money to be made on financials in the next couple of years. But the potential for further losses is at least as great as the odds of big gains. When bankers themselves have no clue what their own assets are worth, there’s no way most outsiders can determine which stocks are undervalued and which cannot be valued.
Graham warned that speculation is most dangerous when you delude yourself into thinking you are investing, take it seriously and risk more money than you can afford to lose. Many people who stampeded into financials over the past few days may end up wishing they had heeded Graham’s advice. For many banks, the nightmare has only begun.
If you are still tempted to bottom-fish for financial flounder, at least diversify. Consider Vanguard Financials or iShares Dow Jones U.S. Financial Sector. Each of these exchange-traded funds holds hundreds of financial and real-estate stocks. VFX charges $2.20 in annual expenses per $1,000 invested; IYF charges $4.80. (Disclosure: Dow Jones, publisher of this newspaper, receives a portion of IYF’s expenses as a licensing fee.) Whatever you do, use only the money you were salting away for that trip to Las Vegas.
Record 13,400 homes to be completed next year
Next year is likely to be a bad one for landlords.
A bumper crop of newly completed homes is scheduled to flood the market, making more apartments available for rent and pushing down rents, which saw record rises last year.
And with lower rents, private home prices - which industry observers say have reached their peak - may drop further, especially those in the prime districts.
A massive 13,399 new private homes will be ready for occupation next year. This is double the average in recent years and the most in a single year, according to property consultancy CB Richard Ellis (CBRE).
Official supply numbers show 10,500 completions next year and 11,800 the year after, but CBRE's analysis, based on construction progress and delays, reveals more completions next year.
It expects this new supply to depress rents by 5 to 10 per cent on average next year, coming on top of a global economic slowdown that might lead firms to hire fewer expatriates, the main source of tenants.
In the prime areas, rents could slide up to 15 per cent next year, on top of a decline that has already begun this year, predicted CBRE.
Popular rental areas such as the East Coast and Orchard will be among the worst hit as keen demand for homes there in recent years led developers to build aggressively.
An 'alarming' 3,341 new homes will be completed in the East Coast next year, double the number this year, CBRE said. Major projects in the area, which covers Katong and Marine Parade to Bedok and Changi, include the 562-unit One Amber and the 556-unit Casa Merah.
In the prime districts 9, 10 and 11, some 4,240 homes will be ready in areas such as Orchard, Holland, River Valley, Tanglin and Newton. RiverGate, with 545 units, is the biggest condominium scheduled to open its doors.
Suburban areas will also see a large jump in finished homes next year. In the north and north-west, for example, there will be 10 times more than this year.
But this is unlikely to result in a glut or lower rents as most suburban home buyers intend to occupy their units.
Property experts warn that many major prime projects to be ready this year and next are those that had attracted investors rather than owner-occupiers, which means their units will add to the rental supply.
'Some big condos in the downtown areas have a higher proportion of investors,' said Mr Colin Tan of property firm Chesterton International. These include the 1,111-unit Sail @ Marina Bay, which will be fully completed by the end of this year, and the 312-unit Clift in McCallum Road, expected next year.
'We don't even have to wait for the 14,000 homes next year; rents are already moderating and should come down in the third quarter,' he said, adding that landlords are lowering their asking rentals.
He cited the case of The Sea View in Amber Road, whose 546 units were completed this year. 'I asked someone there, how are the rents? He said: 'I'm not sure really, there's no demand'.'
This will be welcome news for renters, who have had to face ever-increasing rents over the last two years.
Rents have shot up 60 per cent on average since 2006 and even doubled in some places, thanks to an influx of expats and a shortage of rental homes.
For example, in Cuscaden Residences in the Tanglin area, a typical 1,485 sq ft unit could fetch $9,200 in monthly rents last year, from about $6,500 in 2005. This year, it has fallen to $8,100, according to recent reports. Next year, it could fall by another 10 per cent to $7,300, if CBRE's predictions come true.
Entrepreneur Sebastien Dechamps, 29, who came here from France three years ago and started a website for expatriates, said high rents have seen more expatriates moving away from the city to places in the north and the east.
'The fall in rental prices is definitely good news. It might encourage expats to move to the city, which is great because they can put more vibrancy back into the city and into its nightlife,' he said.
A fall in rentals generally leads to a fall in home prices for two reasons: landlords, less able to service their mortgages, are willing to let go of their units more cheaply, while would-be investors will only pay as much as a home can fetch in rents.
The supply situation is not likely to improve beyond 2010: The latest official data shows that apart from the 21,000 or so homes to be completed over the next two years, there are another 20,000 homes scheduled to be built in 2011.
But Savills Singapore's director of business development and marketing, Mr Ku Swee Yong, is still optimistic.
He expects higher than average housing demand during 'the next few years of growth', and believes that after accounting for demolitions of collective sale estates, the 'net supply should be balanced by demand'.
A bumper crop of newly completed homes is scheduled to flood the market, making more apartments available for rent and pushing down rents, which saw record rises last year.
And with lower rents, private home prices - which industry observers say have reached their peak - may drop further, especially those in the prime districts.
A massive 13,399 new private homes will be ready for occupation next year. This is double the average in recent years and the most in a single year, according to property consultancy CB Richard Ellis (CBRE).
Official supply numbers show 10,500 completions next year and 11,800 the year after, but CBRE's analysis, based on construction progress and delays, reveals more completions next year.
It expects this new supply to depress rents by 5 to 10 per cent on average next year, coming on top of a global economic slowdown that might lead firms to hire fewer expatriates, the main source of tenants.
In the prime areas, rents could slide up to 15 per cent next year, on top of a decline that has already begun this year, predicted CBRE.
Popular rental areas such as the East Coast and Orchard will be among the worst hit as keen demand for homes there in recent years led developers to build aggressively.
An 'alarming' 3,341 new homes will be completed in the East Coast next year, double the number this year, CBRE said. Major projects in the area, which covers Katong and Marine Parade to Bedok and Changi, include the 562-unit One Amber and the 556-unit Casa Merah.
In the prime districts 9, 10 and 11, some 4,240 homes will be ready in areas such as Orchard, Holland, River Valley, Tanglin and Newton. RiverGate, with 545 units, is the biggest condominium scheduled to open its doors.
Suburban areas will also see a large jump in finished homes next year. In the north and north-west, for example, there will be 10 times more than this year.
But this is unlikely to result in a glut or lower rents as most suburban home buyers intend to occupy their units.
Property experts warn that many major prime projects to be ready this year and next are those that had attracted investors rather than owner-occupiers, which means their units will add to the rental supply.
'Some big condos in the downtown areas have a higher proportion of investors,' said Mr Colin Tan of property firm Chesterton International. These include the 1,111-unit Sail @ Marina Bay, which will be fully completed by the end of this year, and the 312-unit Clift in McCallum Road, expected next year.
'We don't even have to wait for the 14,000 homes next year; rents are already moderating and should come down in the third quarter,' he said, adding that landlords are lowering their asking rentals.
He cited the case of The Sea View in Amber Road, whose 546 units were completed this year. 'I asked someone there, how are the rents? He said: 'I'm not sure really, there's no demand'.'
This will be welcome news for renters, who have had to face ever-increasing rents over the last two years.
Rents have shot up 60 per cent on average since 2006 and even doubled in some places, thanks to an influx of expats and a shortage of rental homes.
For example, in Cuscaden Residences in the Tanglin area, a typical 1,485 sq ft unit could fetch $9,200 in monthly rents last year, from about $6,500 in 2005. This year, it has fallen to $8,100, according to recent reports. Next year, it could fall by another 10 per cent to $7,300, if CBRE's predictions come true.
Entrepreneur Sebastien Dechamps, 29, who came here from France three years ago and started a website for expatriates, said high rents have seen more expatriates moving away from the city to places in the north and the east.
'The fall in rental prices is definitely good news. It might encourage expats to move to the city, which is great because they can put more vibrancy back into the city and into its nightlife,' he said.
A fall in rentals generally leads to a fall in home prices for two reasons: landlords, less able to service their mortgages, are willing to let go of their units more cheaply, while would-be investors will only pay as much as a home can fetch in rents.
The supply situation is not likely to improve beyond 2010: The latest official data shows that apart from the 21,000 or so homes to be completed over the next two years, there are another 20,000 homes scheduled to be built in 2011.
But Savills Singapore's director of business development and marketing, Mr Ku Swee Yong, is still optimistic.
He expects higher than average housing demand during 'the next few years of growth', and believes that after accounting for demolitions of collective sale estates, the 'net supply should be balanced by demand'.
小心陷阱
最近上升,我不知是否熊市或大調整的完結,但個人不是太樂觀。
炒業績,可說是最近的遊戲。機構投資者可以先在早輪跌市分段入貨,然後再出一些非常悲觀的預測,炒業績好過預期。例如:假設A公司的中期業績每股虧損0.5美元,就出個預測為0.8美元,只要業績好過預期,就有得炒。散戶見業績好過預期,就跟手入貨,因為覺得業績比預期好,市場過份悲觀。最後,機構投資者見大市連升4,5日,就分段沽出獲利。
我一向不理任何大行分析。只要公司盈利增長,估值便宜,就要入。經濟好,入貨價要高一些;經濟差,入貨價要定得低一些,趁火打劫。
巴菲特很早前就說,他會等股價很便宜時才買。道理就是,每次overvalued過後就出現一次undervalued (而不是reasonably valued),一次大跌後會出現一個更差更差的消息,令股市跌穿第一次大跌的底。過去幾十年的泡沬爆破後都是如此。林森池的fans 可看多一次平民資本家 (筆者也在看,獲益良多,亦更堅定小弟的信心。),自己做分析的可看多些香港股史歷史的書.
炒業績,可說是最近的遊戲。機構投資者可以先在早輪跌市分段入貨,然後再出一些非常悲觀的預測,炒業績好過預期。例如:假設A公司的中期業績每股虧損0.5美元,就出個預測為0.8美元,只要業績好過預期,就有得炒。散戶見業績好過預期,就跟手入貨,因為覺得業績比預期好,市場過份悲觀。最後,機構投資者見大市連升4,5日,就分段沽出獲利。
我一向不理任何大行分析。只要公司盈利增長,估值便宜,就要入。經濟好,入貨價要高一些;經濟差,入貨價要定得低一些,趁火打劫。
巴菲特很早前就說,他會等股價很便宜時才買。道理就是,每次overvalued過後就出現一次undervalued (而不是reasonably valued),一次大跌後會出現一個更差更差的消息,令股市跌穿第一次大跌的底。過去幾十年的泡沬爆破後都是如此。林森池的fans 可看多一次平民資本家 (筆者也在看,獲益良多,亦更堅定小弟的信心。),自己做分析的可看多些香港股史歷史的書.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)