·利用市场的愚蠢，进行有规律的投资。
·买价决定报酬率的高低，即使是长线投资也是如此。
·利润的复合增长与交易费用、避税使投资人受益无穷。
·不要在意某家公司来年可赚多少，只要在意其未来5至10年能赚多少。
·只投资未来收益确定性高的企业。
·通货膨胀是投资者的最大敌人。
·价值型与成长型的投资理念是相通的。价值是一项投资未来现金流量的折现值；而成长只是用来决定价值预
测过程。
·投资人财务上的成功与他对投资企业的了解程度成正比。
·“安全边际”从两个方面协助你的投资。首先是缓冲可能的价格风险；其次是可获得相对高的权益报酬率。
·拥有一只股票，期待它在下个星期就上涨，是十分愚蠢的。
·即使美联储主席偷偷告诉我未来两年的货币政策，我也不会为之改变我的任何投资作为。
·不理会股市的涨跌，不担心经济情势的变化，不相信任何预测，不接受任何内幕消息，只注意两点：
A.买什么股票；B.买入价格。
Wednesday, December 10, 2008
山下聖人 - 我的分享集03.07.08 第一次买股票
2008年1月8号, 我正式地进入了马来西亚KLSE股票市场。第一个买的是留意了很久的3476 KECK SENG. 当初买的3lot,现在还留着。一来对它有信心，也希望可以留为纪念，所以打算终身不卖了。买股票就是要购买能够让自己放心的。当初RM4.50买，涨到RM4.80现在掉回RM4.18还是没有恐惧，这就是我喜欢的股票。
谈到买股票，感触良多。接触到股票， 应该是由中学时候开始的。当时对于股票的幻想很多，时常在想应该如何去买，如何以后在股票市场上赚大钱。想的很多很多。跟踪马来西亚KLSE股票市场,是由2007年开始，当时刚从新加坡回国，以身上还有的RM1000多，就想直接冲进股票市场。当时真是马来西亚股票大涨的时期，自己没有任何的头绪，就先跟踪报纸上的新闻，还有分出NTA高过股价的。跟踪了大概半年，哇，竟然发现自己筛选构成的PORTFOLIO回酬变成140%以上。当时我懂了，马来西亚股票市场应该是高点了。我看着股票市场冲高，所以就希望等待它跌回的实际。直到2008年，本身大概觉得是时候进场了。当时自己储蓄也有了一些，反正放在银行也帮不了自己，二来马来西亚股票市场应该是回跌的时候了，所以就买了一些自己留意和跟踪很久的股票。
谈到投资马来西亚KLSE股票市场，我觉得个人需要不断的去学习还有跟进。谈到学习，我觉得应该多去阅读关于股票的书籍，尤其是英文的。因为有很多好书都是由美国人所著作的。例如很值得阅读的，我认为有INTELLIGENT INVESTOR, ONE UP ON WALLSTREET,还有许多其它股票市场赚到钱的人所写的书籍。至于网络上的学习，我大都已经收入在自己这个BLOG的BLOGROLL里头了。值得提的是马来西亚自己的CARI.COM的股票论坛- http://cforum.cari.com.my/forumdisplay.php?fid=401，在这里可以学习到很多东西。另外，我本身较喜欢的BLOG有：http://www.samgang.blogspot.com/ 和http://whereiszemoola.blogspot.com/ 。他们都不自私的分享了自己的经验，还有道出自己研究结果后的疑问，十分值得敬佩。
在还没有进入马来西亚KLSE股票市场前，我觉得个人应该要有自我的心理准备。心理的建设在股票买卖上，我觉得有一定的帮助。不要每天去订着股票上下，而是要知道自己在做什么，做了以后要知道自己下一步要继续怎么办。每个人有自己不同的习惯和性格，那么你对于股票的态度应该也要适合自己。千万不要因为股票大跌而睡不着，因为如果你会睡不着，就代表了你做错了决定，那么应该尽快去改正过来。从前读多一篇文章，谈到恐惧感。文章是那么写的，如果你感到害怕，那是因为你不懂自己想要什么，不懂自己想要什么就会胡乱的做出决定，越是如此，那个人就越是害怕。
在我本身的经验上，我购买股票其实有自己的想法先才去购买的。在股票市场上其实有很多不同的看法还有研究。就连经济都分派系，分为市场自由派还有政府插手的派系。在股票市场很多人喜欢分为价值投资派，技术分析派，最近还衍生了市场心理派，跟踪大户买卖的派系，还有一些人是根据市场的消息所谓的消息派。其实属于什么派系不重要，也不必争论自己的如何好，别人如何不好。重要是你的方法只要能够在长达10年20年都能够在股票市场上为你赚到钱。而我本身呢，就比较相信巴菲特的那套方法，以便宜的价格买入物超所值的好公司，永远是好的。（其实巴菲特也投机，那么应该将他分为那一派呢？）
我阅读过一本书，华文为漫步华尔街，RANDOM WALK DOWN WALLSTREET.自己比较不相信书中的看法，所以也没有在这个BLOG写到。我本身比较不相信RANDOM的道理，如果市场是RANDOM的话，那么根本就不应该去购买任何股票。当然这是我自己的看法，你也可以不认同。
另一个大家常争论的观点是是否应该设立止损点，还有是否应该越起越买，而后跌回逐步卖出；或是越跌越买？香港很多股票大师如曹仁超，林森池都有建议过止损但不止赚，而我本身也阅读过香港一个很出名的BLOG市场先生的书籍，他却建议只赚不止蚀（这个就是他的书名）。中国股神林园却说，继续全仓作业，猫在股票市场，因为不懂另一个高点会不会来。我本身相信市场是有循环的，行业也有循环。 就连亚洲经济也是大概10年一个循环。1997经济风暴到今天2008股票市场大跌20%进入熊市，也是一个循环。那么既然有循环，买入股票的钱不是急需的，只要你买入对的公司，拥有优良的常年业绩的，那么卖出的时间应该不会到来。我本身经历过1997年经济风暴，2000年的美国科技股大跌，美国恐怖袭击，SARS风暴，马来西亚308政治风暴。只要有大跌，就是你进入市场购买好公司的时候。当其他人在恐惧的时候，我就大胆。
最后，应用香港富豪李兆基讲过的话：我在购买股票时，先看国家区域的经济，然后再看行业，然后再选出行业的龙头老大。购买行业的龙头其实不无道理。只要市场份额大，拥有决定价钱的能力，提高PROFIT MARGIN，随时都能够提高本身的业绩。投资者应该建立自己的独立思考和分析能力，拥有世界观还有未来趋势观。
如果你想进入马来西亚KLSE股票市场，建议可以多阅读书籍，推荐一个本地的专栏作家-冯时能，笔名冷眼。他在南洋商报每个星期一都有文章，另外还有写过一本书为30年股票投资心得.
谈到买股票，感触良多。接触到股票， 应该是由中学时候开始的。当时对于股票的幻想很多，时常在想应该如何去买，如何以后在股票市场上赚大钱。想的很多很多。跟踪马来西亚KLSE股票市场,是由2007年开始，当时刚从新加坡回国，以身上还有的RM1000多，就想直接冲进股票市场。当时真是马来西亚股票大涨的时期，自己没有任何的头绪，就先跟踪报纸上的新闻，还有分出NTA高过股价的。跟踪了大概半年，哇，竟然发现自己筛选构成的PORTFOLIO回酬变成140%以上。当时我懂了，马来西亚股票市场应该是高点了。我看着股票市场冲高，所以就希望等待它跌回的实际。直到2008年，本身大概觉得是时候进场了。当时自己储蓄也有了一些，反正放在银行也帮不了自己，二来马来西亚股票市场应该是回跌的时候了，所以就买了一些自己留意和跟踪很久的股票。
谈到投资马来西亚KLSE股票市场，我觉得个人需要不断的去学习还有跟进。谈到学习，我觉得应该多去阅读关于股票的书籍，尤其是英文的。因为有很多好书都是由美国人所著作的。例如很值得阅读的，我认为有INTELLIGENT INVESTOR, ONE UP ON WALLSTREET,还有许多其它股票市场赚到钱的人所写的书籍。至于网络上的学习，我大都已经收入在自己这个BLOG的BLOGROLL里头了。值得提的是马来西亚自己的CARI.COM的股票论坛- http://cforum.cari.com.my/forumdisplay.php?fid=401，在这里可以学习到很多东西。另外，我本身较喜欢的BLOG有：http://www.samgang.blogspot.com/ 和http://whereiszemoola.blogspot.com/ 。他们都不自私的分享了自己的经验，还有道出自己研究结果后的疑问，十分值得敬佩。
在还没有进入马来西亚KLSE股票市场前，我觉得个人应该要有自我的心理准备。心理的建设在股票买卖上，我觉得有一定的帮助。不要每天去订着股票上下，而是要知道自己在做什么，做了以后要知道自己下一步要继续怎么办。每个人有自己不同的习惯和性格，那么你对于股票的态度应该也要适合自己。千万不要因为股票大跌而睡不着，因为如果你会睡不着，就代表了你做错了决定，那么应该尽快去改正过来。从前读多一篇文章，谈到恐惧感。文章是那么写的，如果你感到害怕，那是因为你不懂自己想要什么，不懂自己想要什么就会胡乱的做出决定，越是如此，那个人就越是害怕。
在我本身的经验上，我购买股票其实有自己的想法先才去购买的。在股票市场上其实有很多不同的看法还有研究。就连经济都分派系，分为市场自由派还有政府插手的派系。在股票市场很多人喜欢分为价值投资派，技术分析派，最近还衍生了市场心理派，跟踪大户买卖的派系，还有一些人是根据市场的消息所谓的消息派。其实属于什么派系不重要，也不必争论自己的如何好，别人如何不好。重要是你的方法只要能够在长达10年20年都能够在股票市场上为你赚到钱。而我本身呢，就比较相信巴菲特的那套方法，以便宜的价格买入物超所值的好公司，永远是好的。（其实巴菲特也投机，那么应该将他分为那一派呢？）
我阅读过一本书，华文为漫步华尔街，RANDOM WALK DOWN WALLSTREET.自己比较不相信书中的看法，所以也没有在这个BLOG写到。我本身比较不相信RANDOM的道理，如果市场是RANDOM的话，那么根本就不应该去购买任何股票。当然这是我自己的看法，你也可以不认同。
另一个大家常争论的观点是是否应该设立止损点，还有是否应该越起越买，而后跌回逐步卖出；或是越跌越买？香港很多股票大师如曹仁超，林森池都有建议过止损但不止赚，而我本身也阅读过香港一个很出名的BLOG市场先生的书籍，他却建议只赚不止蚀（这个就是他的书名）。中国股神林园却说，继续全仓作业，猫在股票市场，因为不懂另一个高点会不会来。我本身相信市场是有循环的，行业也有循环。 就连亚洲经济也是大概10年一个循环。1997经济风暴到今天2008股票市场大跌20%进入熊市，也是一个循环。那么既然有循环，买入股票的钱不是急需的，只要你买入对的公司，拥有优良的常年业绩的，那么卖出的时间应该不会到来。我本身经历过1997年经济风暴，2000年的美国科技股大跌，美国恐怖袭击，SARS风暴，马来西亚308政治风暴。只要有大跌，就是你进入市场购买好公司的时候。当其他人在恐惧的时候，我就大胆。
最后，应用香港富豪李兆基讲过的话：我在购买股票时，先看国家区域的经济，然后再看行业，然后再选出行业的龙头老大。购买行业的龙头其实不无道理。只要市场份额大，拥有决定价钱的能力，提高PROFIT MARGIN，随时都能够提高本身的业绩。投资者应该建立自己的独立思考和分析能力，拥有世界观还有未来趋势观。
如果你想进入马来西亚KLSE股票市场，建议可以多阅读书籍，推荐一个本地的专栏作家-冯时能，笔名冷眼。他在南洋商报每个星期一都有文章，另外还有写过一本书为30年股票投资心得.
七旬大户：50万元赚200万
大户档案
大户：刘伟
年龄：76岁
股龄：19年
本金：3000元
最高市值：500万
目前状态：空仓
炒股箴言：股市给你机会，一定抓牢；股市没有机会，千万别自找机会
"股市中，每诞生一位百万大户，就至少有50位以上的散户成为他们成功的基石。"12月2日，记者采访了一位不同寻常的鹤发老人，他就是以数百万资金在波诡云谲的股海中冲浪近20年的大户。
刘伟，今年76岁，1990年进入股市。如今的他，面对"股雨劲风"早已变得理性镇定。去年5700点逃顶后，至今空仓。
"借钱买的股票"
1990年，刘先生随家人去上海。当时银行在卖原始股认购证，30元一张，刘先生虽然对股市一窍不通，但觉得银行卖的应该不会赔，就花3000元买了100张。后来中签后，赚了点小钱，于是开始关注老八股。
谈到自己的第一只股票，"阅股无数"的他记忆犹新，"当时我发现四川长虹这只股票几天就从7元涨到14元，与家人商量后，向一位关系不错的朋友借了50万，以每股14元的价格全部买入了这只股票，开始了自己的炒股生涯。"
"50万元赚200万"
买入股票后，刘先生对股市仍没有深刻认识，只是三天两头到证券公司看看行情。了解到自己的股票隔一阵儿涨一点，心里喜滋滋的。转眼一年时间过去了，四川长虹已经涨到69元。这时，刘先生为是否卖出请教了自己的侄女，一位金融专业的大学生。"她对股票比我有研究，她告诉我可以出手了。于是，我就卖出所有股票，在股海中捞得第一桶金--近200万。"
上世纪90年代初期的200万，对于普通百姓而言，简直是天文数字。刘先生也一样，高兴地拿着钱不知所措。在上海买了房子买了车，随后他选择回到沈阳工作。
"不怀侥幸心理"
1996年，刘先生回到沈阳，面对股市中成百上千的股票，眼花缭乱的他决定从头学习。"空头、多头、利好、利空、割肉、跳水、套牢、踏空……这些常识，弄得我云山雾罩。于是周末听证券课便成了我的习惯。沈阳所有券商的课我都听过，而且坚持十几年，算一算，已经有千堂课了。后来，又学操作电脑，现在我的电脑已经安装了七个炒股软件，它们帮我分析指标数据。"
随着年龄增长，刘先生的操作逐显稳健保守。看得懂的行情做，看不懂的，亏3%-5%立即割肉出局，坚决不怀侥幸心理。
"股瘾说戒就戒"
"炒股近20年，您自认为最成功的操作是哪次？"面对这个问题，刘先生毫无犹豫的回答："去年5700点成功逃顶，至今未再进场。"原来，刘先生从1200点入场，去年牛市中大盘涨的越高，他的心悬的越高，5700点时毅然决定全部离场，锁定收益。而且，面对十几年形成的股瘾，他竟说戒就戒，今年始终空仓。
"十多年的深入学习，让我了解到市场怎么走都是正确的。股市给你机会时，你千万抓牢；股市没有机会，我们只能等待，千万别自找机会。在下降趋势中，我是不会冒险做短线的，因为那时的获利机会少之甚少，76岁了，没必要冒这个险！"他感慨地说
大户：刘伟
年龄：76岁
股龄：19年
本金：3000元
最高市值：500万
目前状态：空仓
炒股箴言：股市给你机会，一定抓牢；股市没有机会，千万别自找机会
"股市中，每诞生一位百万大户，就至少有50位以上的散户成为他们成功的基石。"12月2日，记者采访了一位不同寻常的鹤发老人，他就是以数百万资金在波诡云谲的股海中冲浪近20年的大户。
刘伟，今年76岁，1990年进入股市。如今的他，面对"股雨劲风"早已变得理性镇定。去年5700点逃顶后，至今空仓。
"借钱买的股票"
1990年，刘先生随家人去上海。当时银行在卖原始股认购证，30元一张，刘先生虽然对股市一窍不通，但觉得银行卖的应该不会赔，就花3000元买了100张。后来中签后，赚了点小钱，于是开始关注老八股。
谈到自己的第一只股票，"阅股无数"的他记忆犹新，"当时我发现四川长虹这只股票几天就从7元涨到14元，与家人商量后，向一位关系不错的朋友借了50万，以每股14元的价格全部买入了这只股票，开始了自己的炒股生涯。"
"50万元赚200万"
买入股票后，刘先生对股市仍没有深刻认识，只是三天两头到证券公司看看行情。了解到自己的股票隔一阵儿涨一点，心里喜滋滋的。转眼一年时间过去了，四川长虹已经涨到69元。这时，刘先生为是否卖出请教了自己的侄女，一位金融专业的大学生。"她对股票比我有研究，她告诉我可以出手了。于是，我就卖出所有股票，在股海中捞得第一桶金--近200万。"
上世纪90年代初期的200万，对于普通百姓而言，简直是天文数字。刘先生也一样，高兴地拿着钱不知所措。在上海买了房子买了车，随后他选择回到沈阳工作。
"不怀侥幸心理"
1996年，刘先生回到沈阳，面对股市中成百上千的股票，眼花缭乱的他决定从头学习。"空头、多头、利好、利空、割肉、跳水、套牢、踏空……这些常识，弄得我云山雾罩。于是周末听证券课便成了我的习惯。沈阳所有券商的课我都听过，而且坚持十几年，算一算，已经有千堂课了。后来，又学操作电脑，现在我的电脑已经安装了七个炒股软件，它们帮我分析指标数据。"
随着年龄增长，刘先生的操作逐显稳健保守。看得懂的行情做，看不懂的，亏3%-5%立即割肉出局，坚决不怀侥幸心理。
"股瘾说戒就戒"
"炒股近20年，您自认为最成功的操作是哪次？"面对这个问题，刘先生毫无犹豫的回答："去年5700点成功逃顶，至今未再进场。"原来，刘先生从1200点入场，去年牛市中大盘涨的越高，他的心悬的越高，5700点时毅然决定全部离场，锁定收益。而且，面对十几年形成的股瘾，他竟说戒就戒，今年始终空仓。
"十多年的深入学习，让我了解到市场怎么走都是正确的。股市给你机会时，你千万抓牢；股市没有机会，我们只能等待，千万别自找机会。在下降趋势中，我是不会冒险做短线的，因为那时的获利机会少之甚少，76岁了，没必要冒这个险！"他感慨地说
做自己有把握做好的事情
价值投资的创始人、美国证券分析师协会首任主席本·格雷厄姆曾经说过这样一番话：“当一名证券分析师就要做你认为有把握做好的事情，而且只做这些事情.”
对这句话我有很深的感受。入市前几年我热衷于各种股市技术的学习和研究。学习本来是好事。但是可能爱好过度，博而不专，杂而不精，学习和操作严重脱节。按照后来师傅的话说就是你研究的是学问，而不是操作，在学习几年可以去做股评家。
现在很多朋友在重复着我的过去，乐此不疲的沉醉于学习之中。浪费着青春，用有限的金钱验证着股市中的学问。等待他们的可能是“虽然我一无所有，可是股市的知识我都懂。”
我很幸运认识了我的师傅，他给我敲醒了警钟：技术高的能赚钱.技术低的也能赚钱.就是不知道自己技术有多高的人赚不到钱. 学习只是手段，赚钱才是目的。你起码能在股市中赚钱，哪怕一年10％，你才有资格学习。
师傅问我有没有把握一年赚20％。我说在有行情的时候做一把。没有行情的时候空仓，我有90％的把握能赚20％。他说那就先这样做吧，不断的完善这种方法就行了。每年先赚20％，余下的时间去学习。我严格按照师傅说的去做，笑看股市悲欢离合，起起落落，股市割肉套牢的痛苦远我而去。
我一直想一个问题.森林里有狮子.老虎.为什么还有那么多弱小的动物生存呢? 俺师傅开玩笑说:羊活着.是因为它吃草.不去吃虎肉.精辟呀，羊有自知之明. 股市是高风险的市场。认识市场，更要认识自己，不是高手才能赚钱。关键是做自己有把握做好的事情。而做自己有把握做好的事情得关键是:首先不要做自己没有把握做好的事情.
对这句话我有很深的感受。入市前几年我热衷于各种股市技术的学习和研究。学习本来是好事。但是可能爱好过度，博而不专，杂而不精，学习和操作严重脱节。按照后来师傅的话说就是你研究的是学问，而不是操作，在学习几年可以去做股评家。
现在很多朋友在重复着我的过去，乐此不疲的沉醉于学习之中。浪费着青春，用有限的金钱验证着股市中的学问。等待他们的可能是“虽然我一无所有，可是股市的知识我都懂。”
我很幸运认识了我的师傅，他给我敲醒了警钟：技术高的能赚钱.技术低的也能赚钱.就是不知道自己技术有多高的人赚不到钱. 学习只是手段，赚钱才是目的。你起码能在股市中赚钱，哪怕一年10％，你才有资格学习。
师傅问我有没有把握一年赚20％。我说在有行情的时候做一把。没有行情的时候空仓，我有90％的把握能赚20％。他说那就先这样做吧，不断的完善这种方法就行了。每年先赚20％，余下的时间去学习。我严格按照师傅说的去做，笑看股市悲欢离合，起起落落，股市割肉套牢的痛苦远我而去。
我一直想一个问题.森林里有狮子.老虎.为什么还有那么多弱小的动物生存呢? 俺师傅开玩笑说:羊活着.是因为它吃草.不去吃虎肉.精辟呀，羊有自知之明. 股市是高风险的市场。认识市场，更要认识自己，不是高手才能赚钱。关键是做自己有把握做好的事情。而做自己有把握做好的事情得关键是:首先不要做自己没有把握做好的事情.
与时间较劲(十五)坚持三条投资轻松无忧获胜
有朋友与我讨论操作上的事情,问我有没有最简洁的方法让投资变得轻松好掌握,我说方法是简单轻松,关键是看你个人的性情和坚持的毅力有多强了,因为价值投资一开始介绍给他，感觉生涩，我就从最浅显的方面入手谈操作，我向他介绍了以下三条:
一、只关注。。。。
有这么一个规律性的东西，说指数，很简单：大涨必然伴随大跌，大跌必然有大涨，空头用尽必涨，多头衰竭必跌。
因此我们看看这么些年股指运行的规律，只要能忍耐这是必然发生的事情。
那么好，我们不妨只在市场大跌以后才来关注这个市场，不错的想法，但何为大跌呢？
我只向他简单陈述了一个判断：
指数有200%以上涨幅，我们只在回调二分之一位置以后关注
指数一旦有300%以上涨幅，我们就只在回调三分之二位置以后关注
例如，2001年开始的回调，从2200点下来，因为指数翻倍过，那么我们只在1100点以下去关注市场，再讨论买进的问题。2007年指数到了6100点，因为指数以前涨N倍，那么我们只在6100-6100*2\3=2000点时候开始关注，这不是佐罗的想法，是我的红旗投资伙伴的总结，大家可以结合历年来检验以下！
二、只买进。。。。
有了前面的关注位置，那么接下来如何买进呢？
要分批买进是必须的，单分批买进也有三个控制风险的方法
1、空间上拉开距离，比如将资金分5份，每下跌5%买进一份
2、时间上拉开距离，比如每周只买一次，一个月建好仓，或两个月，两周买一次。
3、K线上找买进理由：比如每连续下跌三天，就买一回
一般情况，以上方法可以互相综合运用。
三、只选择。。。。
有方法，但选择对象也要讲究一下，这样才能确保安全获利，时间空间的选择很重要，但投资对象的选择更不要忽视。
1、只选择稳定的蓝筹企业
2、只选择有业绩保障的成长白马股
3、选择那些力求简单明了绝对价格不高的优质票
4、行业龙头，弱周期性，有一定壁垒。
以上是我和这位朋友阐述的基本内容，大家可以回忆以下，或做下过去若干年的统计，如果这么操作下去，是否能轻松无忧获胜？？
一、只关注。。。。
有这么一个规律性的东西，说指数，很简单：大涨必然伴随大跌，大跌必然有大涨，空头用尽必涨，多头衰竭必跌。
因此我们看看这么些年股指运行的规律，只要能忍耐这是必然发生的事情。
那么好，我们不妨只在市场大跌以后才来关注这个市场，不错的想法，但何为大跌呢？
我只向他简单陈述了一个判断：
指数有200%以上涨幅，我们只在回调二分之一位置以后关注
指数一旦有300%以上涨幅，我们就只在回调三分之二位置以后关注
例如，2001年开始的回调，从2200点下来，因为指数翻倍过，那么我们只在1100点以下去关注市场，再讨论买进的问题。2007年指数到了6100点，因为指数以前涨N倍，那么我们只在6100-6100*2\3=2000点时候开始关注，这不是佐罗的想法，是我的红旗投资伙伴的总结，大家可以结合历年来检验以下！
二、只买进。。。。
有了前面的关注位置，那么接下来如何买进呢？
要分批买进是必须的，单分批买进也有三个控制风险的方法
1、空间上拉开距离，比如将资金分5份，每下跌5%买进一份
2、时间上拉开距离，比如每周只买一次，一个月建好仓，或两个月，两周买一次。
3、K线上找买进理由：比如每连续下跌三天，就买一回
一般情况，以上方法可以互相综合运用。
三、只选择。。。。
有方法，但选择对象也要讲究一下，这样才能确保安全获利，时间空间的选择很重要，但投资对象的选择更不要忽视。
1、只选择稳定的蓝筹企业
2、只选择有业绩保障的成长白马股
3、选择那些力求简单明了绝对价格不高的优质票
4、行业龙头，弱周期性，有一定壁垒。
以上是我和这位朋友阐述的基本内容，大家可以回忆以下，或做下过去若干年的统计，如果这么操作下去，是否能轻松无忧获胜？？
巴菲特不相信神话
随着美国金融危机爆发，全球股市疯狂跳水，被称为 “股神 ”的巴菲特手持资金，乐呵呵地开始了他的抄底之旅。然而根据权威调查显示，巴菲特在这场金融危机中并不是隔岸观火，他自己的损失竟高达 163亿美元，名列美国股市十大输家排行榜第三位。那么，该如何看待这位损失惨重的 “股神 ”呢？
巴菲特信奉长期投资策略，但这个投资策略也是必须寄托在一个长久稳定的股市之下才可能赚钱。所以你今天不要看他在这一刻损失 163亿，而是要看这 50年来能够赚多少钱。你也不要跟他最高点做比较，而是跟他原始投资做比较，你看他能赚多少钱。他是一个看长线的人，因此就不能以短线损失多少来评判他的是非功过。我相信，只要这次金融危机顺利解决，股票市场恢复正常，他一定大赚一笔，这是一定的。而这也是他会在这个时刻大量买进的原因。如果真像他所预期的，会反弹的话，那他又大赚一笔，说不定他又是赚钱最多的人。
其实巴菲特懂的东西，美国每一个商学院出来的人都懂。在美国教 MBA只有两个学校是案例教学，一个是哈佛，一个是维吉尼亚大学，除了这两个大学之外的其他大学都不是案例教学，根本不谈案例的，而且所有的其他大学所用的教材都是一样的，用的习题都是一样的，标准答案也都是一样的。
因此美国每一个 MBA学生学出来出后，他所懂的东西都是一样的。所以巴菲特懂的东西和别人都是一样的，他所聘用的金融分析师水平也是跟我的学生一模一样的。
他所以能赚钱，他和我们一般人不一样之处，在于这个人耐得住寂寞，一般人耐不住的。他估算出真实价值之后，他一定等到股市大跌他才进场，等到这一家公司股价大跌他才会进场，否则情愿不做。而且这个人非常务实，我觉得他投资的理念是，从来不相信神话，从来不相信高科技。这里所谓高科技是金融方面的高科技，比如说对冲基金，比如说 IT互联网，比如说投资银行的财富神话，他通通不信，他只相信可口可乐，他只相信通用电气。
因为这些传统的公司用数学模型来算是最准确的，这种数学模型是算不了高科技的，算不了投资银行的，甚至算不了对冲基金，只能算传统行业，因此他就一生都把他的钱投资在传统的行业。而且每个股票都估算出它的真实价格，然后就看跌了之后，市场价格低于它真实价值他就进场，因此长期来看，他都是赚钱的。
毫无疑问，巴菲特具有超人的耐心与执著。同时具有当机立断的另一面。在金融危机袭来时，雷曼兄弟公司向巴菲特求援，巴菲特不为所动，但当高盛公司把电话打过来，正喝着樱桃可乐的巴菲特只用了一刻钟就敲定了 50亿美元的投资计划。巴菲特到底是怎样看待企业？这些看法又如何影响他的投资决策呢？
他不会去买 IT，什么对冲基金这种新型金融，他不玩的，他认为是糟糕的。实际上他是对的 ——IT的泡沫多了，投资银行的财富神话也破灭了，对冲基金的神话也爆破了。
他这次买了很多股票，包括美林银行，包括通用电气，还有高盛，甚至还有日本的一家工具制造商，还有另外一家能源公司，还有汇源果汁，这些都是传统公司。他为什么这个时候买呢？他认为， 1932年 7月 8日道琼斯指数创了全世界的新低，但是到了第二年的 3月，罗斯福就任总统之后，这个指数马上上涨 30%。而且纵观 20世纪，虽然美国经历过两次世界大战，经济大萧条，多次金融崩溃，但是道琼斯指数由最初的 66点攀升到 11497点。什么是道琼斯指数？道琼斯指数都是传统行业，包括银行，包括可口可乐、通用电气都在里面。他买的就是以道琼斯指数为主的传统行业。他笃信，长期之下，道琼斯指数一定是向上走，所以碰到经济萧条它是暂时下跌，因此现在就是进场的好时机，将来一定会回弹
巴菲特信奉长期投资策略，但这个投资策略也是必须寄托在一个长久稳定的股市之下才可能赚钱。所以你今天不要看他在这一刻损失 163亿，而是要看这 50年来能够赚多少钱。你也不要跟他最高点做比较，而是跟他原始投资做比较，你看他能赚多少钱。他是一个看长线的人，因此就不能以短线损失多少来评判他的是非功过。我相信，只要这次金融危机顺利解决，股票市场恢复正常，他一定大赚一笔，这是一定的。而这也是他会在这个时刻大量买进的原因。如果真像他所预期的，会反弹的话，那他又大赚一笔，说不定他又是赚钱最多的人。
其实巴菲特懂的东西，美国每一个商学院出来的人都懂。在美国教 MBA只有两个学校是案例教学，一个是哈佛，一个是维吉尼亚大学，除了这两个大学之外的其他大学都不是案例教学，根本不谈案例的，而且所有的其他大学所用的教材都是一样的，用的习题都是一样的，标准答案也都是一样的。
因此美国每一个 MBA学生学出来出后，他所懂的东西都是一样的。所以巴菲特懂的东西和别人都是一样的，他所聘用的金融分析师水平也是跟我的学生一模一样的。
他所以能赚钱，他和我们一般人不一样之处，在于这个人耐得住寂寞，一般人耐不住的。他估算出真实价值之后，他一定等到股市大跌他才进场，等到这一家公司股价大跌他才会进场，否则情愿不做。而且这个人非常务实，我觉得他投资的理念是，从来不相信神话，从来不相信高科技。这里所谓高科技是金融方面的高科技，比如说对冲基金，比如说 IT互联网，比如说投资银行的财富神话，他通通不信，他只相信可口可乐，他只相信通用电气。
因为这些传统的公司用数学模型来算是最准确的，这种数学模型是算不了高科技的，算不了投资银行的，甚至算不了对冲基金，只能算传统行业，因此他就一生都把他的钱投资在传统的行业。而且每个股票都估算出它的真实价格，然后就看跌了之后，市场价格低于它真实价值他就进场，因此长期来看，他都是赚钱的。
毫无疑问，巴菲特具有超人的耐心与执著。同时具有当机立断的另一面。在金融危机袭来时，雷曼兄弟公司向巴菲特求援，巴菲特不为所动，但当高盛公司把电话打过来，正喝着樱桃可乐的巴菲特只用了一刻钟就敲定了 50亿美元的投资计划。巴菲特到底是怎样看待企业？这些看法又如何影响他的投资决策呢？
他不会去买 IT，什么对冲基金这种新型金融，他不玩的，他认为是糟糕的。实际上他是对的 ——IT的泡沫多了，投资银行的财富神话也破灭了，对冲基金的神话也爆破了。
他这次买了很多股票，包括美林银行，包括通用电气，还有高盛，甚至还有日本的一家工具制造商，还有另外一家能源公司，还有汇源果汁，这些都是传统公司。他为什么这个时候买呢？他认为， 1932年 7月 8日道琼斯指数创了全世界的新低，但是到了第二年的 3月，罗斯福就任总统之后，这个指数马上上涨 30%。而且纵观 20世纪，虽然美国经历过两次世界大战，经济大萧条，多次金融崩溃，但是道琼斯指数由最初的 66点攀升到 11497点。什么是道琼斯指数？道琼斯指数都是传统行业，包括银行，包括可口可乐、通用电气都在里面。他买的就是以道琼斯指数为主的传统行业。他笃信，长期之下，道琼斯指数一定是向上走，所以碰到经济萧条它是暂时下跌，因此现在就是进场的好时机，将来一定会回弹
价值投资准则：安全边际之价值陷阱
避免落入价值陷阱、寻找到安全边际的关键在于不能简单地从过去的经验出发，要对公司未来的业绩有着清晰的认识和预期。巴菲特将这种基于过去经验的投资称之为 “ 后视镜投资 ” （注：柏拉图化），永远只看见后方，而不能看见未来。深入了解公司的基本面，进行理性的分析，是给予公司内在价值合理评估和把握安全边际进行投资的重要前提。
在之前的两篇价值投资准则中，我们提到了安全边际和内在价值的概念。由于对股票的内在价值的计算是不能够精确的，因此足够的安全边际就显得十分重要。
投资者要明白，并不是股票的价格看起来足够便宜就意味着足够的安全边际，很多时候便宜的股价往往是因为公司的管理和盈利出现了问题，或者公司的业务属于高风险行业。为了对这个问题进行比较清楚的阐述，我们引入一个概念 “ 价值陷阱 ” ，不少寻找安全边际的投资者经常陷入其中。
我们在之前的文章曾经提到过商店打折销售的情况，200块的商品以100块的折扣价格销售，这种100块的销售有两种情况：第一种是真正的促销季节，以5折出售，这种情形类似投资中的安全边际；第二种是该商品被发现出现了瑕疵，以5折出售，这种情况下的100块已经不是真正的折扣出售了，而是因为本身的瑕疵导致商品价值的降低，就像我们上面提到的股票价格便宜是因为公司出现了问题，这时候看起来50%的空间提供了足够安全边际，而事实上根本没有安全边际，再促销的时候，这种商品可能就会卖50块了。遇到这种情形，投资者没有获得安全边际，反而陷入了价值陷阱之中。表面上公司的股价被低估，是很好的投资机会，实际上根本没有明显的投资潜力。
虽然价值投资者信奉市场是会犯错误的，但市场经常是正确的。一旦发现了某些看似非常便宜的股票，投资者反应不该是立即买入，因为这种便宜的印象往往是根据过去一段时期股价的表现得出的。投资者需要做的事情是去了解相应的上市公司是否出现了问题，是管理问题、业绩下滑或者是经营风险放大。要对安全边际和价值陷阱进行判别，首先要做的是去确定股票的内在价值。
除去市场大面积的情绪化波动带来的机会之外，在一般的情况下，市场什么时候会给予公司股票错误的价格或者低估股票的价值呢？
1、市场过于关注公司短期的业绩表现而无视公司长期的业绩潜力。这种情况经常发生在公司的短期业绩出现较大幅度的下滑，像季报、半年报或者一年的业绩出现大幅的下滑。而公司真实的基本面显示业绩下滑仅仅是短期的困难所致，或者业务景气刚好处于谷底，这种情况往往会为长期投资者提供足够的安全边际。
2、对公司存在巨大的不确定性。这是莫尼什-帕伯莱*投资方法中的基础。他的观点简单概括起来是：投资者对公司的业务状况存在重大不确定时所做出的反应和面对该公司实际发生严重风险的反应一样 - 恐慌。而这种恐慌经常为确信的投资者创造安全边际。
3、投资者对公司业务的了解不够清楚。这种情况常常发生在行业中，在一个行业背景下不同公司的细分市场和定位往往是存在区别，这意味着并非所有的公司对行业负面情况都会有一致的业绩反应。但当这种行业状况发生时，由于大量此类投资者的存在，会使得部分业绩不受影响的公司股价也受整个行业的影响而下跌，从而形成安全边际。
避免落入价值陷阱、寻找到安全边际的关键在于不能简单地从过去的经验出发，要对公司未来的业绩有着清晰的认识和预期。巴菲特将这种基于过去经验的投资称之为 “ 后视镜投资 ” ，永远只看见后方，而不能看见未来。深入了解公司的基本面，进行理性的分析，是给予公司内在价值合理评估和把握安全边际进行投资的重要前提。
在之前的两篇价值投资准则中，我们提到了安全边际和内在价值的概念。由于对股票的内在价值的计算是不能够精确的，因此足够的安全边际就显得十分重要。
投资者要明白，并不是股票的价格看起来足够便宜就意味着足够的安全边际，很多时候便宜的股价往往是因为公司的管理和盈利出现了问题，或者公司的业务属于高风险行业。为了对这个问题进行比较清楚的阐述，我们引入一个概念 “ 价值陷阱 ” ，不少寻找安全边际的投资者经常陷入其中。
我们在之前的文章曾经提到过商店打折销售的情况，200块的商品以100块的折扣价格销售，这种100块的销售有两种情况：第一种是真正的促销季节，以5折出售，这种情形类似投资中的安全边际；第二种是该商品被发现出现了瑕疵，以5折出售，这种情况下的100块已经不是真正的折扣出售了，而是因为本身的瑕疵导致商品价值的降低，就像我们上面提到的股票价格便宜是因为公司出现了问题，这时候看起来50%的空间提供了足够安全边际，而事实上根本没有安全边际，再促销的时候，这种商品可能就会卖50块了。遇到这种情形，投资者没有获得安全边际，反而陷入了价值陷阱之中。表面上公司的股价被低估，是很好的投资机会，实际上根本没有明显的投资潜力。
虽然价值投资者信奉市场是会犯错误的，但市场经常是正确的。一旦发现了某些看似非常便宜的股票，投资者反应不该是立即买入，因为这种便宜的印象往往是根据过去一段时期股价的表现得出的。投资者需要做的事情是去了解相应的上市公司是否出现了问题，是管理问题、业绩下滑或者是经营风险放大。要对安全边际和价值陷阱进行判别，首先要做的是去确定股票的内在价值。
除去市场大面积的情绪化波动带来的机会之外，在一般的情况下，市场什么时候会给予公司股票错误的价格或者低估股票的价值呢？
1、市场过于关注公司短期的业绩表现而无视公司长期的业绩潜力。这种情况经常发生在公司的短期业绩出现较大幅度的下滑，像季报、半年报或者一年的业绩出现大幅的下滑。而公司真实的基本面显示业绩下滑仅仅是短期的困难所致，或者业务景气刚好处于谷底，这种情况往往会为长期投资者提供足够的安全边际。
2、对公司存在巨大的不确定性。这是莫尼什-帕伯莱*投资方法中的基础。他的观点简单概括起来是：投资者对公司的业务状况存在重大不确定时所做出的反应和面对该公司实际发生严重风险的反应一样 - 恐慌。而这种恐慌经常为确信的投资者创造安全边际。
3、投资者对公司业务的了解不够清楚。这种情况常常发生在行业中，在一个行业背景下不同公司的细分市场和定位往往是存在区别，这意味着并非所有的公司对行业负面情况都会有一致的业绩反应。但当这种行业状况发生时，由于大量此类投资者的存在，会使得部分业绩不受影响的公司股价也受整个行业的影响而下跌，从而形成安全边际。
避免落入价值陷阱、寻找到安全边际的关键在于不能简单地从过去的经验出发，要对公司未来的业绩有着清晰的认识和预期。巴菲特将这种基于过去经验的投资称之为 “ 后视镜投资 ” ，永远只看见后方，而不能看见未来。深入了解公司的基本面，进行理性的分析，是给予公司内在价值合理评估和把握安全边际进行投资的重要前提。
Tuesday, December 9, 2008
Z-OBEE: Trading 65% below Net Asset Value
Mr Wang, the chairman, has a master's degree in engineering from the University of New South Wales. We set off to their factory at Xixiang Street, Jingangshan Industrial Zone, Baoan District.
Z-OBEE started off as an investment holding company in September 2002 dealing mainly in procurement and trading of electric components and mobile handsets. It ventured into PCB design solutions in 2004 and by 2006, it was able to provide full-set solutions - from product definition to production support.
To capitalise on the growth of the mobile handset industry, Z-OBEE acquired other design solutions house, Zeus, and established subsidiaries like PhoneLink and CCDH between 2004 and 2006.
Currently, PhoneLink focuses on developing 3G handset solutions while CCHD and Zeus focus on GSM solutions for different IC platforms. To differentiate itself from competitors, Z-OBEE expanded its range of services to offer customers a one-stop service solution, which includes the entire process from design to production of mobile handsets.
In March 2006, a joint venture company, Zhenhua OBEE, was established together with Zhenhua Technology and Full Wealth.
Zhenhua Technology is a licensed mobile handset manufacturer listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange. Mobile handsets designed by Z-OBEE can be manufactured by the Zhenhua Group and sold under the registered handset brand name of Zhenhua Technology by Z-OBEE’s distribution customers.
To strengthen its capabilities as a one-stop service centre and to improve its cost competitiveness, Tongqing Communication Equipment was established in March 2007 to provide PCBA and the assembly of semi-finished handsets.
Z-OBEE was listed on Singapore Exchange on 21 Nov 2007 at an IPO price of S$0.34, and 129.0m shares were offered, of which 88.0m were new shares and 41.0m vendor shares.
Stock has slumped from 34 cents at IPO about a year ago to 5.5 cents recently.
The NEW Z-OBEE
At the factory, Mr Mao Hong Jian, the Executive Deputy General Manager, gave us a presentation and showed us around. We were told that the new Z-OBEE is a mobile handset solutions house that can provide either full-set solutions service or a specific service at a specific stage, based on customers’ requirements.
Its full-set solutions service comprises the entire handset design cycle, which includes industrial design, mechanical design, software design, hardware design, procurement of hardware, prototype testing, pilot production and production support, and assembly of PCBA and completed handsets.
Z-OBEE serves two major groups of customers:
1) Licensed mobile handset manufacturer customers
Z-OBEE provides solutions mainly in the form of ID/MD and PCB Assembly (PCBA) to these customers who procure the hardware components, assemble the handsets and sell them under their brand names.
2) Mobile handset distributor customers
Z-OBEE provides handset designs and also procurement and production support services to distributors who cooperate with licensed mobile handset manufacturers to manufacture and sell their mobile handsets under manufacturers’ brands. Z-OBEE's production facilities are placed in Shenzhen under Tongqing and Zhenhua Obee.
Tongqing
To expand the capacity in providing one-stop solutions, Z-OBEE established Tongqing, a wholly foreign-owned entity in Shenzhen. In the past, Tongqing did not possess a mobile handset manufacturing license and did not engage in the manufacture of finished handsets. Instead, Tongqing engages in providing subcontracted manufacturing services for hardware used in mobile handsets (mainly PCBA) and assembling semi-finished handsets.
As the PRC government has announced the abolishment of the licensing for handset manufacturing business in late 2007, Z-OBEE can provide finished handset assembly services and sell its own brandname handsets.
The factory and office premises of Tongqing are located on a leased premise in Shenzhen, PRC, with a GFA of approximately 7,872 sq m.
Currently, Tongqing has five SMT lines with a total annual capacity of approximately five million pieces of PCBA. The five lines (Fuji brand) were bought last year, each costing USD 1 million. Mr Mao explained that the current utilization rate is around 70%. Tongqing also has five handset assembly lines, which can assemble approximately 2.4 million units of semi-finished handsets per annum. The factory commenced operations in August 2007.
Zhenhua Obee
The group’s joint venture vehicle, Zhenhua Obee, in which Z-OBEE has a 42% shareholding interest, has two SMT lines to carry out PCBA operations with a combined annual capacity of approximately 2.4 million units of PCBA. The production facilities of Zhenhua Obee are leased to and operated by Zhenhua Communication for a term of three years ending on 30 April 2009 for a monthly rental of RMB 314k. The production facilities of Zhenhua Obee are located in Shenzhen, PRC.
Z-OBEE management is determined to create value for the PRC mobile handset industry. Photo by Mephisto
Large growth potential in the PRC mobile handset industry
China is the world’s largest mobile handset market. According to CCID Consulting, the sales volume in China was 150 million units in 2007 or 24.1% above that of 2006. If black-market mobiles from smuggled, unregistered brands and other illegal products were included, the figure would have exceeded 200 million units.
In addition, over 60% of users changed their mobiles with over 90 million mobiles sold for this purpose. The reasons could be faster function upgrades, higher performance-price ratio, shorter product life cycle, and customized service by the network operators.
The latest report from CCID: Mobile phone sales in China hit a new high of 43.05 million sets or RMB$49b in the first quarter of 2008, up 4.02% YoY and 7.22% QoQ respectively, due mainly to the year-end and Spring Festival promotions launched by mobile phone retailers.
The sales volume is expected to hit 180 million units by the end of the year, representing an expected growth of 20%. Foreign brands gained 65% of the mobile phone market in China in 1Q08, slightly down from 67.5% in the same period of last year. Thus, local players like Z-OBEE have a lot of opportunity to wrestle market share from the foreign brands.
From 2001 to 2007, the number of subscribers grew from 145.2 million to 547.3 million, at a CAGR of 24.7%. In 2007, the number of new subscriber reached a new record in recent years with over 86 million new subscribers. This works out to over seven million new subscribers per month.
The Ministry of Industry and Information recently reported that the number of mobile phone subscribers in China has risen to more than 616 million by Aug 2008, a huge 68.7 million more subscribers than that at the end of 2007. Additionally, the telecom industry produced revenue of RMB$194.1 billion, up 10.8% YoY.
The average number of mobile handsets held by per 100 persons in China is relatively low at 41.6 units (or penetration rate of 41.6%), compared to 80 units held by per 100 persons (penetration rate of 80%) in mature markets. Therefore, many industry players believe there is still great potential for expansion in China, which in turn is likely to increase the demand for mobile handsets.
Business Strategies and Future Plans.
I asked Mr Wang, why he chose to compete in an industry dominated by local and foreign big boys. According to CCID Consulting, Nokia, Motorola, Samsung and Sony Ericsson still dominate the mobile phone market in the world’s fastest growing economy and account for more than 70% of all mobile phones sold there during the first half of this year.
During the first six months, around 295 million mobile phones were produced in China, and the figure is expected to exceed half a billion till the year’s end. Mr Wang replied with a laugh that this was exactly the reason he moved into this market. He has a corporate vision to become a leading mobile handset solutions provider with the brand name “OBEE” that offers services ranging from product definition, solutions design to production support, and to develop Z-OBEE's brandname handsets.
With this in mind, he has set out a number of strategies and future plans. Firstly, the group has plans to enhance its product development capabilities consistently and increase the size of its R&D team.
Secondly, he also intends to enlarge the product mix, enhance the efficiency of existing production facilities and penetrate overseas markets by setting up sales offices or forming strategic alliances. A Hong Kong marketing team was set up in early 2008 to penetrate the South Asia market.
Thirdly, Z-OBEE will develop a flagship brandname for the sales and marketing of its proprietary handsets.
Trading 65% Below NAV
At its last done price of 5.5 cents, Z-OBEE’s market capitalization was S$27.4 million, which is about 35% of its NAV (15 Singapore cents). It is trading at 2x FY2008 (March YE) earnings.
US$’ million 2007 2008 1Q2009
Revenue 46.3 119.6 37.6
Operating expenses -2.0 -5.8 -1.3
EBITDA 8.7 11.5 3.1
Profit before taxation 9.3 10.9
Net Profit 8.8 10.1 1.9
Number of shares (’million) 409.6 497.6 497.6
NAV 12.7 51.6 53.9
Current Liabilities 3.7 16.8 29.8
Non-current Liabilities 3.6 2.9 2.6
Cash and cash equivalents 4.4 19.1 10.8
Financial Ratios
Debtors turnover (days) 30.7 73.4 --
Stock turnover (days) 21.1 22.8 --
Creditor turnover (days) 3.7 23.6 --
The management guided that there will be minimal capex in 2009/2010. While there are some other developments going on con-currently, the use of additional capex is kept at a minimum. Small cap stocks tend to have high beta in volatile markets. But if there is one small cap which looks like it can withstand this market winter, it is Z-OBEE, which may well turn out to be a winner.
Z-OBEE started off as an investment holding company in September 2002 dealing mainly in procurement and trading of electric components and mobile handsets. It ventured into PCB design solutions in 2004 and by 2006, it was able to provide full-set solutions - from product definition to production support.
To capitalise on the growth of the mobile handset industry, Z-OBEE acquired other design solutions house, Zeus, and established subsidiaries like PhoneLink and CCDH between 2004 and 2006.
Currently, PhoneLink focuses on developing 3G handset solutions while CCHD and Zeus focus on GSM solutions for different IC platforms. To differentiate itself from competitors, Z-OBEE expanded its range of services to offer customers a one-stop service solution, which includes the entire process from design to production of mobile handsets.
In March 2006, a joint venture company, Zhenhua OBEE, was established together with Zhenhua Technology and Full Wealth.
Zhenhua Technology is a licensed mobile handset manufacturer listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange. Mobile handsets designed by Z-OBEE can be manufactured by the Zhenhua Group and sold under the registered handset brand name of Zhenhua Technology by Z-OBEE’s distribution customers.
To strengthen its capabilities as a one-stop service centre and to improve its cost competitiveness, Tongqing Communication Equipment was established in March 2007 to provide PCBA and the assembly of semi-finished handsets.
Z-OBEE was listed on Singapore Exchange on 21 Nov 2007 at an IPO price of S$0.34, and 129.0m shares were offered, of which 88.0m were new shares and 41.0m vendor shares.
Stock has slumped from 34 cents at IPO about a year ago to 5.5 cents recently.
The NEW Z-OBEE
At the factory, Mr Mao Hong Jian, the Executive Deputy General Manager, gave us a presentation and showed us around. We were told that the new Z-OBEE is a mobile handset solutions house that can provide either full-set solutions service or a specific service at a specific stage, based on customers’ requirements.
Its full-set solutions service comprises the entire handset design cycle, which includes industrial design, mechanical design, software design, hardware design, procurement of hardware, prototype testing, pilot production and production support, and assembly of PCBA and completed handsets.
Z-OBEE serves two major groups of customers:
1) Licensed mobile handset manufacturer customers
Z-OBEE provides solutions mainly in the form of ID/MD and PCB Assembly (PCBA) to these customers who procure the hardware components, assemble the handsets and sell them under their brand names.
2) Mobile handset distributor customers
Z-OBEE provides handset designs and also procurement and production support services to distributors who cooperate with licensed mobile handset manufacturers to manufacture and sell their mobile handsets under manufacturers’ brands. Z-OBEE's production facilities are placed in Shenzhen under Tongqing and Zhenhua Obee.
Tongqing
To expand the capacity in providing one-stop solutions, Z-OBEE established Tongqing, a wholly foreign-owned entity in Shenzhen. In the past, Tongqing did not possess a mobile handset manufacturing license and did not engage in the manufacture of finished handsets. Instead, Tongqing engages in providing subcontracted manufacturing services for hardware used in mobile handsets (mainly PCBA) and assembling semi-finished handsets.
As the PRC government has announced the abolishment of the licensing for handset manufacturing business in late 2007, Z-OBEE can provide finished handset assembly services and sell its own brandname handsets.
The factory and office premises of Tongqing are located on a leased premise in Shenzhen, PRC, with a GFA of approximately 7,872 sq m.
Currently, Tongqing has five SMT lines with a total annual capacity of approximately five million pieces of PCBA. The five lines (Fuji brand) were bought last year, each costing USD 1 million. Mr Mao explained that the current utilization rate is around 70%. Tongqing also has five handset assembly lines, which can assemble approximately 2.4 million units of semi-finished handsets per annum. The factory commenced operations in August 2007.
Zhenhua Obee
The group’s joint venture vehicle, Zhenhua Obee, in which Z-OBEE has a 42% shareholding interest, has two SMT lines to carry out PCBA operations with a combined annual capacity of approximately 2.4 million units of PCBA. The production facilities of Zhenhua Obee are leased to and operated by Zhenhua Communication for a term of three years ending on 30 April 2009 for a monthly rental of RMB 314k. The production facilities of Zhenhua Obee are located in Shenzhen, PRC.
Z-OBEE management is determined to create value for the PRC mobile handset industry. Photo by Mephisto
Large growth potential in the PRC mobile handset industry
China is the world’s largest mobile handset market. According to CCID Consulting, the sales volume in China was 150 million units in 2007 or 24.1% above that of 2006. If black-market mobiles from smuggled, unregistered brands and other illegal products were included, the figure would have exceeded 200 million units.
In addition, over 60% of users changed their mobiles with over 90 million mobiles sold for this purpose. The reasons could be faster function upgrades, higher performance-price ratio, shorter product life cycle, and customized service by the network operators.
The latest report from CCID: Mobile phone sales in China hit a new high of 43.05 million sets or RMB$49b in the first quarter of 2008, up 4.02% YoY and 7.22% QoQ respectively, due mainly to the year-end and Spring Festival promotions launched by mobile phone retailers.
The sales volume is expected to hit 180 million units by the end of the year, representing an expected growth of 20%. Foreign brands gained 65% of the mobile phone market in China in 1Q08, slightly down from 67.5% in the same period of last year. Thus, local players like Z-OBEE have a lot of opportunity to wrestle market share from the foreign brands.
From 2001 to 2007, the number of subscribers grew from 145.2 million to 547.3 million, at a CAGR of 24.7%. In 2007, the number of new subscriber reached a new record in recent years with over 86 million new subscribers. This works out to over seven million new subscribers per month.
The Ministry of Industry and Information recently reported that the number of mobile phone subscribers in China has risen to more than 616 million by Aug 2008, a huge 68.7 million more subscribers than that at the end of 2007. Additionally, the telecom industry produced revenue of RMB$194.1 billion, up 10.8% YoY.
The average number of mobile handsets held by per 100 persons in China is relatively low at 41.6 units (or penetration rate of 41.6%), compared to 80 units held by per 100 persons (penetration rate of 80%) in mature markets. Therefore, many industry players believe there is still great potential for expansion in China, which in turn is likely to increase the demand for mobile handsets.
Business Strategies and Future Plans.
I asked Mr Wang, why he chose to compete in an industry dominated by local and foreign big boys. According to CCID Consulting, Nokia, Motorola, Samsung and Sony Ericsson still dominate the mobile phone market in the world’s fastest growing economy and account for more than 70% of all mobile phones sold there during the first half of this year.
During the first six months, around 295 million mobile phones were produced in China, and the figure is expected to exceed half a billion till the year’s end. Mr Wang replied with a laugh that this was exactly the reason he moved into this market. He has a corporate vision to become a leading mobile handset solutions provider with the brand name “OBEE” that offers services ranging from product definition, solutions design to production support, and to develop Z-OBEE's brandname handsets.
With this in mind, he has set out a number of strategies and future plans. Firstly, the group has plans to enhance its product development capabilities consistently and increase the size of its R&D team.
Secondly, he also intends to enlarge the product mix, enhance the efficiency of existing production facilities and penetrate overseas markets by setting up sales offices or forming strategic alliances. A Hong Kong marketing team was set up in early 2008 to penetrate the South Asia market.
Thirdly, Z-OBEE will develop a flagship brandname for the sales and marketing of its proprietary handsets.
Trading 65% Below NAV
At its last done price of 5.5 cents, Z-OBEE’s market capitalization was S$27.4 million, which is about 35% of its NAV (15 Singapore cents). It is trading at 2x FY2008 (March YE) earnings.
US$’ million 2007 2008 1Q2009
Revenue 46.3 119.6 37.6
Operating expenses -2.0 -5.8 -1.3
EBITDA 8.7 11.5 3.1
Profit before taxation 9.3 10.9
Net Profit 8.8 10.1 1.9
Number of shares (’million) 409.6 497.6 497.6
NAV 12.7 51.6 53.9
Current Liabilities 3.7 16.8 29.8
Non-current Liabilities 3.6 2.9 2.6
Cash and cash equivalents 4.4 19.1 10.8
Financial Ratios
Debtors turnover (days) 30.7 73.4 --
Stock turnover (days) 21.1 22.8 --
Creditor turnover (days) 3.7 23.6 --
The management guided that there will be minimal capex in 2009/2010. While there are some other developments going on con-currently, the use of additional capex is kept at a minimum. Small cap stocks tend to have high beta in volatile markets. But if there is one small cap which looks like it can withstand this market winter, it is Z-OBEE, which may well turn out to be a winner.
BENJAMIN CHAN: "I'm a focused investor"
RECENTLY, PRIOR to a briefing Man Wah Holdings held on its latest financial performance, Benjamin Chan, 42, asked to be allowed to attend. He was not the target audience – that is, analysts and fund managers – but he was a very interested individual as he held a substantial stake of the stock.
In fact, Man Wah, a China-based sofa manufacturer, is the biggest holding in his portfolio. Having gained entry to the briefing at Republic Plaza, Benjamin, an actuary with an international reinsurer, made the most of it by asking question after question – instead of being contented with the 65 per cent jump in net profit which Man Wah had just unveiled for the first quarter of its new financial year ended June 30.
Even after the question-and-answer session ended and attendees started to leave, he was not done yet. Benjamin lingered behind with a few equally interested analysts and fund managers to speak with Man Wah’s finance director, Francis Lee – just so he could understand the business a little better.
It was at that event that I first met Benjamin. The one thing about him which people sooner or later sense is that he is very good with numbers, which in turn suggests that he has some key tools to analyse businesses and pick good stocks.
He says he has been good with numbers since his student days in Hong Kong, where he was born. But his overall academic results were just average and he didn’t secure a place in Hong Kong universities. So, despite not coming from a well-to-do family, he was able to head to New Zealand where, as luck would have it, foreign students paid the same fees as locals of about NZD 1,000 a year.
There, he “learnt to focus on studies and excelled in them. The discipline I developed during university years continue to help me in my actuarial career, which has one of the toughest professional exams in the world.”
Benjamin, a Singaporean citizen for the last 15 years, is married with a son, Bryan, 11, and daughter, Felicia, 13. His wife, Fiona, a Singaporean too, is a senior bank executive. The couple met in New Zealand during their undergraduate days, and now live in a condominium in Upper Bukit Timah.
Q: In this bear market, is your investment portfolio holding up well?
A: It’s down 50% from its peak in Oct 2007, though I still have a high single digit annual return since 2003 when I first moved to the value-investing approach. It is one thing to read about Mr Market (in Intelligent Investor and frequently quoted by Warren Buffett), but it is another thing to truly experience it like what we all are doing now. The emotional roller coaster can be overwhelming in a bear market.
Q: What have you been doing of late in the market? Buying or selling, or just sitting tight?
A: Sitting tight. I am paying particular attention to various companies’ business moats during this difficult time. I am talking about the operating environment the companies are in such as rising costs, the strengthening of yuan hitting export sales, and cut in export tax rebate. It is crucial to differentiate those who can maintain margins in this environment. If they can maintain their margins, there must be a moat around the company. This analysis will help to re-arrange my portfolio.
Q: Dangerous question: When do you think the Singapore market will bottom and start to recover?
A: The Singapore market is influenced by foreign fund movement. So I think it will recover when they come back to the market. I just don’t know when. No one can consistently predict the market. If I had been able to forsee the plunge in share prices, I would have sold all my holdings in Oct 2007!
Ben was born in HK and studied in New Zealand at a time when foreign students paid only NZD1,000 a year.
Q: What are your five key holdings and what percentage do they collectively represent in your portfolio?
A: They are Man Wah Holdings, Hongwei Technologies, Celestial Nutrifoods, Full Apex and Fung Choi Media. They represent 75% of my stock portfolio. You can tell that I am a focused investor!
Q: You are evidently keen on S-chips? Why?
A: It is not S-chips I am after but small caps. It just happens S-chips offer better value in Singapore – that is, they have low price-earnings ratios and high returns on equity. I am looking for multi-baggers and they are typically small caps. Also, over the long run it has been demonstrated that small caps outperform large caps and value investing outperforms other investment styles. As a result, a combination small cap and value should outperform other investment styles.
Having said that, there is a PE discount for China companies listed in SGX vis-a-vis their counterparts in China and Hong Kong. One of the reasons is that S-chips are on average much smaller in size than those in China and HK. This difference of valuation also makes S-chips attractive to me.
Q: When did you start investing and what led you to it?
A: About 10 years ago, my wife and I finished paying off the mortgage on our home. We came to recognise that with a long-term timeframe, investing in stocks is a good way to build up a nest egg. I had invested in unit trusts for a couple of years but eventually I realised that fund managers and unit holders are usually not aligned since most funds are structured with a fixed regular asset charge independent of fund performance.
One can argue that the better the fund performance, the higher the asset value, hence the higher the charge collected, but this is only a secondary effect. The point here is even though unit holders suffer losses, fund managers still take a cut from the assets under management. In addition, unit trusts usually charge large fees and invest in large caps which prevent them from outperforming.
Q: How different is your investment approach now compared with when you started putting money in stocks 10 years ago?
A: When I started, I wasn’t investing but simply speculating, hoping for a quick return. A 5-20% gain for each trade would be satisfying enough, though I wasn’t trading frequently and had never used margin financing for Singapore stocks.
I did use margin financing during the dot-com period via a US Internet trading account but the amount was relatively small. I eventually lost 95% of my capital and learnt a good lesson. Ironically, I didn’t look at fundamentals at all then despite my actuarial training.
I don’t use margin in investing, and have never sold short in Singapore. Debt and patience cannot mix.
Q: Was there any unforgettable experience arising from doing hard research and investing longer term?
A: My first move to value investing was with the stock of Jardine C&C. I accumulated it from 2002 to 2004. This was the first stock whose fundamentals I studied closely and did a lot of research on the Web. During this period, the stock price did not move much even though the fundamentals were improving.
I learnt that Indonesia car sales were increasing every month by checking Yahoo news on Astra every night, and as Astra has half the market, Jardine C&C’s profit result was bound to be good. So I kept adding shares to my holding when I had spare cash. My experience of holding C&C led me to change my investment style to holding a stock beyond a 5-20% gain. In 2005, I sold all when the Indonesian car market started to slow down. By then, my gain was more than 130%! I was very happy as it was a big gain to me in dollar terms at that time.
Ben has made more than 100% gains on MMI and Sembawang Kimtrans in the past.
Q: Sorry to interrupt, but can you give an idea of the gain?
A: Short of $400,000 – well, $386,000 to be exact. I could fully appreciate the inefficiency of the market in the sense that information of C&C fundamentals was there and yet this information was not fully recognised for a long time. The key lesson I learnt was that having the knowledge and information on a stock gives me an advantage in the marketplace.
During this period, I started to read investment books especially classic like Intelligent Investor, Common Stocks and Uncommon Profits and Essays of Warren Buffett. I began to understand that buying stock is like buying a portion of the business.
Q: Since selling Jardine C&C, was there any stock that you made big gains on?
A: There was MMI, which returned 141% and Sembawang Kimtrans, a 131% gain. My top 3 holdings now are Man Wah, Hongwei, and Celestial Nutrifoods - they are the multi-baggers in waiting, I hope. My gain on Celestial Nutrifoods did reach 300% - from 50 cents to $2 - at its peak in 2006 due mainly to PE expansion but I reckoned the price was still below the stock’s intrinsic value then so I didn’t sell. The business has been improving but the price-earnings ratio simply contracted as the market fell.
Q: How, if at all, does your training and work experience as an actuary help in your stock picking?
A: Probabilistic thinking, discount cash flow and long-term thinking are the core components of actuarial science. These are the tools most appropriate for investing. Like Warren Buffett, I don't do exact calculations of intrinsic value using discount cash flow, but roughly I can see a PE of 4-8x is attractive. The very high analytic skills and a sharp and quick mind every actuary has also help in research and analysing companies and business.
Q: Do you invest your wife’s savings as well? Given the financial nature of her work, does she have any investing skills or ideas to chip in?
A: Our savings are pooled. Some are under her name and some are under mine. I do the research and come up with recommendations – but all decisions are agreed jointly.
A very good book on investing.
Q: Earlier you talked about reading investment books. What’s a new solid book that you can recommend?
A: I have read almost all the classic investing books and I think most of the good stuff on investing has already been written. A recent book by Pat Dorsey (The Little Book that Builds Wealth) is a very good one. It focuses on business moats. I think they are the key to investment success and I have to admit that some of my stocks don't have many moats and I plan to let go some when the market turns.
Q: Let’s talk a bit about lifestyle: I guess you would be what is termed a high net-worth investor. Is yours a glittering lifestyle?
A: My lifestyle has not changed much in the last five years. I feel that how much money you have need not affect your lifestyle. My family shop and eat at the same places as before, and, predictable as it sounds, do the same things most Singaporeans do – that is, shop, watch TV and movies, for example. The only big-ticket item is travel, and we usually try to go on one long and one short trip a year.
The only difference is that in the past few years, I have developed a habit of spending one to two hours a night to go through a routine, which is:
- Check company announcements on the SGX website pertaining to my stocks.
- Check announcements for stocks on my watch list.
- Visit news and research websites to find out industry trends for some raw materials, etc.
- Visit some investment blogs and websites, both local and overseas.
- Occasionally do Google searches for information on my stocks.
In fact, Man Wah, a China-based sofa manufacturer, is the biggest holding in his portfolio. Having gained entry to the briefing at Republic Plaza, Benjamin, an actuary with an international reinsurer, made the most of it by asking question after question – instead of being contented with the 65 per cent jump in net profit which Man Wah had just unveiled for the first quarter of its new financial year ended June 30.
Even after the question-and-answer session ended and attendees started to leave, he was not done yet. Benjamin lingered behind with a few equally interested analysts and fund managers to speak with Man Wah’s finance director, Francis Lee – just so he could understand the business a little better.
It was at that event that I first met Benjamin. The one thing about him which people sooner or later sense is that he is very good with numbers, which in turn suggests that he has some key tools to analyse businesses and pick good stocks.
He says he has been good with numbers since his student days in Hong Kong, where he was born. But his overall academic results were just average and he didn’t secure a place in Hong Kong universities. So, despite not coming from a well-to-do family, he was able to head to New Zealand where, as luck would have it, foreign students paid the same fees as locals of about NZD 1,000 a year.
There, he “learnt to focus on studies and excelled in them. The discipline I developed during university years continue to help me in my actuarial career, which has one of the toughest professional exams in the world.”
Benjamin, a Singaporean citizen for the last 15 years, is married with a son, Bryan, 11, and daughter, Felicia, 13. His wife, Fiona, a Singaporean too, is a senior bank executive. The couple met in New Zealand during their undergraduate days, and now live in a condominium in Upper Bukit Timah.
Q: In this bear market, is your investment portfolio holding up well?
A: It’s down 50% from its peak in Oct 2007, though I still have a high single digit annual return since 2003 when I first moved to the value-investing approach. It is one thing to read about Mr Market (in Intelligent Investor and frequently quoted by Warren Buffett), but it is another thing to truly experience it like what we all are doing now. The emotional roller coaster can be overwhelming in a bear market.
Q: What have you been doing of late in the market? Buying or selling, or just sitting tight?
A: Sitting tight. I am paying particular attention to various companies’ business moats during this difficult time. I am talking about the operating environment the companies are in such as rising costs, the strengthening of yuan hitting export sales, and cut in export tax rebate. It is crucial to differentiate those who can maintain margins in this environment. If they can maintain their margins, there must be a moat around the company. This analysis will help to re-arrange my portfolio.
Q: Dangerous question: When do you think the Singapore market will bottom and start to recover?
A: The Singapore market is influenced by foreign fund movement. So I think it will recover when they come back to the market. I just don’t know when. No one can consistently predict the market. If I had been able to forsee the plunge in share prices, I would have sold all my holdings in Oct 2007!
Ben was born in HK and studied in New Zealand at a time when foreign students paid only NZD1,000 a year.
Q: What are your five key holdings and what percentage do they collectively represent in your portfolio?
A: They are Man Wah Holdings, Hongwei Technologies, Celestial Nutrifoods, Full Apex and Fung Choi Media. They represent 75% of my stock portfolio. You can tell that I am a focused investor!
Q: You are evidently keen on S-chips? Why?
A: It is not S-chips I am after but small caps. It just happens S-chips offer better value in Singapore – that is, they have low price-earnings ratios and high returns on equity. I am looking for multi-baggers and they are typically small caps. Also, over the long run it has been demonstrated that small caps outperform large caps and value investing outperforms other investment styles. As a result, a combination small cap and value should outperform other investment styles.
Having said that, there is a PE discount for China companies listed in SGX vis-a-vis their counterparts in China and Hong Kong. One of the reasons is that S-chips are on average much smaller in size than those in China and HK. This difference of valuation also makes S-chips attractive to me.
Q: When did you start investing and what led you to it?
A: About 10 years ago, my wife and I finished paying off the mortgage on our home. We came to recognise that with a long-term timeframe, investing in stocks is a good way to build up a nest egg. I had invested in unit trusts for a couple of years but eventually I realised that fund managers and unit holders are usually not aligned since most funds are structured with a fixed regular asset charge independent of fund performance.
One can argue that the better the fund performance, the higher the asset value, hence the higher the charge collected, but this is only a secondary effect. The point here is even though unit holders suffer losses, fund managers still take a cut from the assets under management. In addition, unit trusts usually charge large fees and invest in large caps which prevent them from outperforming.
Q: How different is your investment approach now compared with when you started putting money in stocks 10 years ago?
A: When I started, I wasn’t investing but simply speculating, hoping for a quick return. A 5-20% gain for each trade would be satisfying enough, though I wasn’t trading frequently and had never used margin financing for Singapore stocks.
I did use margin financing during the dot-com period via a US Internet trading account but the amount was relatively small. I eventually lost 95% of my capital and learnt a good lesson. Ironically, I didn’t look at fundamentals at all then despite my actuarial training.
I don’t use margin in investing, and have never sold short in Singapore. Debt and patience cannot mix.
Q: Was there any unforgettable experience arising from doing hard research and investing longer term?
A: My first move to value investing was with the stock of Jardine C&C. I accumulated it from 2002 to 2004. This was the first stock whose fundamentals I studied closely and did a lot of research on the Web. During this period, the stock price did not move much even though the fundamentals were improving.
I learnt that Indonesia car sales were increasing every month by checking Yahoo news on Astra every night, and as Astra has half the market, Jardine C&C’s profit result was bound to be good. So I kept adding shares to my holding when I had spare cash. My experience of holding C&C led me to change my investment style to holding a stock beyond a 5-20% gain. In 2005, I sold all when the Indonesian car market started to slow down. By then, my gain was more than 130%! I was very happy as it was a big gain to me in dollar terms at that time.
Ben has made more than 100% gains on MMI and Sembawang Kimtrans in the past.
Q: Sorry to interrupt, but can you give an idea of the gain?
A: Short of $400,000 – well, $386,000 to be exact. I could fully appreciate the inefficiency of the market in the sense that information of C&C fundamentals was there and yet this information was not fully recognised for a long time. The key lesson I learnt was that having the knowledge and information on a stock gives me an advantage in the marketplace.
During this period, I started to read investment books especially classic like Intelligent Investor, Common Stocks and Uncommon Profits and Essays of Warren Buffett. I began to understand that buying stock is like buying a portion of the business.
Q: Since selling Jardine C&C, was there any stock that you made big gains on?
A: There was MMI, which returned 141% and Sembawang Kimtrans, a 131% gain. My top 3 holdings now are Man Wah, Hongwei, and Celestial Nutrifoods - they are the multi-baggers in waiting, I hope. My gain on Celestial Nutrifoods did reach 300% - from 50 cents to $2 - at its peak in 2006 due mainly to PE expansion but I reckoned the price was still below the stock’s intrinsic value then so I didn’t sell. The business has been improving but the price-earnings ratio simply contracted as the market fell.
Q: How, if at all, does your training and work experience as an actuary help in your stock picking?
A: Probabilistic thinking, discount cash flow and long-term thinking are the core components of actuarial science. These are the tools most appropriate for investing. Like Warren Buffett, I don't do exact calculations of intrinsic value using discount cash flow, but roughly I can see a PE of 4-8x is attractive. The very high analytic skills and a sharp and quick mind every actuary has also help in research and analysing companies and business.
Q: Do you invest your wife’s savings as well? Given the financial nature of her work, does she have any investing skills or ideas to chip in?
A: Our savings are pooled. Some are under her name and some are under mine. I do the research and come up with recommendations – but all decisions are agreed jointly.
A very good book on investing.
Q: Earlier you talked about reading investment books. What’s a new solid book that you can recommend?
A: I have read almost all the classic investing books and I think most of the good stuff on investing has already been written. A recent book by Pat Dorsey (The Little Book that Builds Wealth) is a very good one. It focuses on business moats. I think they are the key to investment success and I have to admit that some of my stocks don't have many moats and I plan to let go some when the market turns.
Q: Let’s talk a bit about lifestyle: I guess you would be what is termed a high net-worth investor. Is yours a glittering lifestyle?
A: My lifestyle has not changed much in the last five years. I feel that how much money you have need not affect your lifestyle. My family shop and eat at the same places as before, and, predictable as it sounds, do the same things most Singaporeans do – that is, shop, watch TV and movies, for example. The only big-ticket item is travel, and we usually try to go on one long and one short trip a year.
The only difference is that in the past few years, I have developed a habit of spending one to two hours a night to go through a routine, which is:
- Check company announcements on the SGX website pertaining to my stocks.
- Check announcements for stocks on my watch list.
- Visit news and research websites to find out industry trends for some raw materials, etc.
- Visit some investment blogs and websites, both local and overseas.
- Occasionally do Google searches for information on my stocks.
Monday, December 8, 2008
Obama: Economy 'a big problem, and it's going to get worse'
President-elect Barack Obama braced the country for more tough times Sunday, saying twice in an interview that the nation’s already dismal economy would continue to worsen in the months ahead.
Obama, speaking to Tom Brokaw on NBC’s “Meet the Press,” used some of his starkest language yet to underscore the severity of the challenge he’ll face upon taking office next month.
“If you look at the unemployment numbers that came out yesterday, if you think about almost 2 million jobs lost so far, if you think about the fragility of the financial system and the fact that it is now a global financial system so that what happens in Thailand or Russia can have an impact here, and obviously what happens on Wall Street has an impact worldwide, when you think about the structural problems that we already had in the economy before the financial crisis, this is a big problem, and it's going to get worse,” he said in the interview taped Saturday.
Later in the interview Obama reiterated his downbeat projection, saying, “Things are going to get worse before they get better.”
Obama’s assessment, offered with an eye toward lowering the already considerable expectations on his shoulders, comes two days after the worst monthly job losses in over three decades, and a day after he proposed a series of ways to marry job-creation with infrastructure improvements in the forthcoming economic stimulus package.
In the wide-ranging appearance, Obama once again gave strong indications that he’s backing off his stance on two key campaign pledges – whether to repeal President George W. Bush’s tax cuts for the rich, and his call for bringing U.S. combat troops home from Iraq in 16 months. On a lighter note, he sketched a vision of an Obama White House alive with cultural and musical events, saying he hoped to include children from local Washington, D.C., schools.
But the economy dominated the discussion. Obama, who has been largely restrained from leveling political criticism during the transition period, took shots at Congress and the current administration for their handling of the crisis.
He told Brokaw that decisions based on where to focus infrastructure improvements would be based on merit, and “not in the old, traditional politics-first way.”
In an unambiguous brush-back to his former colleagues Obama said, “You know, the days of just pork coming out of Congress as a strategy, those days are over.”
And after weeks of public magnanimity toward the Bush administration and much cooperation between the outgoing and incoming economic teams, Obama expressed irritation at what he described as a lack of urgency on the part of the incumbent about offering mortgage assistance to struggling homeowners.
“I'm disappointed that we haven't seen quicker movement on this issue by the administration,” Obama said. “We have said publicly and privately that we want to see a package that helps homeowners not just because it's good for that particular homeowner; it's good for the community.’
But pressed by Brokaw if he or his advisers had conveyed their unhappiness on the mortgage question to the Bush administration, Obama dodged. “We have specifically said that moving forward we have to have a housing component to any actions that we take. If we are only dealing with Wall Street and we're not dealing with Main Street, then we're only handling one half of the problem,” he said.
Obama also wouldn’t delve too deeply into the woes of the automakers, or answer specifically if they should be given government oversight, but did make clear he wanted to see financial assistance to the Big Three tied to reforms.
“They're going to have to restructure, and all their stakeholders are going to have to restructure—labor, management, shareholders, creditors—everybody is going to recognize that they have—they do not have a sustainable business model right now,” Obama said. “And if they expect taxpayers to help in that adjustment process, then they can't keep on putting off the kinds of changes that they frankly should have made 20 or 30 years ago. If they want to survive, then they better start building a fuel-efficient car. And if they want to survive, they've got to recognize that the auto market is not going to be as large as some of their rosy scenarios that they put forward over the last several years.”
On taxes, the president-elect suggested he would avoid any increases in the near term. He rejected the prospect of putting a fuel surcharge on falling gas prices to fund alternative energy, saying that “putting additional burdens on American families right now, I think, is a mistake.”
And he signaled that his campaign pledge to raise taxes on the rich may be put off, something his economic advisers have been saying quietly for weeks.
“My economic team right now is examining -- do we repeal that through legislation?” Obama said of the Bush tax cuts for those Americans making over $250,000 per year. “Do we let it lapse so that, when the Bush tax cuts expire, they're not renewed when it comes to wealthiest Americans?”
Obama, speaking to Tom Brokaw on NBC’s “Meet the Press,” used some of his starkest language yet to underscore the severity of the challenge he’ll face upon taking office next month.
“If you look at the unemployment numbers that came out yesterday, if you think about almost 2 million jobs lost so far, if you think about the fragility of the financial system and the fact that it is now a global financial system so that what happens in Thailand or Russia can have an impact here, and obviously what happens on Wall Street has an impact worldwide, when you think about the structural problems that we already had in the economy before the financial crisis, this is a big problem, and it's going to get worse,” he said in the interview taped Saturday.
Later in the interview Obama reiterated his downbeat projection, saying, “Things are going to get worse before they get better.”
Obama’s assessment, offered with an eye toward lowering the already considerable expectations on his shoulders, comes two days after the worst monthly job losses in over three decades, and a day after he proposed a series of ways to marry job-creation with infrastructure improvements in the forthcoming economic stimulus package.
In the wide-ranging appearance, Obama once again gave strong indications that he’s backing off his stance on two key campaign pledges – whether to repeal President George W. Bush’s tax cuts for the rich, and his call for bringing U.S. combat troops home from Iraq in 16 months. On a lighter note, he sketched a vision of an Obama White House alive with cultural and musical events, saying he hoped to include children from local Washington, D.C., schools.
But the economy dominated the discussion. Obama, who has been largely restrained from leveling political criticism during the transition period, took shots at Congress and the current administration for their handling of the crisis.
He told Brokaw that decisions based on where to focus infrastructure improvements would be based on merit, and “not in the old, traditional politics-first way.”
In an unambiguous brush-back to his former colleagues Obama said, “You know, the days of just pork coming out of Congress as a strategy, those days are over.”
And after weeks of public magnanimity toward the Bush administration and much cooperation between the outgoing and incoming economic teams, Obama expressed irritation at what he described as a lack of urgency on the part of the incumbent about offering mortgage assistance to struggling homeowners.
“I'm disappointed that we haven't seen quicker movement on this issue by the administration,” Obama said. “We have said publicly and privately that we want to see a package that helps homeowners not just because it's good for that particular homeowner; it's good for the community.’
But pressed by Brokaw if he or his advisers had conveyed their unhappiness on the mortgage question to the Bush administration, Obama dodged. “We have specifically said that moving forward we have to have a housing component to any actions that we take. If we are only dealing with Wall Street and we're not dealing with Main Street, then we're only handling one half of the problem,” he said.
Obama also wouldn’t delve too deeply into the woes of the automakers, or answer specifically if they should be given government oversight, but did make clear he wanted to see financial assistance to the Big Three tied to reforms.
“They're going to have to restructure, and all their stakeholders are going to have to restructure—labor, management, shareholders, creditors—everybody is going to recognize that they have—they do not have a sustainable business model right now,” Obama said. “And if they expect taxpayers to help in that adjustment process, then they can't keep on putting off the kinds of changes that they frankly should have made 20 or 30 years ago. If they want to survive, then they better start building a fuel-efficient car. And if they want to survive, they've got to recognize that the auto market is not going to be as large as some of their rosy scenarios that they put forward over the last several years.”
On taxes, the president-elect suggested he would avoid any increases in the near term. He rejected the prospect of putting a fuel surcharge on falling gas prices to fund alternative energy, saying that “putting additional burdens on American families right now, I think, is a mistake.”
And he signaled that his campaign pledge to raise taxes on the rich may be put off, something his economic advisers have been saying quietly for weeks.
“My economic team right now is examining -- do we repeal that through legislation?” Obama said of the Bush tax cuts for those Americans making over $250,000 per year. “Do we let it lapse so that, when the Bush tax cuts expire, they're not renewed when it comes to wealthiest Americans?”
Friday, December 5, 2008
当知更鸟出现时
“如果你要等到知更鸟报春，春天都快过去了。”
在金融海啸蹂躝下，全球股市，疮痍满目，令人不忍卒睹。
到底股市何时才跌到谷底？什么时候才是最好的买进时机？
许多人都想知道此类问题的答案。
许多分析家和股票研究机构，都企图寻找答案。
这类的文章太多了，而且似乎都言之成理，看得多了，反而使人眼花缭乱，无所适从。
在我所读过的文章中，股神巴菲特10月17日在纽约时报发表的“我买美国（的前途）”，是我认为最精彩的一篇。
“股神”沃伦·巴菲特在《纽约时报》上的一篇评论中说，现在是美股抄底的好时机。
巴菲特此前就美股顶底发出过3次声音，最近一次是1999年11月网络泡沫膨胀时。从历史经验看，巴菲特对顶部和底部的判断要比市场早数月至半年。正如他自己强调的那样：“我无法预测股市的短期走势。”
“我一直在买”
“我一直在购买美国股票。”巴菲特在上述评论中说，他的个人账户以前只买美国政府债券，而现在如果股价继续有吸引力，他所有非伯克希尔·哈撒韦公司的净资产将全部用于购买美股。
巴菲特最近数次逆市购买美国企业股票：9月23日，宣布通过购买股权方式向高盛注资50亿美元；10月1日宣布，将斥资30亿美元，通过伯克希尔·哈撒韦公司认购通用电气优先股。
巴菲特把购买美股的原因简单归为一个原则：当别人贪婪时胆怯，当别人胆怯时贪婪。他乐观预期，尽管美国许多优秀企业会有短期利润波动，但大多数大公司从现在开始5年、10年和20年内赢利水平会不断创新高。
他列举了一系列历史事实说明，在市场情绪或经济都转好之前，股票市场就会大涨。今年标普500指数已下跌36%，道琼斯指数4年来第一次跌破10000点。“坏消息是投资者最好的朋友，它可以让你以很低的市场价格分享到美国未来的一杯羹。”巴菲特说。
巴菲特警告持现金等价物的人们，政府当前处理危机的政策可能会导致通胀、加速现金账户贬值。“今后10年内优先股表现很大程度上将超过现金。”
市场反响
投资者似乎遵从了“股神”的意见，道琼斯指数当天下午“应声”上涨近3%，但最终还是在抛盘打压下收损。《永恒的价值：沃伦·巴菲特的故事》作者安德鲁·帕特里克表示，巴菲特说的是长期看好，这就是他的经典之处。
据《福布斯》杂志最新排名，巴菲特是世界上最富有的人。作为投资大师，他的一举一动似乎都对投资市场有风向标的作用，有人把这称为“巴菲特效应”。
CNBC的调查显示，68%的投资者表示会追随巴菲特抄底，32%的人则拒绝“股神”的建议。
新泽西州的罗伯特·努斯鲍姆指出，大多数美国人并不认为他们有足够剩余资产，能在看到投资回报前的15~20年把钱都“封存”在股市里。“我们需要安全网确保我们的钱袋顺利度过这段艰难时期。”他说，对大多数人来说，巴菲特的建议给得太少、太晚。
《雪球：巴菲特和他的商业生命》作者爱丽丝·施罗德说，巴菲特喜欢为人师，世界上越来越多的人也接受了他的观点。他这样做的意图不是为了改变市场进程，只是想告诉那些开明和愿意接受意见的人他们需要知道的东西，以便于采取行动。
《纽约时报》的一位读者回信说：“我不知道股市会对巴菲特的言论如何反应，但他请求我们重视历史的教训，并继续对美国保持忠诚和自信。这体现了近期政治领导人缺乏的品质：领袖魅力。”
在金融海啸蹂躝下，全球股市，疮痍满目，令人不忍卒睹。
到底股市何时才跌到谷底？什么时候才是最好的买进时机？
许多人都想知道此类问题的答案。
许多分析家和股票研究机构，都企图寻找答案。
这类的文章太多了，而且似乎都言之成理，看得多了，反而使人眼花缭乱，无所适从。
在我所读过的文章中，股神巴菲特10月17日在纽约时报发表的“我买美国（的前途）”，是我认为最精彩的一篇。
“股神”沃伦·巴菲特在《纽约时报》上的一篇评论中说，现在是美股抄底的好时机。
巴菲特此前就美股顶底发出过3次声音，最近一次是1999年11月网络泡沫膨胀时。从历史经验看，巴菲特对顶部和底部的判断要比市场早数月至半年。正如他自己强调的那样：“我无法预测股市的短期走势。”
“我一直在买”
“我一直在购买美国股票。”巴菲特在上述评论中说，他的个人账户以前只买美国政府债券，而现在如果股价继续有吸引力，他所有非伯克希尔·哈撒韦公司的净资产将全部用于购买美股。
巴菲特最近数次逆市购买美国企业股票：9月23日，宣布通过购买股权方式向高盛注资50亿美元；10月1日宣布，将斥资30亿美元，通过伯克希尔·哈撒韦公司认购通用电气优先股。
巴菲特把购买美股的原因简单归为一个原则：当别人贪婪时胆怯，当别人胆怯时贪婪。他乐观预期，尽管美国许多优秀企业会有短期利润波动，但大多数大公司从现在开始5年、10年和20年内赢利水平会不断创新高。
他列举了一系列历史事实说明，在市场情绪或经济都转好之前，股票市场就会大涨。今年标普500指数已下跌36%，道琼斯指数4年来第一次跌破10000点。“坏消息是投资者最好的朋友，它可以让你以很低的市场价格分享到美国未来的一杯羹。”巴菲特说。
巴菲特警告持现金等价物的人们，政府当前处理危机的政策可能会导致通胀、加速现金账户贬值。“今后10年内优先股表现很大程度上将超过现金。”
市场反响
投资者似乎遵从了“股神”的意见，道琼斯指数当天下午“应声”上涨近3%，但最终还是在抛盘打压下收损。《永恒的价值：沃伦·巴菲特的故事》作者安德鲁·帕特里克表示，巴菲特说的是长期看好，这就是他的经典之处。
据《福布斯》杂志最新排名，巴菲特是世界上最富有的人。作为投资大师，他的一举一动似乎都对投资市场有风向标的作用，有人把这称为“巴菲特效应”。
CNBC的调查显示，68%的投资者表示会追随巴菲特抄底，32%的人则拒绝“股神”的建议。
新泽西州的罗伯特·努斯鲍姆指出，大多数美国人并不认为他们有足够剩余资产，能在看到投资回报前的15~20年把钱都“封存”在股市里。“我们需要安全网确保我们的钱袋顺利度过这段艰难时期。”他说，对大多数人来说，巴菲特的建议给得太少、太晚。
《雪球：巴菲特和他的商业生命》作者爱丽丝·施罗德说，巴菲特喜欢为人师，世界上越来越多的人也接受了他的观点。他这样做的意图不是为了改变市场进程，只是想告诉那些开明和愿意接受意见的人他们需要知道的东西，以便于采取行动。
《纽约时报》的一位读者回信说：“我不知道股市会对巴菲特的言论如何反应，但他请求我们重视历史的教训，并继续对美国保持忠诚和自信。这体现了近期政治领导人缺乏的品质：领袖魅力。”
曾渊沧@股友通讯录 十二月
上一次的通讯中，我告诉大家10 月28 日当海峡时报指数跌至1473 点时，已跌至《曾氏通道》的95%悲观线。过去10年，每逢海峡时报指数对数跌至《曾氏通道》的95%悲观线时，熊市就恰恰好结束；那是1998年，2003年。同样的，升破《曾氏通道》的95%乐观线时，牛事也恰恰好结束；那是1997年，2000年，及2007年。也因此，去年年底我很大胆地出版一本书，书名是《迎战转势》，告诉所有的人，牛市结束了。
从10月28日至今，海峡时报指数反弹了，但依然起起落落，波幅很大，投资者依然很担心，人人都说明年经济会更差。看淡经济，自然看淡股市。但是，我想告诉你：你知不知道，2003年海峡时报指数在甚麽时候见底回升？原来是2003年3月11日，当时海峡时报跌至1205点，之后就再也没有跌破这个低点。
还记得2003年的3月是什麽日子，那是SARS 刚刚暴发期，人人都慌得很，4月份SARS的高峰期时，新加坡有如鬼城，人人都对前景非常悲观。但是，股市却已度过最低潮的日子，一个新牛市开始了。
股市的确是很奇妙，往往在经济仍然暗淡的时候，已经见底回升，在人人兴高采烈，庆祝经济蓬勃发展时见顶回落。2003年至2007年是我投资史中最丰收的4 年，累积了目前足以轻松过下半辈子的财富。今日，我是属於已经《上了岸》的人，无复当年之勇。1998 年与2003年，我是奋身而入，将所有可以动用的现金一次过全投入股市。现在，《上了岸》的心态使我依然保有适量现金及适量股票，再加上房地产，维持一个比较平衡的资产分配。不过，如果你仍然年轻，手上的现金属於丢到海里都无所谓的话，胆子不妨大一些。记住，机会不是经常
有。但更要记住，入市的心态一定得是长期投资。
我的所谓长期投资是至少3年。现在，许多人都在批评，讥笑以长期投资出名的股神巴菲特。这些人在3个月前想捞底入市，结果股价一跌再跌，持货3 个月亏了一大截，就大骂长期投资，害人不浅。这是错误的。3个月，甚至一年，两年都不是长期投资；你知道吗，巴菲特手上的股票，平均持有时间是17年，这才叫做长期投资。
还有，长期投资者的入市时间也很重要，不是要你在海指3800 点时入市搞长期投资，不是要你在海指由高位下跌半年之后就入市捞底不成然后被逼长线投资。过去一年，当股市由最高位下跌时，我不断地说，熊市最短是一年，在一年之内都只能短炒博反弹，不是什麽长线投资的机会。 长线投资只应该在海峡时报指数跌穿《曾氏通道》的底线，平均P/E不足10倍才出手。
从10月28日至今，海峡时报指数反弹了，但依然起起落落，波幅很大，投资者依然很担心，人人都说明年经济会更差。看淡经济，自然看淡股市。但是，我想告诉你：你知不知道，2003年海峡时报指数在甚麽时候见底回升？原来是2003年3月11日，当时海峡时报跌至1205点，之后就再也没有跌破这个低点。
还记得2003年的3月是什麽日子，那是SARS 刚刚暴发期，人人都慌得很，4月份SARS的高峰期时，新加坡有如鬼城，人人都对前景非常悲观。但是，股市却已度过最低潮的日子，一个新牛市开始了。
股市的确是很奇妙，往往在经济仍然暗淡的时候，已经见底回升，在人人兴高采烈，庆祝经济蓬勃发展时见顶回落。2003年至2007年是我投资史中最丰收的4 年，累积了目前足以轻松过下半辈子的财富。今日，我是属於已经《上了岸》的人，无复当年之勇。1998 年与2003年，我是奋身而入，将所有可以动用的现金一次过全投入股市。现在，《上了岸》的心态使我依然保有适量现金及适量股票，再加上房地产，维持一个比较平衡的资产分配。不过，如果你仍然年轻，手上的现金属於丢到海里都无所谓的话，胆子不妨大一些。记住，机会不是经常
有。但更要记住，入市的心态一定得是长期投资。
我的所谓长期投资是至少3年。现在，许多人都在批评，讥笑以长期投资出名的股神巴菲特。这些人在3个月前想捞底入市，结果股价一跌再跌，持货3 个月亏了一大截，就大骂长期投资，害人不浅。这是错误的。3个月，甚至一年，两年都不是长期投资；你知道吗，巴菲特手上的股票，平均持有时间是17年，这才叫做长期投资。
还有，长期投资者的入市时间也很重要，不是要你在海指3800 点时入市搞长期投资，不是要你在海指由高位下跌半年之后就入市捞底不成然后被逼长线投资。过去一年，当股市由最高位下跌时，我不断地说，熊市最短是一年，在一年之内都只能短炒博反弹，不是什麽长线投资的机会。 长线投资只应该在海峡时报指数跌穿《曾氏通道》的底线，平均P/E不足10倍才出手。
Saturday, November 29, 2008
Betting your shirt on property
Switching from clothes to property, the Singapore brand remains very viable
FOR those who want to foray into real-estate investment trusts (Reits) but are finding them a tad too expensive, a cheaper alternative would be former shirt maker and retailer Second Chance Properties.
It is not exactly a Reit in the strict sense, as it has other businesses, including apparel, gold, jewellery and securities investment. But, Second Chance’s founder and head honcho Mr Mohamed Salleh has over the last few years built up an extensive portfolio of small properties (60 to be exact) at a cost of some $87 million.
These range from outlets in shopping malls like Lucky Plaza, Far East Plaza, City Plaza and Peninsula Plaza to shophouses in housing board estates like in Geylang, Ang Mo Kio, Serangoon North, Toa Payoh, Jurong and Tampines.
An end-June valuation of all the properties by Jones Lang LaSalle showed they were worth some $118.4 million, an increase of $15.1 million over the previous year. The properties account for most of the group’s total assets of $158.56 million.
In the last financial year, which ended June 30, the company’s property division was the largest contributor to pre-tax profits accounting for $21.12 million of the $26.9 million earned.
The securities division, which contributed $12.81 million in FY2007, saw a sharp decline in pre-tax earnings to just $1.6 million in the wake of the United States sub-prime mortgages crisis.
Pre-tax contribution from its apparel division amounted to $2.69 million($2.06 million previously) while the gold and diamond jewellery section earned $4.03 million ($3.76 million).
What makes Second Chance so attractive is its dividend policy of announcing what it is going to pay, way in advance. For instance, it announced on Aug 27 this year that it will be recommending a tax-exempt dividend of 3.5 cents a share for the financial year ending June 2009 and 3.8 cents a share for FY 2010.
This amounts to yields of over 10 per cent on its current share price of just over 30 cents apiece, well over what you can get from putting money in the bank, or even from most other regular Reits on the market here.
Asked how Second Chance can make such promises,Mr Mohamed, who started out as a men’s tailor in 1974 in Peninsula Plaza, points out that rentals have been locked-in for the next few years for most of the properties.
“While some properties come to the end of their tenancy, others are being renewed. Many of our tenants are also in for the long haul and stay with us,”Mr Mohamed says.
Apart from his own-use outlets for his jewellery and apparel business, tenants include such well-known names as Bossini, Giordano, Hang Ten and 7-Eleven.
But, as in all other investments in equities, an investor in Second Chance runs the risk of a falling share price, which in the worst case, could wipe out almost every cent invested.
On the other hand, one also stands to gain from a run-up in share prices, offering a handsome return on both capital outlay and in dividends.
Second Chance’s foray into property like its name was by chance. Just after it got listed in 1997, the region was hit by the financial crisis which wiped out billions of dollars in the value of shares and properties.
“We had raised $5.4 million from the listing and with the crash of the property market we saw an opportunity to buy on the cheap,” he recalled with glee and pride.
The company was able to raise another $5 million from the sale of his gold business “and with the $10 million or so in capital, we were to leverage that and buy $30 million worth of properties”.
And so, in 1999, Mr Mohamed changed the name of his company from Second Chance Enterprises to Second Chance Properties to better reflect the change in its core business.
Perhaps investors would do well to have a second look at the company.
Source : Today - 18 Sep 2008
FOR those who want to foray into real-estate investment trusts (Reits) but are finding them a tad too expensive, a cheaper alternative would be former shirt maker and retailer Second Chance Properties.
It is not exactly a Reit in the strict sense, as it has other businesses, including apparel, gold, jewellery and securities investment. But, Second Chance’s founder and head honcho Mr Mohamed Salleh has over the last few years built up an extensive portfolio of small properties (60 to be exact) at a cost of some $87 million.
These range from outlets in shopping malls like Lucky Plaza, Far East Plaza, City Plaza and Peninsula Plaza to shophouses in housing board estates like in Geylang, Ang Mo Kio, Serangoon North, Toa Payoh, Jurong and Tampines.
An end-June valuation of all the properties by Jones Lang LaSalle showed they were worth some $118.4 million, an increase of $15.1 million over the previous year. The properties account for most of the group’s total assets of $158.56 million.
In the last financial year, which ended June 30, the company’s property division was the largest contributor to pre-tax profits accounting for $21.12 million of the $26.9 million earned.
The securities division, which contributed $12.81 million in FY2007, saw a sharp decline in pre-tax earnings to just $1.6 million in the wake of the United States sub-prime mortgages crisis.
Pre-tax contribution from its apparel division amounted to $2.69 million($2.06 million previously) while the gold and diamond jewellery section earned $4.03 million ($3.76 million).
What makes Second Chance so attractive is its dividend policy of announcing what it is going to pay, way in advance. For instance, it announced on Aug 27 this year that it will be recommending a tax-exempt dividend of 3.5 cents a share for the financial year ending June 2009 and 3.8 cents a share for FY 2010.
This amounts to yields of over 10 per cent on its current share price of just over 30 cents apiece, well over what you can get from putting money in the bank, or even from most other regular Reits on the market here.
Asked how Second Chance can make such promises,Mr Mohamed, who started out as a men’s tailor in 1974 in Peninsula Plaza, points out that rentals have been locked-in for the next few years for most of the properties.
“While some properties come to the end of their tenancy, others are being renewed. Many of our tenants are also in for the long haul and stay with us,”Mr Mohamed says.
Apart from his own-use outlets for his jewellery and apparel business, tenants include such well-known names as Bossini, Giordano, Hang Ten and 7-Eleven.
But, as in all other investments in equities, an investor in Second Chance runs the risk of a falling share price, which in the worst case, could wipe out almost every cent invested.
On the other hand, one also stands to gain from a run-up in share prices, offering a handsome return on both capital outlay and in dividends.
Second Chance’s foray into property like its name was by chance. Just after it got listed in 1997, the region was hit by the financial crisis which wiped out billions of dollars in the value of shares and properties.
“We had raised $5.4 million from the listing and with the crash of the property market we saw an opportunity to buy on the cheap,” he recalled with glee and pride.
The company was able to raise another $5 million from the sale of his gold business “and with the $10 million or so in capital, we were to leverage that and buy $30 million worth of properties”.
And so, in 1999, Mr Mohamed changed the name of his company from Second Chance Enterprises to Second Chance Properties to better reflect the change in its core business.
Perhaps investors would do well to have a second look at the company.
Source : Today - 18 Sep 2008
Second Chance Properties Limited
Business Description
2nd Chance was listed on the SGX-Sesdaq on 24 January 1997, and upgraded to the Mainboard on 2 March 2004. It started out as a sole proprietorship in 1975, when Mohamed Salleh set up Second Chance Enterprises to engage in the tailoring of men's garments. By 1976, the business had expanded to 3 tailoring shops. However, due to difficulty in expanding the tailoring business further, Second Chance Enterprises decided to switch to retailing of men's ready-to-wear fashion clothes in 1979.
Corporate Goals:
First Lady-- To expand First Lady into the largest retailer & wholesaler of modern Islamic apparel in the region. To grow from 14 outlets in Malaysia as of June 2006, to 100 outlets by June 2012.
Golden Chance-- To maintain our dominance of the gold jewellery business in the domestic Malay market.
2nd Chance Properties-- To continue selective purchases of choice retail properties thereby augmenting our stable source of rental income.
In 1993, the Group opened its goldsmith shop, called Golden Chance Goldsmith. The gold jewellery retail business is currently the main revenue and profit contributor to the Group. In 1996, the Group expanded its gold jewellery retail business into Malaysia.
The Company was incorporated on 7 July 1981 as Indonesian Mercantile Traders (S) Pte Ltd. It changed its name to Second Chance Enterprises Pte Ltd in 1986 and to its present name in 1987 to reflect its change of status to a public limited company.
The Group is principally engaged in the retailing of ready-made wearing apparel, and gold and diamond jewellery, through a network of retail outlets in Singapore and Malaysia. Its 2nd Chance and First Lady outlets retail mainly the 2nd Chance brand of boys and men's clothing, and the First Lady brand of traditional Malay ladies' and girls' clothing respectively, while its Golden Chance outlets retail gold and diamond jewellery. In 1999, it diversified into property investments.
Recent Development
2 Dec 2007- The Founder and present Chairman & CEO of Second Chance Properties Ltd (the “Company”) has outlined a succession plan for the Group to adopt. He wishes to emulate the proven effectiveness of MM Lee Kuan Yew’s own style of succession whereby while still healthy and in good form effect a smooth transition and at the same time continue to play a pivotal role.
1. Under this plan, Dr. Ahmad Magad, the Lead Independent Director, was invited and has accepted the position of Chairman (Non-Executive) of the Group with effect from 1st December 2007. The tenure is for 3 years with re-appointment at the pleasure of the Board. The incumbent remains as CEO.
2. The Deputy Chairman & Deputy CEO, Mr Hasan Marican, has agreed to take up the position of Group CEO for a period of 5 years with effect from 1st July 2009. Mr. Hasan has proven himself beyond any doubt over the last 24 years and is confident in taking the Group to greater heights. Mr. Mohd Salleh will then take up the role of Advisor and Executive Director. He intends to continue playing an active full time role in the Group for many years to come and continue to help navigate it.
3. To further strengthen the Board, Mr Ferus Bakar, Business Manager of the Group, has been promoted and appointed as an Executive Director with effect from 1 December 2007.
Mr. Ferus Bakar joined the Group on 1st July 2005 as Business Manager. He is responsible for purchasing, A&P & assisting Chairman & CEO in human resource activities and general management of business for the Group. Prior to joining the Group, he was an Associate Account Director with MediacorpTV12. He has accumulated 13years of Retail, Hospitality, Food & Beverage and Media industry experience in managerial capacity.
29 August 2007- FY June 2007 Results Highlights
Revenue: $48.17m (+13%)
Net profits after tax: $18.3m (+74%)
Basic EPS: 6.18cents
Net Operating Cashflow: $6.1m
Dividend: 2.7cents nett
23 March 2007 - Second Chance Properties Ltd announced that its subsidiary, Super Chance Properties Pte Ltd, has signed a sale and purchase agreement to buy the following unit for investment purpose. Details of the transaction are as follow:
Address of property : Block 12 Haig Road #01-323 Singapore 430012
Tenure of property : Leasehold (82 years from 1 July 1993)
Size of property : 393 sq metres
Purchase price : S$6,820,000.00
Purpose of purchase : Investment
Deposit and Date paid : S$358,050.00 inclusive of GST paid on 23 March 2007
Rental income per month : S$40,000.00 excluding GST and service charges
Expected date of completion : 13 July 2007
Purchaser : Super Chance Properties Pte Ltd
18 Aug 2006...
Record Net Profit for fourth consecutive year
Higher and Increasing Dividend for the next Three Years
First Lady to Expand to 100 stores in Malaysia
FY 2006 Performance
In 2006, Second Chance Properties Ltd generated total revenue of $42.49 million, which is 8.68% more than the prior year. The Group reported net profit after tax of $10.513 million, which is 4.86% more from FY 2005.
The net cash generated from operating activities was $7.38 million as compared to $6.3 million in the prior year. The Group maintained a strong balance sheet and healthy financial position at the end of 2006 with gearing lowered to 0.66.
Dividend
Due to the strong performance and our optimistic outlook for the Group, the Directors are recommending an increase in the dividend to 3.0 cents per ordinary share less Singapore tax of 20% or 2.4 cents after tax for this financial year.
For the next two financial years that is June 2007 and June 2008, the Directors will be recommending a higher dividend payout of 2.7cents and 3.0cents after tax respectively.
Barring any change in circumstances, the Directors intend to continue with its high dividend policy for future years.
Future Growth
The successful expansion of First Lady in Malaysia will provide a new engine of growth for the Group. At present, we have fourteen (14) highly profitable stores in peninsula Malaysia making us the dominant and unrivalled market leader. The plan now is to expand our chain of stores to one hundred (100) within a period of five to six years; in all cities and major towns throughout both east & west Malaysia.
The increase in interest rates and higher property prices has resulted in much lower real net returns and higher risk, making good buys difficult to find. There was one property investment of $4.59 million made in FY 2006. This does not mean that our growth in property investment will stop. Our strong profits and good cash flow is reducing our debt and with much lower gearing, we are well positioned to re-enter and take advantage of any sudden negative events affecting the property market.
Outlook for FY 2007
The increase in property prices and rentals is expected to continue with the robust economy. This augurs well for our investment properties purchased earlier during the years of economic uncertainty.
Our retail business will continue to do well. The gold business is expected to maintain its profitability, while the apparel division with the strong expansion of First lady in Malaysia will contribute higher profits.
With all these positive factors, the outlook for this year has never been as good.
2nd Chance has a good track record of maintaining profitability, often trades below NAV, and pays a high dividend yield.
WS Dividend Rank :
Consecutive Years Paying Div : 2
Consecutive Years Increase Div : 2
One-Year Total Return : 54 %
REVENUE/EARNINGS DATA
Revenue (Million S$ )
1Q 2Q 3Q 4Q Year
2007 - - - - 48.2
2006 - - - - 42.5
2005 - - - - 39.1
2004 - - - - 36.1
Earnings Per Share ( S$ )
2007 - - - - 0.0618
2006 - - - - 0.0400
2005 - - - - 0.0520
2004 - - - - 0.0480
Dividend Data (cents - SGD )
Year Interim Final Total Share Bonus
2006 - 0.0240 0.0240
2005 - 0.0200 0.0200
2007 - - 0.0270
Officers
Ms. Joharabee Bte Kadir Maideen Saiboo Marican: GM First Lady
Safie Hussain: Field Mgr, Men's Stores
J. Raj Mohamed: Accounts Mgr
Ms. Geetha Padmanabhan: Finance Mgr
Ferus Baker: Business Mgr
Board of Directors
Mohamed Salleh Marican: Adviser & Executive Director
Hasan Marican: Group CEO (effective 1 July 2009)
Dev Pisharody: Executive Director
Ms. Radiah Maricar: Executive Director
Ahmad Bin Mohamed Magad: Non-Executive Chairman
David Tan Chao Hsiung: Independent Director
Paul Tan Lye Heng: Independent Director
Ferus Bakar: Executive Director
Founded: 1975
Stockholders:2,371 (at 30 Sep 2005)
Largest Stockholders (Sep 2005)
Mohamed Selleh Marican, Director: 58%
2nd Chance was listed on the SGX-Sesdaq on 24 January 1997, and upgraded to the Mainboard on 2 March 2004. It started out as a sole proprietorship in 1975, when Mohamed Salleh set up Second Chance Enterprises to engage in the tailoring of men's garments. By 1976, the business had expanded to 3 tailoring shops. However, due to difficulty in expanding the tailoring business further, Second Chance Enterprises decided to switch to retailing of men's ready-to-wear fashion clothes in 1979.
Corporate Goals:
First Lady-- To expand First Lady into the largest retailer & wholesaler of modern Islamic apparel in the region. To grow from 14 outlets in Malaysia as of June 2006, to 100 outlets by June 2012.
Golden Chance-- To maintain our dominance of the gold jewellery business in the domestic Malay market.
2nd Chance Properties-- To continue selective purchases of choice retail properties thereby augmenting our stable source of rental income.
In 1993, the Group opened its goldsmith shop, called Golden Chance Goldsmith. The gold jewellery retail business is currently the main revenue and profit contributor to the Group. In 1996, the Group expanded its gold jewellery retail business into Malaysia.
The Company was incorporated on 7 July 1981 as Indonesian Mercantile Traders (S) Pte Ltd. It changed its name to Second Chance Enterprises Pte Ltd in 1986 and to its present name in 1987 to reflect its change of status to a public limited company.
The Group is principally engaged in the retailing of ready-made wearing apparel, and gold and diamond jewellery, through a network of retail outlets in Singapore and Malaysia. Its 2nd Chance and First Lady outlets retail mainly the 2nd Chance brand of boys and men's clothing, and the First Lady brand of traditional Malay ladies' and girls' clothing respectively, while its Golden Chance outlets retail gold and diamond jewellery. In 1999, it diversified into property investments.
Recent Development
2 Dec 2007- The Founder and present Chairman & CEO of Second Chance Properties Ltd (the “Company”) has outlined a succession plan for the Group to adopt. He wishes to emulate the proven effectiveness of MM Lee Kuan Yew’s own style of succession whereby while still healthy and in good form effect a smooth transition and at the same time continue to play a pivotal role.
1. Under this plan, Dr. Ahmad Magad, the Lead Independent Director, was invited and has accepted the position of Chairman (Non-Executive) of the Group with effect from 1st December 2007. The tenure is for 3 years with re-appointment at the pleasure of the Board. The incumbent remains as CEO.
2. The Deputy Chairman & Deputy CEO, Mr Hasan Marican, has agreed to take up the position of Group CEO for a period of 5 years with effect from 1st July 2009. Mr. Hasan has proven himself beyond any doubt over the last 24 years and is confident in taking the Group to greater heights. Mr. Mohd Salleh will then take up the role of Advisor and Executive Director. He intends to continue playing an active full time role in the Group for many years to come and continue to help navigate it.
3. To further strengthen the Board, Mr Ferus Bakar, Business Manager of the Group, has been promoted and appointed as an Executive Director with effect from 1 December 2007.
Mr. Ferus Bakar joined the Group on 1st July 2005 as Business Manager. He is responsible for purchasing, A&P & assisting Chairman & CEO in human resource activities and general management of business for the Group. Prior to joining the Group, he was an Associate Account Director with MediacorpTV12. He has accumulated 13years of Retail, Hospitality, Food & Beverage and Media industry experience in managerial capacity.
29 August 2007- FY June 2007 Results Highlights
Revenue: $48.17m (+13%)
Net profits after tax: $18.3m (+74%)
Basic EPS: 6.18cents
Net Operating Cashflow: $6.1m
Dividend: 2.7cents nett
23 March 2007 - Second Chance Properties Ltd announced that its subsidiary, Super Chance Properties Pte Ltd, has signed a sale and purchase agreement to buy the following unit for investment purpose. Details of the transaction are as follow:
Address of property : Block 12 Haig Road #01-323 Singapore 430012
Tenure of property : Leasehold (82 years from 1 July 1993)
Size of property : 393 sq metres
Purchase price : S$6,820,000.00
Purpose of purchase : Investment
Deposit and Date paid : S$358,050.00 inclusive of GST paid on 23 March 2007
Rental income per month : S$40,000.00 excluding GST and service charges
Expected date of completion : 13 July 2007
Purchaser : Super Chance Properties Pte Ltd
18 Aug 2006...
Record Net Profit for fourth consecutive year
Higher and Increasing Dividend for the next Three Years
First Lady to Expand to 100 stores in Malaysia
FY 2006 Performance
In 2006, Second Chance Properties Ltd generated total revenue of $42.49 million, which is 8.68% more than the prior year. The Group reported net profit after tax of $10.513 million, which is 4.86% more from FY 2005.
The net cash generated from operating activities was $7.38 million as compared to $6.3 million in the prior year. The Group maintained a strong balance sheet and healthy financial position at the end of 2006 with gearing lowered to 0.66.
Dividend
Due to the strong performance and our optimistic outlook for the Group, the Directors are recommending an increase in the dividend to 3.0 cents per ordinary share less Singapore tax of 20% or 2.4 cents after tax for this financial year.
For the next two financial years that is June 2007 and June 2008, the Directors will be recommending a higher dividend payout of 2.7cents and 3.0cents after tax respectively.
Barring any change in circumstances, the Directors intend to continue with its high dividend policy for future years.
Future Growth
The successful expansion of First Lady in Malaysia will provide a new engine of growth for the Group. At present, we have fourteen (14) highly profitable stores in peninsula Malaysia making us the dominant and unrivalled market leader. The plan now is to expand our chain of stores to one hundred (100) within a period of five to six years; in all cities and major towns throughout both east & west Malaysia.
The increase in interest rates and higher property prices has resulted in much lower real net returns and higher risk, making good buys difficult to find. There was one property investment of $4.59 million made in FY 2006. This does not mean that our growth in property investment will stop. Our strong profits and good cash flow is reducing our debt and with much lower gearing, we are well positioned to re-enter and take advantage of any sudden negative events affecting the property market.
Outlook for FY 2007
The increase in property prices and rentals is expected to continue with the robust economy. This augurs well for our investment properties purchased earlier during the years of economic uncertainty.
Our retail business will continue to do well. The gold business is expected to maintain its profitability, while the apparel division with the strong expansion of First lady in Malaysia will contribute higher profits.
With all these positive factors, the outlook for this year has never been as good.
2nd Chance has a good track record of maintaining profitability, often trades below NAV, and pays a high dividend yield.
WS Dividend Rank :
Consecutive Years Paying Div : 2
Consecutive Years Increase Div : 2
One-Year Total Return : 54 %
REVENUE/EARNINGS DATA
Revenue (Million S$ )
1Q 2Q 3Q 4Q Year
2007 - - - - 48.2
2006 - - - - 42.5
2005 - - - - 39.1
2004 - - - - 36.1
Earnings Per Share ( S$ )
2007 - - - - 0.0618
2006 - - - - 0.0400
2005 - - - - 0.0520
2004 - - - - 0.0480
Dividend Data (cents - SGD )
Year Interim Final Total Share Bonus
2006 - 0.0240 0.0240
2005 - 0.0200 0.0200
2007 - - 0.0270
Officers
Ms. Joharabee Bte Kadir Maideen Saiboo Marican: GM First Lady
Safie Hussain: Field Mgr, Men's Stores
J. Raj Mohamed: Accounts Mgr
Ms. Geetha Padmanabhan: Finance Mgr
Ferus Baker: Business Mgr
Board of Directors
Mohamed Salleh Marican: Adviser & Executive Director
Hasan Marican: Group CEO (effective 1 July 2009)
Dev Pisharody: Executive Director
Ms. Radiah Maricar: Executive Director
Ahmad Bin Mohamed Magad: Non-Executive Chairman
David Tan Chao Hsiung: Independent Director
Paul Tan Lye Heng: Independent Director
Ferus Bakar: Executive Director
Founded: 1975
Stockholders:2,371 (at 30 Sep 2005)
Largest Stockholders (Sep 2005)
Mohamed Selleh Marican, Director: 58%
Friday, November 28, 2008
市 場 氣 氛 漸 樂 觀
美 國 政 府 的 7000 億 美 元 救 市 基 金 用 了 一 半 ， 又 馬 上 推 出 另 一 個 8000 億 美 元 的 救 市 計 劃 ， 主 要 用 來 買 下 兩 房 手 上 的 有 毒 資 產 及 信 用 卡 、 汽 車 貸 款 債 券 ， 7000 億 加 8000 億 ， 再 加 上 之 前 通 過 的 減 稅 1000 億 ， 合 共 1.6 萬 億 美 元 ， 明 年 奧 巴 馬 正 式 上 任 ， 不 知 道 會 再 倒 多 少 錢 救 市 ， 相 信 不 會 少 過 1 萬 億 美 元 吧 。
數 萬 億 美 元 從 何 而 來 ？ 奧 巴 馬 在 競 選 時 說 會 向 富 人 抽 稅 ， 美 國 富 人 有 難 了 。 當 年 ， 羅 斯 福 總 統 在 1932 年 上 台 後 ， 也 向 富 人 徵 重 稅 ， 稅 率 好 像 高 達 90% ！ 嗚 呼 ， 你 賺 100 元 ， 政 府 拿 走 90 元 ， 如 果 你 是 富 人 你 想 當 美 國 人 嗎 ？
今 日 ， 許 多 人 都 喜 歡 把 目 前 的 金 融 海 嘯 與 1929 年 開 始 的 大 蕭 條 比 較 ， 當 時 的 羅 斯 福 總 統 上 任 時 所 面 對 的 局 面 就 與 奧 巴 馬 明 年 初 將 面 臨 的 局 面 差 不 多 ， 奧 巴 馬 會 向 富 人 抽 多 重 的 稅 呢 ？
大 行 也 轉 唱 好
除 了 抽 稅 ， 政 府 另 外 兩 個 方 法 找 錢 就 是 發 行 債 券 與 印 鈔 票 ， 美 國 政 府 已 發 行 10 萬 億 美 元 的 債 券 ， 再 大 量 發 行 債 券 ， 賣 給 誰 ？ 中 國 也 買 不 起 萬 億 美 元 的 債 券 。 還 有 ， 現 在 美 國 政 府 出 面 挽 救 兩 房 、 AIG 及 花 旗 銀 行 ， 這 四 家 企 業 的 債 務 已 變 相 成 了 國 債 。 美 國 國 債 太 多 了 ， 多 得 驚 人 ， 最 後 ， 最 大 的 可 能 性 就 是 印 鈔 票 ， 半 年 前 ， 我 們 談 通 脹 ， 今 日 我 們 談 通 縮 ， 半 年 後 ， 我 們 會 不 會 再 談 通 脹 ？ 如 果 美 國 政 府 如 此 大 量 的 印 鈔 票 ， 請 不 要 驚 訝 半 年 後 通 脹 突 然 又 成 了 傳 媒 頭 條 新 聞 。
數 萬 億 美 元 從 何 而 來 ？ 奧 巴 馬 在 競 選 時 說 會 向 富 人 抽 稅 ， 美 國 富 人 有 難 了 。 當 年 ， 羅 斯 福 總 統 在 1932 年 上 台 後 ， 也 向 富 人 徵 重 稅 ， 稅 率 好 像 高 達 90% ！ 嗚 呼 ， 你 賺 100 元 ， 政 府 拿 走 90 元 ， 如 果 你 是 富 人 你 想 當 美 國 人 嗎 ？
今 日 ， 許 多 人 都 喜 歡 把 目 前 的 金 融 海 嘯 與 1929 年 開 始 的 大 蕭 條 比 較 ， 當 時 的 羅 斯 福 總 統 上 任 時 所 面 對 的 局 面 就 與 奧 巴 馬 明 年 初 將 面 臨 的 局 面 差 不 多 ， 奧 巴 馬 會 向 富 人 抽 多 重 的 稅 呢 ？
大 行 也 轉 唱 好
除 了 抽 稅 ， 政 府 另 外 兩 個 方 法 找 錢 就 是 發 行 債 券 與 印 鈔 票 ， 美 國 政 府 已 發 行 10 萬 億 美 元 的 債 券 ， 再 大 量 發 行 債 券 ， 賣 給 誰 ？ 中 國 也 買 不 起 萬 億 美 元 的 債 券 。 還 有 ， 現 在 美 國 政 府 出 面 挽 救 兩 房 、 AIG 及 花 旗 銀 行 ， 這 四 家 企 業 的 債 務 已 變 相 成 了 國 債 。 美 國 國 債 太 多 了 ， 多 得 驚 人 ， 最 後 ， 最 大 的 可 能 性 就 是 印 鈔 票 ， 半 年 前 ， 我 們 談 通 脹 ， 今 日 我 們 談 通 縮 ， 半 年 後 ， 我 們 會 不 會 再 談 通 脹 ？ 如 果 美 國 政 府 如 此 大 量 的 印 鈔 票 ， 請 不 要 驚 訝 半 年 後 通 脹 突 然 又 成 了 傳 媒 頭 條 新 聞 。
谢国忠：股价已经足够便宜了 巴菲特都抄底了
如果美国经济倾覆，其它国家也决计无法幸免，世界各国必须同心协力才能战胜这次金融危机
欧洲和亚洲现在必须采取行动来拯救全球经济，在北京召开的亚欧首脑会议已经错过了一次黄金机会——时间被浪费在讨论长期命题上，如构建新的世界经济架构，而不是聚焦于各国在世界经济局势的稳定上应该扮演怎样的角色。
11月15日，在华盛顿特区召开的世界经济峰会应该着力讨论如何维持经济体的稳定，而不能继续浪费时间在“应该谁来负责任”或者“未来应该是什么样的”这些问题上。
如今的市场上弥漫着诸如“大萧条”、“饭碗”、“战争”等词汇，这样的消极情绪会让事情变得更加糟糕。一个未被关注的事实是，我们正在面对的问题可能并没有想象得那么严重：即使是此次危机的风暴中心美国，目前其损失达到了其GDP的规模，但这种情况也远远无法与日本经济崩溃时的损失相比——当年的数字是GDP的三倍。
与10多年前的日本经济危机相比，由于金融全球化，这次危机蔓延得更快也更加广泛。盎格鲁撒克逊模式的完全市场化特点使得这个经济泡沫破灭之后，其资产贬值的速度快而猛烈到无法控制的地步，这也是为什么这场危机看起来如此可怕。
此次危机的深度和广度很可能将颠覆全球化的努力，并带来一场时日久远的低迷。萧条则会使保护主义抬头，当每个国家都采取这种控制措施的时候，全球经济这张大饼就会萎缩得更厉害。萧条带来的政治不稳定甚至可能带来战争——一种国家用来转移公众注意力的好手段。
战争会让经济下滑更快，这样的恶性循环之前已经多次扮演了摧毁世界的角色，这种发展态势应该并且必须被阻止。欧洲和亚洲应该首先施行总量在其GDP5%左右的财政刺激政策，接下来将它们的庞大外汇储备从美国政府债券上脱身，转而投入股市，尤其是美国股市。如果这两项措施能够被执行，世界经济可以更快的稳固。只有在此之后，我们才可以集中于重建经济结构来防止下一次危机。
这是一次盎格鲁撒克逊式的债务危机，这种经济体过度举债的另一面就是它的债权国持有了10万亿美元左右的外汇储备。未破灭之前的资产泡沫使得盎格鲁撒克逊模式国家有足够的资本来举债，这同时造成了它们每年1万亿美元的贸易逆差。
这些逆差正是来源于欧洲和亚洲国家的供给——短期看来，每一个主要国家都是泡沫的一部分，而不单单指美国。要想解决问题，每个人都有责任。
这次的泡沫破灭之后，盎格鲁撒克逊模式势必迎来一个长期的低迷时期，副产品之一就是贸易赤字的大幅缩减——很可能超过一半。即使这些国家能够通过降低利率和实行扩张的财政政策来暂时缓解颓势，这一主题也不会改变。
因此，其它国家不论采取何种经济政策，都将面临国际贸易的巨大市场缩减，除非拓展出足够的国内需求，否则它们也将面临大规模衰退。
另一个有趣的观点是观察资产贬值的财富效应。50万亿美元的账面损失将会带来相当于2.5万亿到3万亿美元，或4%至5%的总需求减少。这将会使目前的经济发展速度至少放缓一半。但是，需求紧缩具有乘数效应，这将带来更具规模的需求缩小。即便是全球经济增加2万亿美元的财政刺激，似乎仍然不可能缩小这种连锁效应。
这些刺激措施应该是让欧洲和亚洲允许美国减少贸易赤字。对于亚欧国家来说，除了增加需求刺激，更加紧要的一件事情就是增加对于盎格鲁撒克逊模式国家的风险投资。此外，由于其市场过高的杠杆率，最佳办法是放弃美国国债，转而购买指数型基金等产品。
盎格鲁撒克逊国家的资本缺乏和发展中国家的巨额外汇储备是硬币的两面。除非中国、日本和石油输出国组织成员采取行动，盎格鲁撒克逊国家将会面临严厉的紧缩，从而给每一个国家带来贸易萎缩的深重痛苦。
另外，对于信奉价值投资的投资者而言，股价已经足够便宜了。这正是沃伦·巴菲特现在正在做的，也是日本央行、中国人民银行和其它机构应该做的，这能够拯救这个世界，同时也能让投资者得益。
全球经济已经着火，每一个国家的政府都应投身于救火，现在是行动的时候了。
欧洲和亚洲现在必须采取行动来拯救全球经济，在北京召开的亚欧首脑会议已经错过了一次黄金机会——时间被浪费在讨论长期命题上，如构建新的世界经济架构，而不是聚焦于各国在世界经济局势的稳定上应该扮演怎样的角色。
11月15日，在华盛顿特区召开的世界经济峰会应该着力讨论如何维持经济体的稳定，而不能继续浪费时间在“应该谁来负责任”或者“未来应该是什么样的”这些问题上。
如今的市场上弥漫着诸如“大萧条”、“饭碗”、“战争”等词汇，这样的消极情绪会让事情变得更加糟糕。一个未被关注的事实是，我们正在面对的问题可能并没有想象得那么严重：即使是此次危机的风暴中心美国，目前其损失达到了其GDP的规模，但这种情况也远远无法与日本经济崩溃时的损失相比——当年的数字是GDP的三倍。
与10多年前的日本经济危机相比，由于金融全球化，这次危机蔓延得更快也更加广泛。盎格鲁撒克逊模式的完全市场化特点使得这个经济泡沫破灭之后，其资产贬值的速度快而猛烈到无法控制的地步，这也是为什么这场危机看起来如此可怕。
此次危机的深度和广度很可能将颠覆全球化的努力，并带来一场时日久远的低迷。萧条则会使保护主义抬头，当每个国家都采取这种控制措施的时候，全球经济这张大饼就会萎缩得更厉害。萧条带来的政治不稳定甚至可能带来战争——一种国家用来转移公众注意力的好手段。
战争会让经济下滑更快，这样的恶性循环之前已经多次扮演了摧毁世界的角色，这种发展态势应该并且必须被阻止。欧洲和亚洲应该首先施行总量在其GDP5%左右的财政刺激政策，接下来将它们的庞大外汇储备从美国政府债券上脱身，转而投入股市，尤其是美国股市。如果这两项措施能够被执行，世界经济可以更快的稳固。只有在此之后，我们才可以集中于重建经济结构来防止下一次危机。
这是一次盎格鲁撒克逊式的债务危机，这种经济体过度举债的另一面就是它的债权国持有了10万亿美元左右的外汇储备。未破灭之前的资产泡沫使得盎格鲁撒克逊模式国家有足够的资本来举债，这同时造成了它们每年1万亿美元的贸易逆差。
这些逆差正是来源于欧洲和亚洲国家的供给——短期看来，每一个主要国家都是泡沫的一部分，而不单单指美国。要想解决问题，每个人都有责任。
这次的泡沫破灭之后，盎格鲁撒克逊模式势必迎来一个长期的低迷时期，副产品之一就是贸易赤字的大幅缩减——很可能超过一半。即使这些国家能够通过降低利率和实行扩张的财政政策来暂时缓解颓势，这一主题也不会改变。
因此，其它国家不论采取何种经济政策，都将面临国际贸易的巨大市场缩减，除非拓展出足够的国内需求，否则它们也将面临大规模衰退。
另一个有趣的观点是观察资产贬值的财富效应。50万亿美元的账面损失将会带来相当于2.5万亿到3万亿美元，或4%至5%的总需求减少。这将会使目前的经济发展速度至少放缓一半。但是，需求紧缩具有乘数效应，这将带来更具规模的需求缩小。即便是全球经济增加2万亿美元的财政刺激，似乎仍然不可能缩小这种连锁效应。
这些刺激措施应该是让欧洲和亚洲允许美国减少贸易赤字。对于亚欧国家来说，除了增加需求刺激，更加紧要的一件事情就是增加对于盎格鲁撒克逊模式国家的风险投资。此外，由于其市场过高的杠杆率，最佳办法是放弃美国国债，转而购买指数型基金等产品。
盎格鲁撒克逊国家的资本缺乏和发展中国家的巨额外汇储备是硬币的两面。除非中国、日本和石油输出国组织成员采取行动，盎格鲁撒克逊国家将会面临严厉的紧缩，从而给每一个国家带来贸易萎缩的深重痛苦。
另外，对于信奉价值投资的投资者而言，股价已经足够便宜了。这正是沃伦·巴菲特现在正在做的，也是日本央行、中国人民银行和其它机构应该做的，这能够拯救这个世界，同时也能让投资者得益。
全球经济已经着火，每一个国家的政府都应投身于救火，现在是行动的时候了。
Thursday, November 27, 2008
价值投资 做好股票的收藏家
投资要大气
记者：“您的投资回报很高，您是如何做到的？”
李剑：“主要是我持有的公司质地不错，而我又握住不放。但也要承认，有运气的成分：A股股改后这两年涨的太凶了。我不希望这样。我希望好股也应慢慢涨，不要让我有要卖的念头。”
记者：“现在学价值投资的人很多。您对他们有什么建议？”
李剑：“投资要大气一些，选股要严格一些，赚钱要耐心一些。我认为，投资要大气这五个字很重要，否则学价值投资就学不到精华。学价值投资当然比学技术分析和听小道消息好得多。
投资要大气包括这么几点，首先是在思想意识上要有远大目标。
第二点是眼界要高，这是第一点的顺延。我们要挑选的应该是极优秀的公司，不只是在行业中最佳，而且要在国内市场中最佳。
第三点是不要在操作上讲究小的技巧，什么高抛低吸，什么止损，什么底部顶部。更不要去计较小的利益，比如一点差价呀，波段呀。
第四点就是心理稳定，不去理会大盘的波动涨跌，也不要去预测短期的走势。”
记者：“您的意思是技术分析的不确定性很大吗？”
李剑：“是的。你看波浪理论最为典型，大浪里面有小浪，小浪下面有细浪，走向永远有无数种可能。”
股不惊人誓不休
记者：“听说您有一句很酷的话，叫作‘股不惊人誓不休！’请问什么样的股票才是惊人的股呢？”
李剑：“我想大概有这样两层意思，一是它的涨幅能达到一百倍以上。第二层意思是它须要‘万千宠爱在一身’，就是要拥有多种独一无二的竞争优势。”
记者：“一百倍！听起来是有些惊人！具体应该怎么来选择这样的优秀上市公司呢？是不是要多看财务报表？”
李剑：“我首先要说读财务报表只是价值投资的一个小的方面，这方面我自己就走了一段弯路，把眼睛弄的更差了不说，还差点钻进牛角尖里去。注意研读财务报表只是表明关心基本面，这与专看K线图和听小道消息者确实不一样，但这还不算是价值投资，更不等于是学巴菲特。我认为，调查和思考企业的重大问题，比如持续竞争优势问题，盈利模式问题，未来利润增长点问题，管理层问题等等，才是价值投资首先要关心的几个问题。这些问题财务报表上没有，或者说不直接反映。”
记者：“那要从哪些方面去分析？”
李剑：“首先考虑公司有没有独一无二的竞争优势。这个‘独一无二’极其重要，你会一下子就把优势公司和一般公司筛选出来。我有个习惯，如果我用半个小时都找不出一个‘独一无二’出来，我就要放弃它了，尽管它可能看起来股价较低。如果是股友问我某只股票怎么样，我一般也是先反问：它有什么独一无二的优势吗？”
记者：“您说的独一无二的竞争优势，是不是就是指核心竞争力呢？”
李剑：“包括核心竞争力，但不光是核心竞争力。严格说，核心竞争力是管理科学的概念，管理学是科学，投资则是科学与艺术的结合。在投资学上，独一无二的竞争优势含义要丰富得多。”
记者：“哦，您是说独一无二的竞争优势有很多种，是吗？”
李剑：“我归纳了一下，大概有五种吧。虽然它们互相之间有一点重合或者互为因果，但为了思路清晰，还是分类叙述为好。
第一种应该是垄断优势。按照经济学上的‘垄断’的含义，是指单一的出卖人或少数几个出卖人控制着某一个行业的生产或销售。我喜欢用自己的话说，就是独家生意。当然，这种垄断必须是价格不受管制的垄断。”
记者：“那么第二种优势呢？”
李剑：“第二种应该是资源优势。资源就是与人类社会发展有关的、能被利用来产生使用价值并影响劳动生产率的诸要素。很多公司都拥有各自的资源。资源的关键在于稀缺，按照稀缺的程度可以分成不同的等级。我最喜欢的是具有独占性质的资源优势的公司。
第三种就是能力技术优势了，也就是大家讲的最多的核心竞争力。这个比较好理解。能力指的是公司团队在决策、研发、生产、管理、营销等方面的能力。
第四种应该是政策优势。政策优势主要是指政府为加强相关产业的战略位置，制订相关有利于发展的行业政策与相关法规，使相关产业形成某种具有限制意义的优势。”
记者：“那么第五种呢？”
李剑：“还有一种是行业优势。行业分析是我们投资者作出投资抉择的很重要的一步，有时甚至是投资成功的先决条件。因为有些行业牛股成群，你投资的赢面高；有些行业却牛股稀少，你投资获胜的概论低。”
记者：“拥有了您说的其中一种独一无二的竞争优势，是不是就可以买入这家公司呢？”
李剑：“不，这还远远不够。我的意思是，有了其中一种独一无二的竞争优势就有了关注的前提了。接下来要考虑的是这种优势能不能形成极强的赢利能力？我们投资股票，最重要的一点就是看它有没有良好的收益，所有的优势最终也还得落实在收益上。”
记者：“您认为极为优秀的公司平均每年的利润增长率至少应该是多少呢？”
李剑：“我前面说过‘股不惊人誓不休’。好股票应该具有数十倍以上的成长潜力和前景，平均每年的利润增长率不能低于20％，能超过30％就更好。”
记者：“有了某种独一无二的竞争优势，又有极强的赢利能力，是不是够条件了呢？”
李剑：“还不够，还要看它的优势和盈利能力能不能长期保持。也就是通常所说的持续竞争优势。这一点难度更高，更有技术含量。”
记者：“您一直没有谈到价格，价格不太重要吗？”
李剑：“价格当然重要，好公司加上好价格才是好股票。”
耐心是一种美德
记者：“接下来该是谈收藏的问题了。您好像是一个特别有耐心的人吧？您的一些股票五年多没动一下，您怎么能守得住？”
李剑：“投资股票和其他事情不一样，你不长期持有就很难稳赚不赔，很难成就一番事业。”
记者：“怎样把握不要卖呢？”
李剑：“既然是精心挑选的好公司的股票，那你就要像收藏家一样把它收藏起来。没有卖出的那一天。因为长期而言，股市永远向上，特别是优势企业的股票。”
记者：“难道涨得很高了也不卖吗？”
李剑：“有些东西说说容易，比如高抛低吸，实际操作时很难判断什么是高，什么是低。这些是自己能力圈之外的东西。”
记者：“也会有公司因为基本面变坏而从此一蹶不振吧？如果出现这种情况，您坚持不卖的观点是不是就遇到了强有力的反驳呢？”
李剑：“公司一蹶不振的情况也不能完全排除。但我们还是可以坚持不卖。这似乎不太符合巴菲特的思想。但我仍然认为这是对的，而且这是经过认真思考和实践过的。我很喜欢彼得林奇的看法，假如你有一个10只股票的长期投资组合，中间有一只股票出了问题，由于选的都是极为优秀的公司，那么我们持有的其他9个股票还是在给你赚大钱。进一步说，一个优秀公司的基本面出了问题，你可能事后才知道，而这时股价已经下跌了不少，这时卖出很难说是正确的行动。”
记者：“当我们发现了更好的公司股票，可不可以卖呢？”
李剑：“这种情况不叫卖了，叫换股，因为总的投资数量和投资金额没有变，还是在收藏好公司的股票。只要不是太频繁，这是可以考虑的。”
记者：“您已经谈了严格挑和不要卖，对随时买没有讲到，而且，这里还有个问题，随时买，又有价格问题了。万一买到高价的股票怎么办？”
李剑：“前面说过，价格问题是个复杂的问题，甚至是可遇不可求的问题，能力圈之外的问题。不要动太多的脑筋去想买入时机的问题。不同的人参加工作有先后，入市时间有早晚，一旦决定投资，难免会买到高点低点，但有了严格买和不要卖，即使是不那么幸运，最终还是会大获全胜。”
记者：“‘严格挑、随时买、不要卖’是您成功的秘诀吗？”
李剑：“我还谈不上什么成功，不过是在严格挑方面下的工夫多一点，收藏起来耐心一点而已。”
记者：“您的投资回报很高，您是如何做到的？”
李剑：“主要是我持有的公司质地不错，而我又握住不放。但也要承认，有运气的成分：A股股改后这两年涨的太凶了。我不希望这样。我希望好股也应慢慢涨，不要让我有要卖的念头。”
记者：“现在学价值投资的人很多。您对他们有什么建议？”
李剑：“投资要大气一些，选股要严格一些，赚钱要耐心一些。我认为，投资要大气这五个字很重要，否则学价值投资就学不到精华。学价值投资当然比学技术分析和听小道消息好得多。
投资要大气包括这么几点，首先是在思想意识上要有远大目标。
第二点是眼界要高，这是第一点的顺延。我们要挑选的应该是极优秀的公司，不只是在行业中最佳，而且要在国内市场中最佳。
第三点是不要在操作上讲究小的技巧，什么高抛低吸，什么止损，什么底部顶部。更不要去计较小的利益，比如一点差价呀，波段呀。
第四点就是心理稳定，不去理会大盘的波动涨跌，也不要去预测短期的走势。”
记者：“您的意思是技术分析的不确定性很大吗？”
李剑：“是的。你看波浪理论最为典型，大浪里面有小浪，小浪下面有细浪，走向永远有无数种可能。”
股不惊人誓不休
记者：“听说您有一句很酷的话，叫作‘股不惊人誓不休！’请问什么样的股票才是惊人的股呢？”
李剑：“我想大概有这样两层意思，一是它的涨幅能达到一百倍以上。第二层意思是它须要‘万千宠爱在一身’，就是要拥有多种独一无二的竞争优势。”
记者：“一百倍！听起来是有些惊人！具体应该怎么来选择这样的优秀上市公司呢？是不是要多看财务报表？”
李剑：“我首先要说读财务报表只是价值投资的一个小的方面，这方面我自己就走了一段弯路，把眼睛弄的更差了不说，还差点钻进牛角尖里去。注意研读财务报表只是表明关心基本面，这与专看K线图和听小道消息者确实不一样，但这还不算是价值投资，更不等于是学巴菲特。我认为，调查和思考企业的重大问题，比如持续竞争优势问题，盈利模式问题，未来利润增长点问题，管理层问题等等，才是价值投资首先要关心的几个问题。这些问题财务报表上没有，或者说不直接反映。”
记者：“那要从哪些方面去分析？”
李剑：“首先考虑公司有没有独一无二的竞争优势。这个‘独一无二’极其重要，你会一下子就把优势公司和一般公司筛选出来。我有个习惯，如果我用半个小时都找不出一个‘独一无二’出来，我就要放弃它了，尽管它可能看起来股价较低。如果是股友问我某只股票怎么样，我一般也是先反问：它有什么独一无二的优势吗？”
记者：“您说的独一无二的竞争优势，是不是就是指核心竞争力呢？”
李剑：“包括核心竞争力，但不光是核心竞争力。严格说，核心竞争力是管理科学的概念，管理学是科学，投资则是科学与艺术的结合。在投资学上，独一无二的竞争优势含义要丰富得多。”
记者：“哦，您是说独一无二的竞争优势有很多种，是吗？”
李剑：“我归纳了一下，大概有五种吧。虽然它们互相之间有一点重合或者互为因果，但为了思路清晰，还是分类叙述为好。
第一种应该是垄断优势。按照经济学上的‘垄断’的含义，是指单一的出卖人或少数几个出卖人控制着某一个行业的生产或销售。我喜欢用自己的话说，就是独家生意。当然，这种垄断必须是价格不受管制的垄断。”
记者：“那么第二种优势呢？”
李剑：“第二种应该是资源优势。资源就是与人类社会发展有关的、能被利用来产生使用价值并影响劳动生产率的诸要素。很多公司都拥有各自的资源。资源的关键在于稀缺，按照稀缺的程度可以分成不同的等级。我最喜欢的是具有独占性质的资源优势的公司。
第三种就是能力技术优势了，也就是大家讲的最多的核心竞争力。这个比较好理解。能力指的是公司团队在决策、研发、生产、管理、营销等方面的能力。
第四种应该是政策优势。政策优势主要是指政府为加强相关产业的战略位置，制订相关有利于发展的行业政策与相关法规，使相关产业形成某种具有限制意义的优势。”
记者：“那么第五种呢？”
李剑：“还有一种是行业优势。行业分析是我们投资者作出投资抉择的很重要的一步，有时甚至是投资成功的先决条件。因为有些行业牛股成群，你投资的赢面高；有些行业却牛股稀少，你投资获胜的概论低。”
记者：“拥有了您说的其中一种独一无二的竞争优势，是不是就可以买入这家公司呢？”
李剑：“不，这还远远不够。我的意思是，有了其中一种独一无二的竞争优势就有了关注的前提了。接下来要考虑的是这种优势能不能形成极强的赢利能力？我们投资股票，最重要的一点就是看它有没有良好的收益，所有的优势最终也还得落实在收益上。”
记者：“您认为极为优秀的公司平均每年的利润增长率至少应该是多少呢？”
李剑：“我前面说过‘股不惊人誓不休’。好股票应该具有数十倍以上的成长潜力和前景，平均每年的利润增长率不能低于20％，能超过30％就更好。”
记者：“有了某种独一无二的竞争优势，又有极强的赢利能力，是不是够条件了呢？”
李剑：“还不够，还要看它的优势和盈利能力能不能长期保持。也就是通常所说的持续竞争优势。这一点难度更高，更有技术含量。”
记者：“您一直没有谈到价格，价格不太重要吗？”
李剑：“价格当然重要，好公司加上好价格才是好股票。”
耐心是一种美德
记者：“接下来该是谈收藏的问题了。您好像是一个特别有耐心的人吧？您的一些股票五年多没动一下，您怎么能守得住？”
李剑：“投资股票和其他事情不一样，你不长期持有就很难稳赚不赔，很难成就一番事业。”
记者：“怎样把握不要卖呢？”
李剑：“既然是精心挑选的好公司的股票，那你就要像收藏家一样把它收藏起来。没有卖出的那一天。因为长期而言，股市永远向上，特别是优势企业的股票。”
记者：“难道涨得很高了也不卖吗？”
李剑：“有些东西说说容易，比如高抛低吸，实际操作时很难判断什么是高，什么是低。这些是自己能力圈之外的东西。”
记者：“也会有公司因为基本面变坏而从此一蹶不振吧？如果出现这种情况，您坚持不卖的观点是不是就遇到了强有力的反驳呢？”
李剑：“公司一蹶不振的情况也不能完全排除。但我们还是可以坚持不卖。这似乎不太符合巴菲特的思想。但我仍然认为这是对的，而且这是经过认真思考和实践过的。我很喜欢彼得林奇的看法，假如你有一个10只股票的长期投资组合，中间有一只股票出了问题，由于选的都是极为优秀的公司，那么我们持有的其他9个股票还是在给你赚大钱。进一步说，一个优秀公司的基本面出了问题，你可能事后才知道，而这时股价已经下跌了不少，这时卖出很难说是正确的行动。”
记者：“当我们发现了更好的公司股票，可不可以卖呢？”
李剑：“这种情况不叫卖了，叫换股，因为总的投资数量和投资金额没有变，还是在收藏好公司的股票。只要不是太频繁，这是可以考虑的。”
记者：“您已经谈了严格挑和不要卖，对随时买没有讲到，而且，这里还有个问题，随时买，又有价格问题了。万一买到高价的股票怎么办？”
李剑：“前面说过，价格问题是个复杂的问题，甚至是可遇不可求的问题，能力圈之外的问题。不要动太多的脑筋去想买入时机的问题。不同的人参加工作有先后，入市时间有早晚，一旦决定投资，难免会买到高点低点，但有了严格买和不要卖，即使是不那么幸运，最终还是会大获全胜。”
记者：“‘严格挑、随时买、不要卖’是您成功的秘诀吗？”
李剑：“我还谈不上什么成功，不过是在严格挑方面下的工夫多一点，收藏起来耐心一点而已。”
Wednesday, November 26, 2008
美国又有两家银行倒闭！
“美国又有两家银行倒闭”。这是一则新闻的标题。
这个怵目惊心的标题给读者的印象必然是：美国 经济完了。
在一般人的印象中，银行是最稳定的，如今连银行都倒了，还有什么不会倒的？
银行是靠公众人士的存款赚钱的。
全世界银行的资本适当比例(Capital adequacy)大同小异，都是8%。
这表示，银行拥有1令吉的资金(包括股本和储备金)，才可以接受12令吉的存款和借出12令吉。
没有公众人士的存款，光靠本身的资金，根本无法赚钱。
如果银行不稳定，谁还敢将钱存放在银行？
如今美国银行接二连三倒闭，难怪一般人有“美国完了”的感觉。
这种感觉，形成错误的印象。
这错误的印象，源自对美国银行认识不够。
马来西亚只有9家本地银行，即使1家倒闭了，后果已不堪设想。
美国今年到目前为止，已有19家银行倒闭，情况之糟，可想而知。
实际上，在美国，倒闭了19家银行，根本是芝麻小事，不值得大惊小怪，也不足以反映美国经济实况。
请看以下数字：在2007年底时：
美国商业银行总数：7283家。
资产1亿美元以下的有：3065家。
资产1亿至10亿元的有：3705家。
资产10亿元以上的有：513家。
在过去5年中，美国小银行的数目不断的减少。
在2003年时，美国有7,769家银行，到2007年时，只剩7282家，减少了487家，平均每年减少近100家，或是每3天就减少一家。
而减少的都是小银行，中大银行的数目实际上有增无减。
例如在2007年中，资产1亿元以下的银行就减少了180家，但资产1亿至10亿元的银行却增加了43家，10亿元以上的银行增加了19家。
这表示小银行不断的被中大银行拼呑了。
银行倒闭社会冲击微
就以本文开始时所提到的“又两家银行倒闭”中所提到的两家银行，其中一家存款为37亿元，总资产为51亿元；另一家更小，存款只有4亿5千万元，总资产只有5亿6千万元，属蚊型银行。
这两家银行都被别的银行收购了，存户的存款完好无损，所以，对社会的冲击微乎其微。
美国小银行减少，是司空见惯的事，不是大新闻。
如果你以为今年美国有19家银行倒闭(其实是被拼呑)，反映美国当前的经济情况，那就大错特错。
根据事实数据才可靠
我举这个例子，旨在说明一点：在解读新闻资讯时，如果知识不够的话，很容易被误导而形成错误的印象，导致错误的结论。
以错误的结论作出的投资决定，肯定也是错误的。
此之谓差之毫厘，失之千里。
惟有根据事实和数据，所达致的结论，才是可靠的。
但经济，尤其是金融业，错综复杂，又瞬息不变，要掌握事实和数据，又要加以分析，是极端困难的日子，绝大部份人都没有这种能力。
绝大部份的人，只根据不全的资讯，片面的评论，作出判断，难怪大部份判断都是错误的。
根据错误的判断，作出的投资决定，后果肯定是悲惨的。
为了减少错误，减低风险，我主张散户抓住以下五个原则：
⑴不要企图去抓时机(Timing)，因为根本没有人知道何时才是最低。
⑵坚守反向策略，在所有人都悲观时(如现在)，大胆买进股票。
⑶以企业的赚钱能力及资产价值，作为选股标准(目前大部份股票价值被低估)。
⑷只买五星级股票，作为长期投资。
⑸最好是买周息率(D/Y)这比银行定期存款利息高一倍的股票。
散户若能坚持以上五原则，可以做到胜多败少。
这个怵目惊心的标题给读者的印象必然是：美国 经济完了。
在一般人的印象中，银行是最稳定的，如今连银行都倒了，还有什么不会倒的？
银行是靠公众人士的存款赚钱的。
全世界银行的资本适当比例(Capital adequacy)大同小异，都是8%。
这表示，银行拥有1令吉的资金(包括股本和储备金)，才可以接受12令吉的存款和借出12令吉。
没有公众人士的存款，光靠本身的资金，根本无法赚钱。
如果银行不稳定，谁还敢将钱存放在银行？
如今美国银行接二连三倒闭，难怪一般人有“美国完了”的感觉。
这种感觉，形成错误的印象。
这错误的印象，源自对美国银行认识不够。
马来西亚只有9家本地银行，即使1家倒闭了，后果已不堪设想。
美国今年到目前为止，已有19家银行倒闭，情况之糟，可想而知。
实际上，在美国，倒闭了19家银行，根本是芝麻小事，不值得大惊小怪，也不足以反映美国经济实况。
请看以下数字：在2007年底时：
美国商业银行总数：7283家。
资产1亿美元以下的有：3065家。
资产1亿至10亿元的有：3705家。
资产10亿元以上的有：513家。
在过去5年中，美国小银行的数目不断的减少。
在2003年时，美国有7,769家银行，到2007年时，只剩7282家，减少了487家，平均每年减少近100家，或是每3天就减少一家。
而减少的都是小银行，中大银行的数目实际上有增无减。
例如在2007年中，资产1亿元以下的银行就减少了180家，但资产1亿至10亿元的银行却增加了43家，10亿元以上的银行增加了19家。
这表示小银行不断的被中大银行拼呑了。
银行倒闭社会冲击微
就以本文开始时所提到的“又两家银行倒闭”中所提到的两家银行，其中一家存款为37亿元，总资产为51亿元；另一家更小，存款只有4亿5千万元，总资产只有5亿6千万元，属蚊型银行。
这两家银行都被别的银行收购了，存户的存款完好无损，所以，对社会的冲击微乎其微。
美国小银行减少，是司空见惯的事，不是大新闻。
如果你以为今年美国有19家银行倒闭(其实是被拼呑)，反映美国当前的经济情况，那就大错特错。
根据事实数据才可靠
我举这个例子，旨在说明一点：在解读新闻资讯时，如果知识不够的话，很容易被误导而形成错误的印象，导致错误的结论。
以错误的结论作出的投资决定，肯定也是错误的。
此之谓差之毫厘，失之千里。
惟有根据事实和数据，所达致的结论，才是可靠的。
但经济，尤其是金融业，错综复杂，又瞬息不变，要掌握事实和数据，又要加以分析，是极端困难的日子，绝大部份人都没有这种能力。
绝大部份的人，只根据不全的资讯，片面的评论，作出判断，难怪大部份判断都是错误的。
根据错误的判断，作出的投资决定，后果肯定是悲惨的。
为了减少错误，减低风险，我主张散户抓住以下五个原则：
⑴不要企图去抓时机(Timing)，因为根本没有人知道何时才是最低。
⑵坚守反向策略，在所有人都悲观时(如现在)，大胆买进股票。
⑶以企业的赚钱能力及资产价值，作为选股标准(目前大部份股票价值被低估)。
⑷只买五星级股票，作为长期投资。
⑸最好是买周息率(D/Y)这比银行定期存款利息高一倍的股票。
散户若能坚持以上五原则，可以做到胜多败少。
Tuesday, November 25, 2008
今天的金融危机就是货币刺激政策恶果的明证
【背景】美联储或再降息，中国降息风一传再传。
11月19日公布的美联储上次议息会议纪要显示，美联储对经济前景的展望进一步悲观。这加剧了市场对美联储12月进一步降息的猜测。当日，联邦基金利率期货的引申概率显示，在2008年12月16日举行的议息会议上，美联储维持1%利率不变的可能性为4.2%；降息25个基点的概率为12.3%；降息 50个基点的概率为44.7%；降息75个基点的概率为38.8%。
中国自4万亿财政刺激计划公布以来，降息预期更加浓厚。但对降息的作用，也一直有不同意见。有人主张应一次性大幅降息，有人主张降息不应操之过急。
面对当前的世界形势，美国的政策及其结果，或许可以给我们提供一丝借鉴。那么，美国降息会产生何种结果？
《财经》杂志特约经济学家谢国忠认为，货币刺激政策相比财政刺激政策来说，虽看似没有成本，但并不能刺激需求。今天的金融危机就是格林斯潘货币政策的后果，如今的货币刺激政策浪潮，很可能导致未来几年的高通货膨胀。
对刚刚结束的G20华盛顿峰会的结果表示失望。各国没能达成一个协调性的财政刺激计划，基本上还是各自为政。这使全球协作化解危机的最后希望也破灭了。因为，在全球化时代，财政刺激的利益可能会由于贸易而外溢。只有全球经济体互相协调，推出刺激计划，才可能发挥功效。所以，很少有国家单独实行刺激计划。不幸的是，G20峰会没有做到。
与此相对，货币政策不太会产生外溢效应，之所以大部分国家都依赖货币刺激政策，除外溢效应原因外，主要还是因为它们的财政赤字已经很大，不想再惹上增发债券的（政治）-抵制。
货币刺激乍一看似乎没有什么成本，但是，减息不能刺激需求，因为资产缩水损害了家庭或企业进行借贷的基础，它的作用仅仅是通过降低持有成本，使银行处理坏账变得容易，并减轻银行出售不良资产的压力，延长调整时间。
货币刺激的负面作用可能不会立即显现，但将来就会浮出水面。格林斯潘年代的那些泡沫正来自他对货币刺激的嗜好，后果就是今天惨遭蹂躏的全球经济。目前这股货币刺激政策的浪潮，很可能导致未来几年的通货膨胀。目前，资产缩水的通缩效应是暂时的，随着企业利润降低、削减生产，需求疲弱导致的通缩效应将不复存在。货币供给增加后，会暂时存在银行，但是，长期来看，这些货币很可能通过意想不到的渠道释放出来。因此，大宗商品进入下一轮涨价周期，或是工会要求工资上涨时，货币供给增长的通胀效应就会释放出来。
泡沫时代，许多家庭和企业都借贷过度。现在有三种方式解决问题：第一，用时间来逐渐化解，像日本；第二，企业破产，像20世纪30年代的美国；第三，承受高通胀，像20世纪20年代的德国。美国还没想清楚自己要走哪条路，但肯定不会是日本那条路。美国人不会坚持偿付房供，这不是美国人的文化。他们要么让大批家庭和企业破产，要么就是忍受高通胀。美联储正在避免大批破产的出现，不断救援银行和非金融企业。因此，美国正离高通胀越来越近。
如果用通胀解决问题，需要政策做到透明和公平。央行应该公告其发行货币量，并将货币均匀发给国民。货币增长会立即推高人们的通胀预期。商品、服务价格以及工资将快速上行，实际的债务负担也会随着通胀上升而减轻。
未来，中国和美国会有更多共同的利益。美国已无力独自撑起全球经济，如果它与中国联手则可以做到这点。遗憾的是，两个国家都没有这种想法。
11月19日公布的美联储上次议息会议纪要显示，美联储对经济前景的展望进一步悲观。这加剧了市场对美联储12月进一步降息的猜测。当日，联邦基金利率期货的引申概率显示，在2008年12月16日举行的议息会议上，美联储维持1%利率不变的可能性为4.2%；降息25个基点的概率为12.3%；降息 50个基点的概率为44.7%；降息75个基点的概率为38.8%。
中国自4万亿财政刺激计划公布以来，降息预期更加浓厚。但对降息的作用，也一直有不同意见。有人主张应一次性大幅降息，有人主张降息不应操之过急。
面对当前的世界形势，美国的政策及其结果，或许可以给我们提供一丝借鉴。那么，美国降息会产生何种结果？
《财经》杂志特约经济学家谢国忠认为，货币刺激政策相比财政刺激政策来说，虽看似没有成本，但并不能刺激需求。今天的金融危机就是格林斯潘货币政策的后果，如今的货币刺激政策浪潮，很可能导致未来几年的高通货膨胀。
对刚刚结束的G20华盛顿峰会的结果表示失望。各国没能达成一个协调性的财政刺激计划，基本上还是各自为政。这使全球协作化解危机的最后希望也破灭了。因为，在全球化时代，财政刺激的利益可能会由于贸易而外溢。只有全球经济体互相协调，推出刺激计划，才可能发挥功效。所以，很少有国家单独实行刺激计划。不幸的是，G20峰会没有做到。
与此相对，货币政策不太会产生外溢效应，之所以大部分国家都依赖货币刺激政策，除外溢效应原因外，主要还是因为它们的财政赤字已经很大，不想再惹上增发债券的（政治）-抵制。
货币刺激乍一看似乎没有什么成本，但是，减息不能刺激需求，因为资产缩水损害了家庭或企业进行借贷的基础，它的作用仅仅是通过降低持有成本，使银行处理坏账变得容易，并减轻银行出售不良资产的压力，延长调整时间。
货币刺激的负面作用可能不会立即显现，但将来就会浮出水面。格林斯潘年代的那些泡沫正来自他对货币刺激的嗜好，后果就是今天惨遭蹂躏的全球经济。目前这股货币刺激政策的浪潮，很可能导致未来几年的通货膨胀。目前，资产缩水的通缩效应是暂时的，随着企业利润降低、削减生产，需求疲弱导致的通缩效应将不复存在。货币供给增加后，会暂时存在银行，但是，长期来看，这些货币很可能通过意想不到的渠道释放出来。因此，大宗商品进入下一轮涨价周期，或是工会要求工资上涨时，货币供给增长的通胀效应就会释放出来。
泡沫时代，许多家庭和企业都借贷过度。现在有三种方式解决问题：第一，用时间来逐渐化解，像日本；第二，企业破产，像20世纪30年代的美国；第三，承受高通胀，像20世纪20年代的德国。美国还没想清楚自己要走哪条路，但肯定不会是日本那条路。美国人不会坚持偿付房供，这不是美国人的文化。他们要么让大批家庭和企业破产，要么就是忍受高通胀。美联储正在避免大批破产的出现，不断救援银行和非金融企业。因此，美国正离高通胀越来越近。
如果用通胀解决问题，需要政策做到透明和公平。央行应该公告其发行货币量，并将货币均匀发给国民。货币增长会立即推高人们的通胀预期。商品、服务价格以及工资将快速上行，实际的债务负担也会随着通胀上升而减轻。
未来，中国和美国会有更多共同的利益。美国已无力独自撑起全球经济，如果它与中国联手则可以做到这点。遗憾的是，两个国家都没有这种想法。
Monday, November 24, 2008
Strong Rebound Coming in Next 3 Months: Dr. Doom
The sheer amount of money governments are pumping into the financial system will eventually lead to a very strong rally in beaten-down assets, investor Marc Faber said on CNBC Friday.
But Faber also warned that if the markets remain depressed as liquidity increases the result could be a depression worse than in 1929.
By and large asset markets are "terribly oversold" now, while investors are going overboard into the U.S. dollar and U.S. Treasurys, Faber, editor of the Gloom, Boom & Doom Report, told "Squawk Box Europe."
"What you could see in the next three months is a very strong rebound in asset markets, in equities, followed by a selloff in bonds and eventually a selloff in the dollar," he said.
Governments and central banks around the world are providing liquidity and that will eventually have an impact, Faber said.
And once the buying starts the rally is likely to be "stronger than people expect" given that financial institutions are sitting on so much cash, he added.
"I think the intervention by the government in the past and at the present time has created more volatility, not less, and so right now we have deflation, we have colossal deflation in asset prices," he said, noting that equities alone have lost $30 trillion globally.
But "I assure you if you throw enough money at the system, eventually you can reflate, especially in the United States," Faber added.
Statistically a rebound should happen, but if it doesn't "the air is out" and the world faces an economy "worse than the depression of '29 to '32," he said.
But Faber also warned that if the markets remain depressed as liquidity increases the result could be a depression worse than in 1929.
By and large asset markets are "terribly oversold" now, while investors are going overboard into the U.S. dollar and U.S. Treasurys, Faber, editor of the Gloom, Boom & Doom Report, told "Squawk Box Europe."
"What you could see in the next three months is a very strong rebound in asset markets, in equities, followed by a selloff in bonds and eventually a selloff in the dollar," he said.
Governments and central banks around the world are providing liquidity and that will eventually have an impact, Faber said.
And once the buying starts the rally is likely to be "stronger than people expect" given that financial institutions are sitting on so much cash, he added.
"I think the intervention by the government in the past and at the present time has created more volatility, not less, and so right now we have deflation, we have colossal deflation in asset prices," he said, noting that equities alone have lost $30 trillion globally.
But "I assure you if you throw enough money at the system, eventually you can reflate, especially in the United States," Faber added.
Statistically a rebound should happen, but if it doesn't "the air is out" and the world faces an economy "worse than the depression of '29 to '32," he said.
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