We are now at a very critical juncture in global stock markets.
First, Dow Jones Industrial index is now very near its critical support at 10750, currently 11215 (the last defend for the Bulls),
Second, Shanghai Index is also very near its major support around 2400- 2500 level, currently 2576.
Third, STI is also near its support around 2745- 2850 level.The question now is, are we heading for a Bear market OR we are near the best buying opportunity in the Bull market?
To be frank, no one knows the answer. However, I do believe in probability and I think even if unfortunately the world turn into recession, there will still have a good rebound when all these major indexes hit their major support level.
This is especially so on China stocks, where they were heavily beaten this year but only one month to Olympic! So, my conclusion is that, we are in the best buying opportunity now and we should not miss the chance!In the next one to two weeks, I will start featuring some stocks which I think have the potential to go higher for your reference.
You can access these recommendation in the membership website at www.him.com.sg and some by emails.So do get yourself ready and prepare to invest.
How we spend our days is, of course, how we spend our lives. 自强不息 勤以静心,俭以养德 天地不仁, 強者生存
Thursday, July 3, 2008
Wednesday, July 2, 2008
STI- upside capped at 2960-2980
Market mood has turned negative as indices decline. Just 1-2 months ago, consensus views were that the credit crisis was in terminal stages and that equity markets would rally.
On our end, we had lighted in March, that contracting credit market spreads would usher in a bear market rally which could take the STI towards 3180.
While the index rebounded 2.5% higher to 3267, we maintained a sell into strength stance on the basis that the ensuing bear rallies would bring the STI, HSI, FTSE and US indices towards prior lows. Recent price action has vindicated our views. So where do we go from here ?
While general patterns appear similar across markets, the magnitude defers for various reasons. In US, the DJIA has broken below its prior low, while the S&P500 has not. We still see further downside towards 10800-10900 range for the DOW but expect a rebound towards 11500 in the early part of the week.
For the STI, our minimum downside target of 2940 was met last week, as the index declined to a low of 2922, but closed at 2955. Clearly, the Singapore bourse is resilient, relative to US or perhaps there is complacency. Banking stocks in particular have not declined sufficiently in our opinion to warrant buy recommendations. As such, we still expect further declines on the STI. Any near term rebound should be capped at 2960-2980 range.
On our end, we had lighted in March, that contracting credit market spreads would usher in a bear market rally which could take the STI towards 3180.
While the index rebounded 2.5% higher to 3267, we maintained a sell into strength stance on the basis that the ensuing bear rallies would bring the STI, HSI, FTSE and US indices towards prior lows. Recent price action has vindicated our views. So where do we go from here ?
While general patterns appear similar across markets, the magnitude defers for various reasons. In US, the DJIA has broken below its prior low, while the S&P500 has not. We still see further downside towards 10800-10900 range for the DOW but expect a rebound towards 11500 in the early part of the week.
For the STI, our minimum downside target of 2940 was met last week, as the index declined to a low of 2922, but closed at 2955. Clearly, the Singapore bourse is resilient, relative to US or perhaps there is complacency. Banking stocks in particular have not declined sufficiently in our opinion to warrant buy recommendations. As such, we still expect further declines on the STI. Any near term rebound should be capped at 2960-2980 range.
Tuesday, July 1, 2008
又一场新兴市场危机
短短数周,越南就从天堂坠入了地狱。越南股市就像纸扎的房子一样迅速崩塌。虽然越南官方的控制使越南盾汇率暂时稳定,但在离岸市场,越南盾12个月远期价格已低于现价30%。这样的情形,与1998年引发亚洲金融危机的泰铢危机有惊人的相似之处。那么,我们是否将进入另一场新兴市场危机呢?
是的。这种危机似乎每十年爆发一次,一些主要新兴市场可能经历资产价格下跌和汇率走弱。但是,这次危机不会像十年前如野火般蔓延到其他国家。与十年前总体上存在贸易赤字相比,如今新兴市场每年有超过5000亿美元的贸易盈余(主要是中国和石油出口国的贡献)。美元短缺只会困扰为数不多的国家,例如越南、印度和一些东欧国家。此外,有巨大外汇储备的新兴市场国家,可以援助那些美元短缺国。因此,这场危机的范围可以进一步得到控制。
危机链条
越南的危机是其自身造成的。它没有很好地控制“热钱”规模,造成对货币供给的压力。货币供给过剩导致信贷扩张,增加的贷款又转而投向股市和房市,进行投机。虚高的资产价格使经济增长速度被高估,而高速增长支撑了推动“热钱”流入的炒作。结果是,经济过热加快了通货膨胀。由于2008年初越南政府采取措施控制通胀,“热钱”开始撤出越南。由此导致的汇率走弱加剧了通胀,迫使政府进一步紧缩。良性循环变成了恶性循环。
大多数泡沫的开端都有一个精彩的故事。
过去十年,越南GDP平均增速是7.5%;自1993年,贫困率下降了一半,减至24%。由于2005年起,人民币开始升值,作为中国生产基地的替代,越南格外引人瞩目。为了吸引出口制造业,越南承诺将汇率维持在一个较低水平上,并且盯住美元。这个政策确实生效,并从珠三角吸引了大量企业,主要是服装、制鞋和家具企业。越南主要是通过外商直接投资(FDI)来为巨大的贸易赤字(意味着国内储蓄小于国内投资)融资,即贸易赤字和投资浪潮是由FDI引导的。
一方面,越南的货币政策为今日的麻烦埋下了种子。另一方面,越南的经济成功吸引了国际资本的注意。
在中国,个人投资者对大型国际基金怀有敬畏之心,认为他们有挣钱秘诀。但这些基金其实是由销售基金的市场经理运作,而非由真正做投资的基金经理运作。市场经理希望销售的,是那些抢手、好卖的基金。当一个国家在国际媒体报道中占据主要位置后,以该国命名的基金就很好卖。但这恰是投资的错误时机,因为媒体的关注通常意味着估价过高。大型基金管理公司推动国际资本涌入越南,无异于火上浇油,加剧经济过热。
2007年,越南经常项目赤字约占GDP的10%。毋庸置疑,这部分是因为经济过热,过度乐观推动了投资增长。不过,越南确实需要投资来兴建工业体系。尽管对越南出口的成功存在大量炒作,越南仍然还是一个落后的经济体。越南出口的制造业商品附加值较低,不超过50%,而初级商品出口占越南出口的四分之三。在全球贸易链中,越南仍然是初级产品生产商。中国生产成本上升对越南是个黄金机遇,使其可能重演东亚出口导向型经济成功的一幕。
经常项目赤字并没有妨碍越南外汇储备上升(增加了100亿美元,占GDP的12%)。这主要是由于短期资本的流入,即“热钱”。这些“热钱”来自亚洲、欧洲和美国的个人投资者。他们听说越南高速增长,受到经纪商的鼓动,买入各种越南基金。短期资本流入推高了越南盾的价格。为保持出口竞争力,越南中央银行买入大量外汇,以避免本币升值,从而带来大量货币供给。重要的是,越南政府没有阻止货币供给增长演变为信贷增长。2007年,越南银行贷款增加 50%,2008年初增幅更超过60%。
不管政府的数据怎么说,任何时候出现大量信贷增长,都很可能是资金正流向股市和房市。其他经济活动都不会吸收如此快速增长的信贷。越南已经设立了19 家小型股份银行。它们将抓住任何机遇扩张。最先需要贷款的就是股票交易和房产投资,从而导致了股市和房市走高。资产价格走高又推动了抵押品——土地和股票的价格,增加了贷款需求。
经济过热导致高通胀。到2007年底,越南无法再忽略通货膨胀。由于通胀仅由食品和能源价格引起,而且主要是因为进口商品价格上涨,2008年2月,越南政府采取一系列措施给内需降温,主要是通过减少政府投资和发行国债减少流动性。当然,这些紧缩政策会引起经济增长放缓的预期。当增长前景看淡,原本对越南经济增长持乐观态度的基金开始退出,这加速了股市下跌。
调整之痛
过去三年七次大涨之后,2007年秋天,越南股市开始跳水,这是因为越南政府为防止市场投机而限制信贷。“热钱”逃走,使得股市下跌变成了彻底的股灾。过去七个月里,越南股市缩水三分之二。尽管紧缩政策导致资产贬值,但是泡沫迟早会破灭,错不在紧缩政策,而在于容忍泡沫存在如此之久。
当泡沫破灭时,不管政策多么好,都很难保持一切井然有序。从定义上讲,泡沫破灭就是一个引起混乱的事件。泡沫形成后,就无法避免调整带来的痛苦。不过,好的政策可以缩短破坏时间,例如一年内。1994年中国的紧缩政策,就相对很快地使经济恢复到稳定增长路径;1998年韩国的调整政策,也使经济在下一年回到了正常轨道。不好的政策会使一个国家陷入长时间的混乱。例如,1998年之后印度尼西亚的混乱持续了五年。
好政策必须逻辑一致。通常,政府为恢复宏观经济稳定会犯两个错误:治理通胀,却没有冷却内需;为保持竞争力使本币贬值。全球化使得治理通胀变得复杂,因为越来越多导致通胀的因素是由全球市场决定。但无论如何,限制货币供给增长是治理通胀的必要手段。在高通胀时期,没有货币供给数量的控制,意图实现经济稳定增长的紧缩政策很可能会失效。
对于越南来讲,它必须稳定存款,同时控制信贷增长。前者需要提高利率到通胀率以上的水平。越南出现的黄金需求是通胀预期很高的危险信号。由于纸币换成黄金,加快了货币周转速度,进一步推动了通胀。为阻止通胀攀升,政府必须确保银行存款的价值受到保护。
控制信贷增长是稳定货币供给的另一种方式。政府可能会对银行实施信贷配额。其目标应该是迅速降低两位数的信贷增长率,从逾60%的峰值落下来。由于政府控制信贷扩张,许多投资项目会被削减。其间很可能会出现“烂尾楼”,就像1994年之后中国经历的那样。
这次高通胀会削弱越南的竞争力。市场认定越南为保证出口导向发展战略,必须使本币贬值。在远期市场上,市场已经预期越南盾会贬值30%。货币贬值并不总是坏事。但对越南肯定不是好事。当一个国家产能过剩,贬值会发挥很好的作用。如,1998年韩国重工业产能过剩,而贬值在其经济复苏中起了重要作用。但越南还没有建立起工业体系。贬值会导致更严重的通胀,而通胀又要求越南盾进一步贬值,以保障出口商品的竞争力。这种恶性循环会使一个国家陷入长期不稳定。事实上,越南人均收入低于1000美元,还有很大的空间通过提高效率来增强竞争力。
越南应将稳定币值作为治理通胀的核心战略。它应从邻国或国际金融组织,例如国际货币基金组织、世界银行和亚洲发展银行,借入美元。如果越南可以发布一项可信的稳定币值的政策,国内美元和黄金需求就会减少,这可以减慢货币周转速度,从而降低通胀率。当然,不控制货币供给、压缩投资,稳定币值就不会有效。
有限危机
当前,越南的情况很像1992年-1993年的中国。越南已经具备了经济起飞的必要因素。国际投资者看到了它的潜力,并投入大量资本。越南政府无法独立制定政策,并试着满足所有利益集团,允许项目开工和信贷扩张。当然,1992年,中国的超额货币供给是因为肆意印刷钞票,却没有考虑到通胀后果;而“热钱”流入是越南货币超额供给最重要的驱动因素。越南和中国的相似之处在于,政府都乐观、没有经验,一旦有可能,政府都会看好的一面,并且容忍过度信贷扩张太久。
一旦经济着陆,越南就像15年前中国那样,面临非常好的机遇。它有很好的劳动力和倾向经济增长的政府。它需要修建基础设施和建立工业基础。修建经济金字塔需要耐心,而不是立即尝试做每件事。现在发生的事情对越南政府是一个教训,未来越南政府的经济管理方式会因这次危机而有所改善。当国际资本集体从越南股市退出,股市跌到低点,这时的越南更值得投资。当然,由于外国资本持续撤出,市场会进一步下跌。越南股市复苏需要时间,就像1994年中国股市那样。
越南危机目前影响范围较小,原因是发展中国家有充足的美元。1998年,大多数发展中国家有短期美元债务。一旦债权人感到前景不确定,他们会抽逃资金。这是因为当发展中国家经济形势好,他们可以获得利息收入;形势不好,他们就要亏本。目前传播效应来自股市和楼市的“热钱”撤离。当资金从股市和楼市中抽出,资产价格会下降。因此,资金流出越快,流出量越小。这种自我平衡的调节过程,使得这次危机的传染性没有十年前严重。
传染效应有限,并不意味着国际社会不该给越南提供援助。作为邻国,中国应该担负特殊的责任。任何危机都有意想不到的后果。例如,柬埔寨和老挝很容易受到越南危机的影响,而中南半岛的稳定对中国西南的安定非常重要。因此,援助也是从中国的利益考虑。如果越南请求中国帮助,中国应该同意。
传染效应有限,也不意味着其他新兴经济体仍能继续原来的发展模式。越南遇到的问题,其他国家也存在。实际上,经过数年高速货币扩张,通胀正在影响每一个人。几乎所有的发展中国家都需要冷却内需来控制通胀。大多数新兴国家,至少是很多新兴国家的资产价格已经高估,控制通胀意味着资产价格下调,那是一个相当痛苦的过程。
印度是这轮增长的超级明星之一。但与“金砖四国”(巴西、俄罗斯、印度和中国)中的其他三国不同,印度有贸易和财政赤字。因此,它更容易像越南这样陷入剧烈调整。它的通胀率可能会很快攀升到两位数。其财政约束可能迫使政府停止石油补贴,由此推高通胀,可能引发不稳定,并吓退“热钱”。当大量“热钱”从股市撤离,这会进一步导致不稳定。如果印度开始剧烈调整,将打击投资者对所有新兴市场的信心,后果非常严重。对新兴市场的信念,主要来自对中国和印度经济的乐观。如果一颗明星坠落,投资者信心将跌到自1998年以来的最低点。
是的。这种危机似乎每十年爆发一次,一些主要新兴市场可能经历资产价格下跌和汇率走弱。但是,这次危机不会像十年前如野火般蔓延到其他国家。与十年前总体上存在贸易赤字相比,如今新兴市场每年有超过5000亿美元的贸易盈余(主要是中国和石油出口国的贡献)。美元短缺只会困扰为数不多的国家,例如越南、印度和一些东欧国家。此外,有巨大外汇储备的新兴市场国家,可以援助那些美元短缺国。因此,这场危机的范围可以进一步得到控制。
危机链条
越南的危机是其自身造成的。它没有很好地控制“热钱”规模,造成对货币供给的压力。货币供给过剩导致信贷扩张,增加的贷款又转而投向股市和房市,进行投机。虚高的资产价格使经济增长速度被高估,而高速增长支撑了推动“热钱”流入的炒作。结果是,经济过热加快了通货膨胀。由于2008年初越南政府采取措施控制通胀,“热钱”开始撤出越南。由此导致的汇率走弱加剧了通胀,迫使政府进一步紧缩。良性循环变成了恶性循环。
大多数泡沫的开端都有一个精彩的故事。
过去十年,越南GDP平均增速是7.5%;自1993年,贫困率下降了一半,减至24%。由于2005年起,人民币开始升值,作为中国生产基地的替代,越南格外引人瞩目。为了吸引出口制造业,越南承诺将汇率维持在一个较低水平上,并且盯住美元。这个政策确实生效,并从珠三角吸引了大量企业,主要是服装、制鞋和家具企业。越南主要是通过外商直接投资(FDI)来为巨大的贸易赤字(意味着国内储蓄小于国内投资)融资,即贸易赤字和投资浪潮是由FDI引导的。
一方面,越南的货币政策为今日的麻烦埋下了种子。另一方面,越南的经济成功吸引了国际资本的注意。
在中国,个人投资者对大型国际基金怀有敬畏之心,认为他们有挣钱秘诀。但这些基金其实是由销售基金的市场经理运作,而非由真正做投资的基金经理运作。市场经理希望销售的,是那些抢手、好卖的基金。当一个国家在国际媒体报道中占据主要位置后,以该国命名的基金就很好卖。但这恰是投资的错误时机,因为媒体的关注通常意味着估价过高。大型基金管理公司推动国际资本涌入越南,无异于火上浇油,加剧经济过热。
2007年,越南经常项目赤字约占GDP的10%。毋庸置疑,这部分是因为经济过热,过度乐观推动了投资增长。不过,越南确实需要投资来兴建工业体系。尽管对越南出口的成功存在大量炒作,越南仍然还是一个落后的经济体。越南出口的制造业商品附加值较低,不超过50%,而初级商品出口占越南出口的四分之三。在全球贸易链中,越南仍然是初级产品生产商。中国生产成本上升对越南是个黄金机遇,使其可能重演东亚出口导向型经济成功的一幕。
经常项目赤字并没有妨碍越南外汇储备上升(增加了100亿美元,占GDP的12%)。这主要是由于短期资本的流入,即“热钱”。这些“热钱”来自亚洲、欧洲和美国的个人投资者。他们听说越南高速增长,受到经纪商的鼓动,买入各种越南基金。短期资本流入推高了越南盾的价格。为保持出口竞争力,越南中央银行买入大量外汇,以避免本币升值,从而带来大量货币供给。重要的是,越南政府没有阻止货币供给增长演变为信贷增长。2007年,越南银行贷款增加 50%,2008年初增幅更超过60%。
不管政府的数据怎么说,任何时候出现大量信贷增长,都很可能是资金正流向股市和房市。其他经济活动都不会吸收如此快速增长的信贷。越南已经设立了19 家小型股份银行。它们将抓住任何机遇扩张。最先需要贷款的就是股票交易和房产投资,从而导致了股市和房市走高。资产价格走高又推动了抵押品——土地和股票的价格,增加了贷款需求。
经济过热导致高通胀。到2007年底,越南无法再忽略通货膨胀。由于通胀仅由食品和能源价格引起,而且主要是因为进口商品价格上涨,2008年2月,越南政府采取一系列措施给内需降温,主要是通过减少政府投资和发行国债减少流动性。当然,这些紧缩政策会引起经济增长放缓的预期。当增长前景看淡,原本对越南经济增长持乐观态度的基金开始退出,这加速了股市下跌。
调整之痛
过去三年七次大涨之后,2007年秋天,越南股市开始跳水,这是因为越南政府为防止市场投机而限制信贷。“热钱”逃走,使得股市下跌变成了彻底的股灾。过去七个月里,越南股市缩水三分之二。尽管紧缩政策导致资产贬值,但是泡沫迟早会破灭,错不在紧缩政策,而在于容忍泡沫存在如此之久。
当泡沫破灭时,不管政策多么好,都很难保持一切井然有序。从定义上讲,泡沫破灭就是一个引起混乱的事件。泡沫形成后,就无法避免调整带来的痛苦。不过,好的政策可以缩短破坏时间,例如一年内。1994年中国的紧缩政策,就相对很快地使经济恢复到稳定增长路径;1998年韩国的调整政策,也使经济在下一年回到了正常轨道。不好的政策会使一个国家陷入长时间的混乱。例如,1998年之后印度尼西亚的混乱持续了五年。
好政策必须逻辑一致。通常,政府为恢复宏观经济稳定会犯两个错误:治理通胀,却没有冷却内需;为保持竞争力使本币贬值。全球化使得治理通胀变得复杂,因为越来越多导致通胀的因素是由全球市场决定。但无论如何,限制货币供给增长是治理通胀的必要手段。在高通胀时期,没有货币供给数量的控制,意图实现经济稳定增长的紧缩政策很可能会失效。
对于越南来讲,它必须稳定存款,同时控制信贷增长。前者需要提高利率到通胀率以上的水平。越南出现的黄金需求是通胀预期很高的危险信号。由于纸币换成黄金,加快了货币周转速度,进一步推动了通胀。为阻止通胀攀升,政府必须确保银行存款的价值受到保护。
控制信贷增长是稳定货币供给的另一种方式。政府可能会对银行实施信贷配额。其目标应该是迅速降低两位数的信贷增长率,从逾60%的峰值落下来。由于政府控制信贷扩张,许多投资项目会被削减。其间很可能会出现“烂尾楼”,就像1994年之后中国经历的那样。
这次高通胀会削弱越南的竞争力。市场认定越南为保证出口导向发展战略,必须使本币贬值。在远期市场上,市场已经预期越南盾会贬值30%。货币贬值并不总是坏事。但对越南肯定不是好事。当一个国家产能过剩,贬值会发挥很好的作用。如,1998年韩国重工业产能过剩,而贬值在其经济复苏中起了重要作用。但越南还没有建立起工业体系。贬值会导致更严重的通胀,而通胀又要求越南盾进一步贬值,以保障出口商品的竞争力。这种恶性循环会使一个国家陷入长期不稳定。事实上,越南人均收入低于1000美元,还有很大的空间通过提高效率来增强竞争力。
越南应将稳定币值作为治理通胀的核心战略。它应从邻国或国际金融组织,例如国际货币基金组织、世界银行和亚洲发展银行,借入美元。如果越南可以发布一项可信的稳定币值的政策,国内美元和黄金需求就会减少,这可以减慢货币周转速度,从而降低通胀率。当然,不控制货币供给、压缩投资,稳定币值就不会有效。
有限危机
当前,越南的情况很像1992年-1993年的中国。越南已经具备了经济起飞的必要因素。国际投资者看到了它的潜力,并投入大量资本。越南政府无法独立制定政策,并试着满足所有利益集团,允许项目开工和信贷扩张。当然,1992年,中国的超额货币供给是因为肆意印刷钞票,却没有考虑到通胀后果;而“热钱”流入是越南货币超额供给最重要的驱动因素。越南和中国的相似之处在于,政府都乐观、没有经验,一旦有可能,政府都会看好的一面,并且容忍过度信贷扩张太久。
一旦经济着陆,越南就像15年前中国那样,面临非常好的机遇。它有很好的劳动力和倾向经济增长的政府。它需要修建基础设施和建立工业基础。修建经济金字塔需要耐心,而不是立即尝试做每件事。现在发生的事情对越南政府是一个教训,未来越南政府的经济管理方式会因这次危机而有所改善。当国际资本集体从越南股市退出,股市跌到低点,这时的越南更值得投资。当然,由于外国资本持续撤出,市场会进一步下跌。越南股市复苏需要时间,就像1994年中国股市那样。
越南危机目前影响范围较小,原因是发展中国家有充足的美元。1998年,大多数发展中国家有短期美元债务。一旦债权人感到前景不确定,他们会抽逃资金。这是因为当发展中国家经济形势好,他们可以获得利息收入;形势不好,他们就要亏本。目前传播效应来自股市和楼市的“热钱”撤离。当资金从股市和楼市中抽出,资产价格会下降。因此,资金流出越快,流出量越小。这种自我平衡的调节过程,使得这次危机的传染性没有十年前严重。
传染效应有限,并不意味着国际社会不该给越南提供援助。作为邻国,中国应该担负特殊的责任。任何危机都有意想不到的后果。例如,柬埔寨和老挝很容易受到越南危机的影响,而中南半岛的稳定对中国西南的安定非常重要。因此,援助也是从中国的利益考虑。如果越南请求中国帮助,中国应该同意。
传染效应有限,也不意味着其他新兴经济体仍能继续原来的发展模式。越南遇到的问题,其他国家也存在。实际上,经过数年高速货币扩张,通胀正在影响每一个人。几乎所有的发展中国家都需要冷却内需来控制通胀。大多数新兴国家,至少是很多新兴国家的资产价格已经高估,控制通胀意味着资产价格下调,那是一个相当痛苦的过程。
印度是这轮增长的超级明星之一。但与“金砖四国”(巴西、俄罗斯、印度和中国)中的其他三国不同,印度有贸易和财政赤字。因此,它更容易像越南这样陷入剧烈调整。它的通胀率可能会很快攀升到两位数。其财政约束可能迫使政府停止石油补贴,由此推高通胀,可能引发不稳定,并吓退“热钱”。当大量“热钱”从股市撤离,这会进一步导致不稳定。如果印度开始剧烈调整,将打击投资者对所有新兴市场的信心,后果非常严重。对新兴市场的信念,主要来自对中国和印度经济的乐观。如果一颗明星坠落,投资者信心将跌到自1998年以来的最低点。
谢国忠:未来十年中国将引领全球通胀
谢国忠认为,当前,全球经济正处在一轮经济周期的末尾,其特征是泡沫破裂和低速增长。他相信,2010年下半年,央行会将重点从金融稳定转向价格稳定,并采取紧缩性政策。到时,全球经济很可能会经历另一次下降,其程度会比当前更为严重。
在他看来,更有趣的问题在于,下一轮周期与这一轮有何区别。届时,通货膨胀对货币供应的敏感度会比现在高出许多;在其他条件不变的情况下,为保持价格稳定,利率将不得不升到更高位。这一预测基于以下观点:第一,前社会主义国家经济已经复苏;第二,中国已经达到低成本扩张的极限。过去20年里那种强大的通缩力量是一次性的。当央行面对周期性经济问题时,必须把长期变迁放在心头。
十年前,处于债务危机谷底的俄罗斯,GDP低于3000亿美元,货币体系崩塌,经济产出衰退。自那以后,俄罗斯经济复苏,GDP现今已高于1万亿美元,并以6%以上的真实速度增长。俄罗斯经济复苏,依靠的是石油价格上涨,这部分原因又是由于西方的货币政策。收入上升带来了俄罗斯自身对自然资源的消费增长。 1989年至1999年间,俄罗斯国内石油消耗量下降了一半,超过了中国在这段时期的需求增长。目前,俄罗斯石油需求以每年超过4%的速度增加。总之,油价上涨是俄罗斯经济复苏的主要动力,而经济发展又提高了俄罗斯的石油需求,推动了全球通胀。
此外,中东欧国家已加入欧盟,逐渐趋近西方生活水平。如俄罗斯在20世纪90年代遭遇经济疲软和弱势货币一样,1989年至1999年间,中东欧国家经济增长率仅为年均1.2%。但2000年以后,其年均增长率达到5%,规模也达3万亿美元。
他分析指出,俄罗斯和中东欧国家的名义GDP高于中国,其石油消耗是中国的70%。就资源消费而言,它们一度构成世界经济的巨大通缩力量——1989年至 1999年间,其石油消费的减少量是中国增加量的2倍。它们的复苏,将在能源市场上产生与中国需求同样重要的影响。就劳动力供给来说,中东欧国家的失业率比西欧低;而且,俄罗斯及中东欧国家与西欧一样,都经历着社会的老龄化。在我看来,它们的劳动力市场条件,也将推动全球通胀。
中国制造业的发展是保持低通胀的另一个原因。但这一低成本扩张已经走到尽头。四种重要投入品——劳动力、土地、煤和环境——都已经达到供给极限。
他进一步指出,新兴经济体的通胀有很多原因。过剩货币的增加会导致货币贬值和通胀,但这不必然带来全球通胀。贬值和通胀对其他国家的影响可能互相抵消。他预言,未来十年,中国也许将引领全球经济通胀。
在他看来,更有趣的问题在于,下一轮周期与这一轮有何区别。届时,通货膨胀对货币供应的敏感度会比现在高出许多;在其他条件不变的情况下,为保持价格稳定,利率将不得不升到更高位。这一预测基于以下观点:第一,前社会主义国家经济已经复苏;第二,中国已经达到低成本扩张的极限。过去20年里那种强大的通缩力量是一次性的。当央行面对周期性经济问题时,必须把长期变迁放在心头。
十年前,处于债务危机谷底的俄罗斯,GDP低于3000亿美元,货币体系崩塌,经济产出衰退。自那以后,俄罗斯经济复苏,GDP现今已高于1万亿美元,并以6%以上的真实速度增长。俄罗斯经济复苏,依靠的是石油价格上涨,这部分原因又是由于西方的货币政策。收入上升带来了俄罗斯自身对自然资源的消费增长。 1989年至1999年间,俄罗斯国内石油消耗量下降了一半,超过了中国在这段时期的需求增长。目前,俄罗斯石油需求以每年超过4%的速度增加。总之,油价上涨是俄罗斯经济复苏的主要动力,而经济发展又提高了俄罗斯的石油需求,推动了全球通胀。
此外,中东欧国家已加入欧盟,逐渐趋近西方生活水平。如俄罗斯在20世纪90年代遭遇经济疲软和弱势货币一样,1989年至1999年间,中东欧国家经济增长率仅为年均1.2%。但2000年以后,其年均增长率达到5%,规模也达3万亿美元。
他分析指出,俄罗斯和中东欧国家的名义GDP高于中国,其石油消耗是中国的70%。就资源消费而言,它们一度构成世界经济的巨大通缩力量——1989年至 1999年间,其石油消费的减少量是中国增加量的2倍。它们的复苏,将在能源市场上产生与中国需求同样重要的影响。就劳动力供给来说,中东欧国家的失业率比西欧低;而且,俄罗斯及中东欧国家与西欧一样,都经历着社会的老龄化。在我看来,它们的劳动力市场条件,也将推动全球通胀。
中国制造业的发展是保持低通胀的另一个原因。但这一低成本扩张已经走到尽头。四种重要投入品——劳动力、土地、煤和环境——都已经达到供给极限。
他进一步指出,新兴经济体的通胀有很多原因。过剩货币的增加会导致货币贬值和通胀,但这不必然带来全球通胀。贬值和通胀对其他国家的影响可能互相抵消。他预言,未来十年,中国也许将引领全球经济通胀。
谢国忠剖析金融危机
和讯网:各位和讯的网友大家好,今天我们非常荣幸邀请到著名经济学家谢国忠先生。
和讯网:最近一个月以来,越南经济正在遭遇高速通胀,本币极升、股市崩盘、楼市暴跌,我想请教您越南现在金融动荡的局面可以称之为金融危机吗?
谢国忠:可以导致金融危机。接下来银行会出现坏账,一般资本市场泡沫都是有泡沫的,银行信贷扩张很快的,06年25%的增加,07年是50%的增加。这是带来资产泡沫直接的导火线。如果房地产价格、股市价格下降以后,会引起一轮坏账。这个会引起危机。至于会不会影响货币危机取决于政府应付这件事,现在越南出现的情况跟中国在92年、93年出现的情况类似。
谢国忠:该做的事情要求加息,现在利息已经过10%了,但是离通胀的距离还是很远,如果它不赶紧加息有恶性循环的可能。储蓄者把存款拿出来为了避免货币贬值会去买东西,或者换外汇。这样会带来不稳定,就是说要赶快加息,要采取像中国94年出现通胀补贴的政策。
谢国忠:还有一点,货币这个时候不能让它大贬,如果贬的话也会引起恶性循环。本身越南外汇储备大概有200多亿美金,它能支撑一段时间,不能完全支撑得住,不知道能到多少?所以赶紧货币基金跟邻国的央行求助,保持货币稳定加息。(11: 09)
谢国忠:第三点就是减少投资,投资规模最近这几年膨胀很快,近达到35%的GDP,但是本身资金储蓄不够。现在他们外贸逆差有9%的GDP,在投资当中有很大一块是通过外来的资金支持它,而这个资金很不稳定。所以现在要赶快加息、货币稳定、引入投资。
和讯网:第二个问题现在造成越南金融危机的原因是什么?现在有一种说法是热钱的又一次阴谋我不知道您认同不认同这个说法?
谢国忠:在世界上金融市场里的阴谋是极少的,因为这个市场很少有几百个人坐下来商量。包括制鞋、制衣等类,引起媒体对它捧好,认为越南是下一个中国。近一个月前,杂志上头版就说越南成长有多好、经济增长有多快,我觉得乐观并不是错误的,这个国家管理模式有点北东亚经济管理模式,从中长期来说,近期会好的,但是它被大家捧的有点冲混了头脑。
谢国忠:有很多热钱进来,从基金管理公司来说,他主要扩大他的市场规模,那是他收入的主要来源。如果有什么热门话题,他可能通过热门话题去融资,所以出现了很多越南的基金,有10多个越南基金。这些基金不同于一般的热钱,一般老百姓把钱投到股市里来,老百姓不知道越南的股市有多高。一般投资金融在香港、台湾、日本、美国,他不太清楚,就把钱给了基金,基金就拿着钱投,然后就买越南股票,所以出现越南股票疯涨,带动了房地产的疯涨。
谢国忠:另外一点,钱进去之后,央行需要把本币换成本金,基础货币大幅度上升引起信贷大幅度上升。其实越南也是对冲了很多流入。但是因为它经济规模很小,只有上海经济三分之二。他的钱进来之后引起信贷快速增长。刚开始的时候,信贷增长有一部分去炒股票。今年年初的时候,政府出台政策,限制银行借钱炒股票。后来下半年的钱全部转入房地产市场,我认为这是由于经济管理失误造成的。
和讯网:它面临的问题是不是跟中国面临的问题相似,因为中国现在也出现了通胀,包括人民币升值、股市的不稳定、热钱的大量流入,跟这些现象是不是很类似?
谢国忠:发展中国家这几年资产上市的比较快,美国货币政策比较宽松。去年又因为次贷的危机美国货币再一次放松。我们看到发达国家实际利益是负的,普遍在美国、欧洲、日本同时出现这样情况,这是70年代以来第一次出现这样的情况,因为货币政策很宽松。
谢国忠:发展中国家的金融市场跟发达国家相比还是比较小的,大概有20%左右。所以在发达国家货币环境这么宽松的情况下,有很多资金流出来。这时候出现了很多概念,比如说金砖四国这样的概念,很多热钱流入发展中国家。这些钱进来之后主要进入资产市场、房地产和股市,所以这个确实有一定的类似性。但是中国跟越南有两个根本性不一样,一个是外贸顺差比较大,越南外贸是很大的逆差。另外中国财政方面来说还是一个缓冲的工具。
谢国忠:在世界上跟越南类似的国家,越南跟中国的92年、93年非常类似,今天的印度跟他也有点类似。印度也是高通胀、双逆差,财政跟外贸都是的。接下来,我觉得越南、包括印度在内都会出现类似的现象。但是越南出现这样的现象对资本市场的打击会非常大。主要是因为我们现在在资本市场的全球化是一个很大的力量,钱到处可以自由的流动,而且钱流动的数量非常大。
谢国忠:很多市场信心建立于在中国和印度对经济的前景看好,比如石油市场,石油市场里的油,我们知道的一些期货基金就有2500亿美金。其他的对冲基金都不知道,这是很大的市场,都依赖于中国和印度的信心。印度和中国经济好不受油价的影响,这是个误解。其实中国都是补贴石油价钱,油价高后,没有进行调整,所以高价位、高需求同时存在。
谢国忠:印度问题比较严重,印度炼油厂每个星期亏损10亿美金,一年500多亿美金,印度的亏损是中国的三分之一,所以他的亏损是维持不住的。如果他一旦支撑不住,他放弃之后引起通胀大幅度上升。现在通胀也近10%。如果油价再一上升,又可能出现像越南这样的情况。如果他通胀这么高,就会采取紧缩的政策,造成远期都会下降,一下降,印度的热钱不会比越南少,所以退出之后对印度会有很大的打击。
谢国忠:如果印度出现这样的情况,国际金融市场会做比较大的调整,因为他的定位比越南的定位高很多.
和讯网:现在大家有一种悲观的观点,是说越南的金融动荡或者危机是第二次亚洲金融危机的第一张倒下的股牌,我不知道您对这种观点是否认可?
谢国忠:我觉得跟98年、97年有很大的区别。97年这个问题是因为东南亚的国家都借很多美金的债务。因为美金的债务,大家同时要还钱,还不了钱就出现了贬值和银行的危机。
谢国忠:这次除了越南热之外,其他东南国家都不热,像马来西亚、印度尼西亚、泰国并没有得到很多钱,像香港也没有得到很多钱,或者韩国也没有得到很多钱,所以这次热是不一样的。像中国、印度热,俄国、巴西也相对热一点。这是一个区别。
谢国忠:第二个区别,那些国家美金储备很高。跟97年美金不够有根本性的区别。除了少数的国家,像越南这样的,有这种情况,一般来说,我觉得货币危机的出现不会是全面性的,如果货币危机不是我们这次最重要的挑战,是不是银行危机是比较重要的挑战。
谢国忠:我觉得像越南可能会出现这样的情况,我觉得印度也可能出现这样的情况。很多热钱进去直接进入股市,这样抽钱出来股市就会缩水,所以你能抽出少不是由你自己决定的。
谢国忠:97年我贷给你是美金债务,不管银行怎么样?经济怎么样?你货币怎么样?我抽出来的钱是不变的。所以这个也是一个很大的区别。所以我觉得我们会出现一定的危机,这个危机不是全面的危机,而是有些国家的危机。这是跟十年前不一样。
谢国忠:另外,发展中国家主要面临的问题就是通胀问题,通胀问题,大家面临的情况都非常类似。通胀问题怎么解决?现在或多或少发展中国家都有些补贴政策,补贴政策维持增长,这个有很大的问题。
谢国忠:现在石油价格在发展中国家可能是50美金左右,按照美国美金有30%的贬值,可比的就是35块钱,跟现在120块钱距离很远,发展中国家面临很大的问题就是怎么从补贴政策里解套,因为补贴下去,财政受不了。
谢国忠:刚刚印度尼西亚把汽油的价格提了30%,也就是说提到0.42元人民币的水平,占实际成本一半都不到,这已经引起政策波动了,所以这次很多国家面临的问题是由通胀带来的社会不稳定。特别是粮食的价格和能源的价格上升以后可能会出现政治一定的波动,这是我们要警惕的事。
和讯网:包括越南是主要粮食出口国,但是他粮食的价格也是很高的。是不是也有这方面的推动原因?
谢国忠:对,粮食价格因为是国际化,既有生产过剩的,也有出口的,出口就是国际价,所以国内价也会和国际价接轨。像阿根廷他要限制出口,或者要有出口加税,农民就不认账,农民要赚钱,农民就上街游行,所以引起政策不稳定。
谢国忠:对价格体系长期的干预,结果真正的市场价格跟消费者接受的价格有很大的区别。这当中财政支持不住了,以后怎么办?我觉得这是发展中国家面临的共同问题,如果处理不好会引起社会的不稳定。最终向市场价格走。
谢国忠:越早解脱物价控制,财政剩余的能力还留了一部分,利用财政剩余能力稳定弱势群体,越拖得久,财政越没有能力,你放弃物价控制以后,你是被动的,你是迫不得已的,你放弃以后不稳定的因素太多了,所以很多国家都走这条路。
谢国忠:我觉得我们接下来主要观察发展中国家社会稳定的问题。
和讯网:我们中国的恐惧包括和讯的网友都很关心的是这次越南金融动荡对中国股市有什么影响 ?
谢国忠:越南对广西贸易影响比较大,对中国经济整体来说影响还是有限的,越南主要的影响是对金融市场里面的行为的一些修正,因为大家看到越南到今天还这么看好,这说明很多媒体热门的话题都靠不住。
谢国忠:在这种情况下会引起资金的变化。最近我们看到中国人民币软息的价格有很大的回调,这说明这个市场流动性还是比较大的,说明对中国人民币升值发生了比较大的变化。
谢国忠:这个大的变化应该说对其他的发展中国家出现的事件也是有关的。包括越南在内,韩国的货币也有贬。所以我觉得对中国的热钱也是有很大的影响。
谢国忠:现在人民币的软息比现货价格低不少,6.6左右,但是这个趋势是相互接近。等到两边价格是一致的时候,当然对中国货币政策管理就可以放开了。但是对热钱的回流,到底我们有多少热钱我们不知道。
谢国忠:香港人每天可以换两万块人民币,通过在国内银行帐款,每天可以向国内汇款。我认识的香港人大部分钱都在国内,这些钱都在中国。如果要回流,是不是对中国流动性到底有多大冲击也不知道,所以这是一个不确定因素要警惕的。
和讯网:您预计国内的热钱大概有多少?
谢国忠:最近外汇储备增加的速度比外贸顺差加上直接投资FDI要高很多,像4月份可能高500亿美金,这么大规模不可解释的资金,风险是很高的。而且现在国内资金的压力主要来自于房地产开发商去年高价购买土地,现在今年没有钱给政府。
谢国忠:所以这个资金缺口是巨大的,去年买地,今年交钱,这个资金缺口对今年中国整个金融体系有很大的影响。所以不可解释的美金可能跟这个也有关。这个里面到底有多少是短期债务,还说不清,我觉得这个是比较危险的事情。
和讯网:现在有两个问题,第一个是越南股市的大跌,包括周边国家的通货膨胀,会不会刺激热钱大量流入中国?如果随着越南经济危机的进一步爆发,导致整个金融安全受到影响,大部分的热钱会不会从中国撤离?
谢国忠:98年、97年看到这样的情况。在5月份泰国贬值之后,最后一波热钱就退到香港,香港就创新高,当时8月份已经来控制香港的汇率了,香港利息已经是最高位了,后来股市又创新高。这次越南的规模比较小,对香港的股市影响也不是很大。
谢国忠:现在香港股市有一点钱转移过来,香港股市价格还是比较高的,可能有部分钱进来。但是我觉得对新兴市场来说,最大的危机就是印度股市。双逆差、高通胀、有不可维持的物价补贴。所以有一个鞋子落地,整体就会出现很大的调整。
和讯网:现在我们的意思是说越南可能爆发危机风险没有印度大。
谢国忠:影响大。越南在国际上,大家关注的人并不是很多。印度就不一样,中国、印度金砖四国,印度这轮发展跟中国放在一起,带来很多好处。如果他撑不住,影响会是巨大的。
谢国忠:接下来我们要观察就是印度的股市,他很核心的事情就是油价补贴这个事维持多久?他一放弃之后,经济就会下滑,热钱退出,货币就会贬值。
和讯网:因为这些外汇的因素不可控,如果从内部来讲,中国对热钱的监管,您觉得应该怎么样才能比较有效?
谢国忠:我觉得香港的门应该关掉,当时开的时候是为了发展境外货币业务,现在不需要境外货币业务,所以这个口不需要开,应该赶快关掉。
和讯网:如果这笔钱大批撤离会对中国造成什么影响?
谢国忠:影响比较低,对资金的回流会有一个缓冲期,但是中小银行、股份制银行受冲击比较大。所以这个会有一定的影响,但是我觉得中国会有一定的热钱的冲击,但是这不是中国最重要的因素,最重要的因素是中国的通胀和物价补贴,这个情况到底怎么处理?
谢国忠:中国政策结合是物价控制、低利息,换成另一边是高利息、物价市场化。这个过渡是怎么过度?我们现在是物价管制和低利息的结合,这是行政行为引起来的,这是不可持续的。
谢国忠:因为这是连锁反应你控制一个物价,又会发现控制另外一个物价,一直这样走下去就变成物价经济了,所以这条路是走不通的。所以我建议物价应该放开,越早越好。物价放开之后,有财政资金补贴弱视群体,像学生和低保。
谢国忠:农产品的价格现在不到位,没有人愿意做农民,全世界都是这样的情况。农产品的价格一定要高到大家愿意做农民才行,不然农产品价格为什么这么低,大家不愿意做农民。
谢国忠:我们要支持农业、补贴农民,价格上去,农民就可以了。另外工资也要上升,这是应付通货膨胀主要的手段,然后把利息抬到通胀之上,就是不要有这么大的空档,负利率这么大,因为这是不稳定的因素。
谢国忠:所以中国的经济不是外面有人逼中国走哪一条路,现在我们还是有自己选择的余地,主要是自己选择问题。当然如果出现被动情况,就是出现短缺的情况怎么办?
谢国忠:电场不赚钱,逆控制电煤的价格。但是控制价格核心后果就是短缺,出现油慌、电慌、煤慌,这种情况就要被迫做政策调整。政策调整一定要有前瞻性,前瞻性才会带来稳定。这是现在主要政策上要考虑的事情。
和讯网:我们有一个网友问越南的危机导致热钱可能会流入中国对A股的大盘是一个利好还是一个利空?
谢国忠:我觉得对A股影响比较小,现在主要资金转移是回到香港。香港跟中国的A股联动主要是通过QFII,在香港挂牌主要是指数基金,他主要是对中国宏观政策的判断。
谢国忠:他如果觉得中国政府可能是不会有旧市,他就退出去了,所以外资流入中国A股的进进出出,我个人觉得完全是根据中国政府政策方向的判断,主要是中国政府行为预测的投机。
和讯网:您预测哪些板块会受到比较大的影响?
谢国忠:我觉得影响并不会太大,主要看中国的股民在越南危机的影子当中能不能找到中国的问题,比如在信贷高速增长的时候,银行也有很大的盈利。现在有可能会出现一些坏账,所以盈利要打折扣。这是大家要重视的.
谢国忠:像地产商在信贷高速增长的情况下,他盈利也很好,是不是这个盈利也要打折扣。我觉得通过资产市场牛市,要赚钱的公司就要有点警惕,反而直接依赖于消费者消费的,可能他要靠得住一点。
和讯网:在越南居高不下高通胀的情况下会不会加速亚洲的通胀,推动中国CPI的上涨 ?
谢国忠:亚洲货币处于弱势,主要原因油价上升之后,外贸逆差增大,引起他货币要贬值的可能性。一贬值引起的通胀更多,所以这确实是通胀问题在呈现加剧的状态。
谢国忠:特别是每次石油涨十几块他都会停一停,看一看政治上有什么反映?看看需求是不是下降了?如果需求没有下降他又会来一轮推,所以我们在政策上没有根本的调整下,通胀还是影响不大。
和讯网:目前对输入型的通胀您怎么看?
谢国忠:我们全球化当中有一个问题,通胀很多跟世界是联动的,一个国家采取行动支持通胀,结果坏处始终留给自己,好处跟别人分享了。这个矛盾引起全世界国家都不太愿意处理通胀。他觉得不合算。这样一来引起全世界通胀。
谢国忠:所以我们这次如果通胀,全世界和央行要有一点合作,才能把通胀有效的控制住。如果大家都想让别人控制通胀,我觉得这样很危险,会导致以后全世界通胀处于高位.
谢国忠:欧洲的央行可能要加息,美国的央行通胀是一个大问题,现在谈通胀比较多,引起美金也有一个比较大的分摊,暂时抑制油价的上升,我们不知道央行的行长是说说,还是有行动?
谢国忠:如果他老是说没有行动,就变成纸老虎,那就是又一轮的油价上升,又一轮的通胀来了。所以我觉得接下来的问题,世界央行还没有下决心我们治通胀,其他的问题先不管。
谢国忠:我们现在还没有到这一步,现在老是谈这件事情、谈那件事情,论辩谈一下通胀,可通胀是央行最重要的任务,现在央行通胀重视度不是很高,通胀问题是20年来的大问题,央行有多元化的现象。
谢国忠:所以到了今天我们通胀回来的时候,还是有这种惯性——目标多元化,就是通胀的恶化,通胀的恶化在今年一年以来可能不可避免,光说不管的做法不管用了,全世界央行会一起加息,我觉得明年下半年有可能出现。
和讯网:中国今年您预计他会加几次息?怎么加息?
谢国忠:中国奥运时会加息,中国负利率情况很严重。万一出现储蓄者把银行里的钱拿出去买东西囤积,波动就会大了。而且人民币的升值渐渐要消失了,我从来没有相信过这件事。
谢国忠:如果加息,股市、楼市稳定之后反而会阻止热钱进来。你想老百姓存款、家庭储蓄存款18万亿、19万亿,全国储蓄存款32万亿,现在我们的负利率四个百分点,一年储蓄者送给借钱人的钱是1万多亿,他们这种企业一共挣多少钱。
谢国忠:所以我觉得这不光是一个不稳定的政策,也是一个不公平的政策。凭什么自己辛辛苦苦挣来的钱补贴另外一个人,这些人就不应该活下去。现在不光是四个百分点,贷款的利率可以上调,现在已经上调利率已经很高了。
谢国忠:所以这种情况真是莫名其妙,为什么不把银行顺差缩小到国际水平,降两个百分点就够了。所以我们现在加息的话,就不用加贷款的利息,加存款的利息就够了。
和讯网:我看到我们的网友也提出来一个观点,中国拿4.18%的存款利率压制8.3%的通胀膨胀率。
谢国忠:4个百分点的负利率已经很大了,那是不稳定的因素,但是不稳定因素是靠物价管制。所以不要担心,物价管制就会形成命令。
和讯网:如果大幅加息的确可以压制通货膨胀会马上击破房地产泡沫,造成银行破产、大规模企业倒闭,如果不加息,如何能走出这个怪圈?
谢国忠:如果继续维持这个政策,真的问题很大。中国银行这几年挣了很多钱,而且做了很多工作。
谢国忠:中国不会出现98年的情况,银行的坏账率达到40%,10%几可能有,但是不至于破产,主要还是银监会07年经济周期刚起来的时候,他就警惕过热,一直抓的比较紧,所以银行的贷存比为什么那么低?这是跟管银行的政策有关。
谢国忠:我们可能能够躲过这一劫,大银行危机不会有危机。中小型企业靠负债维持,他可能就会有一定影响。
谢国忠:我们服务行业还是很好的,现在我们出现的压力是工资要上调,我觉得工资上调也不是一件坏事情,中国第一批劳动力市场基本达到平,不是供大于求。
和讯网:上调多少比较合适?
谢国忠:中国男女工资从90年代中有十年没怎么调整,经济翻两倍,所以我觉得中国基层工资上调20%是应该的吧。
谢国忠:中国的工资涨有点补涨,一般是8%的通胀,过去经济发展过程当中,劳动分享的好处没有那么多,很多钱跑到政府那里去了,所以这也是要调整的。
谢国忠: 我觉得今年基本工资,一般人调20%以上是应该的,我觉得这个是市场的压力,要推的也是这样。因为现在很多工厂里出现劳工短缺,其实就是价格没有到位。价格到位了人就都来了,所以这说明我们工资是有问题的。
和讯网:您刚才谈到涨工资,我是举双手支持,现在越南也存在这种情况,很多产业工人受不了高通胀,他也要求加工资,这对在越南投资的中资企业是不是也会造成不利的影响?您能不能给他们一些建议?让他们如何面对可能爆发的金融危机?
谢国忠:中国最近这两三年有不少企业跑到越南去,因为中国的成本比较高,现在这种情况下,我觉得也是因为大家去的人太多,引起过热。
谢国忠:我觉得越南的成本来说,对工厂这个危机还是有一定的好处。像中国92年、93年的情况还是有一定的好处。不用太担心,但是问题在于他一定会出现比较大的信贷紧缩,一定是比较高。
谢国忠:所以你自己的资金够,在越南现在的情况不会太严重,这是对出口型的企业。对内销的企业,特别买一些投资产品,盈利最近两三年会出现很大的困难,跟中国92年、93年很类似,有一个很大的调整。如果卖钢铁水泥在越南,这是比较困难的一件事。
和讯网:您对我们中国通过越南的危机,您对中国股市的投资者有没有一些比较好的建议?
谢国忠:我觉得投股市最重要是自己要懂这个公司,你对这个公司不懂,投股票一个是对公司有前途,第二个它的价位不是太高。
谢国忠:中国谈价位往往是股票是一块钱还是两块钱,股票是没有绝对价格的,只有相对价格的。你对这家公司的判断是五年盈利多少?有一个倍数,你做一个判断,我觉得这是投资的核心事情。
谢国忠:如果看短期的波动,你不是价值投资者,价值投资者对公司盈利、研究报告、今年盈利多少、明年盈利多少,五年盈利加起来跟你资产的股价加起来是不是合适?这是我们投资者第一要重视的事情。
谢国忠:如果你光看波动,股市有上、有下,我在低的时候进去,高的时候出来,这是一个梦,没有人能做到,所以技术判断是没有完美的,而且根本不能跟券商里的交易人竞争。
谢国忠:因为他能看到交易量朝哪里走?所以为什么华尔街有交易员,他有一定的优势,他看到的信息是领先于你的。
和讯网:通过越南目前遭遇的这些问题,因为中国这种开放,包括这种改革,其实跟越南是非常相似的。
谢国忠:次后于中国。
和讯网:越南遭遇的危机对中国有没有警示呢?
谢国忠:政策有前瞻性,在信贷增长很快的时候,没有通胀,你说没有问题。它是滞后的,通胀来了之后,我们想办法把通胀压下去,搞通胀控制,那也不行,通胀是由很多年积累的,到来的时候,你说我不让他来,那是不可能的事情。
谢国忠:你得把政策进行调整,比如洪水来的时候你怎么办?你得让坝挡住,决堤的时候是不堪设想的,所以最好不要有坝,天天流动,这样就不会出现大波动。所以政策的变动,我们必须得把因果因素搞明白。
谢国忠:第二点,他没有前瞻性,他就通过片面的一件事情解释,他从一点来解释一个面,像这种情况也是很严重的。
和讯网:今天非常感谢谢老师的精彩观点,由于时间关系我们的访谈到此结束。谢谢网友参与,谢谢谢老师。祝大家端午节快乐!
和讯网:最近一个月以来,越南经济正在遭遇高速通胀,本币极升、股市崩盘、楼市暴跌,我想请教您越南现在金融动荡的局面可以称之为金融危机吗?
谢国忠:可以导致金融危机。接下来银行会出现坏账,一般资本市场泡沫都是有泡沫的,银行信贷扩张很快的,06年25%的增加,07年是50%的增加。这是带来资产泡沫直接的导火线。如果房地产价格、股市价格下降以后,会引起一轮坏账。这个会引起危机。至于会不会影响货币危机取决于政府应付这件事,现在越南出现的情况跟中国在92年、93年出现的情况类似。
谢国忠:该做的事情要求加息,现在利息已经过10%了,但是离通胀的距离还是很远,如果它不赶紧加息有恶性循环的可能。储蓄者把存款拿出来为了避免货币贬值会去买东西,或者换外汇。这样会带来不稳定,就是说要赶快加息,要采取像中国94年出现通胀补贴的政策。
谢国忠:还有一点,货币这个时候不能让它大贬,如果贬的话也会引起恶性循环。本身越南外汇储备大概有200多亿美金,它能支撑一段时间,不能完全支撑得住,不知道能到多少?所以赶紧货币基金跟邻国的央行求助,保持货币稳定加息。(11: 09)
谢国忠:第三点就是减少投资,投资规模最近这几年膨胀很快,近达到35%的GDP,但是本身资金储蓄不够。现在他们外贸逆差有9%的GDP,在投资当中有很大一块是通过外来的资金支持它,而这个资金很不稳定。所以现在要赶快加息、货币稳定、引入投资。
和讯网:第二个问题现在造成越南金融危机的原因是什么?现在有一种说法是热钱的又一次阴谋我不知道您认同不认同这个说法?
谢国忠:在世界上金融市场里的阴谋是极少的,因为这个市场很少有几百个人坐下来商量。包括制鞋、制衣等类,引起媒体对它捧好,认为越南是下一个中国。近一个月前,杂志上头版就说越南成长有多好、经济增长有多快,我觉得乐观并不是错误的,这个国家管理模式有点北东亚经济管理模式,从中长期来说,近期会好的,但是它被大家捧的有点冲混了头脑。
谢国忠:有很多热钱进来,从基金管理公司来说,他主要扩大他的市场规模,那是他收入的主要来源。如果有什么热门话题,他可能通过热门话题去融资,所以出现了很多越南的基金,有10多个越南基金。这些基金不同于一般的热钱,一般老百姓把钱投到股市里来,老百姓不知道越南的股市有多高。一般投资金融在香港、台湾、日本、美国,他不太清楚,就把钱给了基金,基金就拿着钱投,然后就买越南股票,所以出现越南股票疯涨,带动了房地产的疯涨。
谢国忠:另外一点,钱进去之后,央行需要把本币换成本金,基础货币大幅度上升引起信贷大幅度上升。其实越南也是对冲了很多流入。但是因为它经济规模很小,只有上海经济三分之二。他的钱进来之后引起信贷快速增长。刚开始的时候,信贷增长有一部分去炒股票。今年年初的时候,政府出台政策,限制银行借钱炒股票。后来下半年的钱全部转入房地产市场,我认为这是由于经济管理失误造成的。
和讯网:它面临的问题是不是跟中国面临的问题相似,因为中国现在也出现了通胀,包括人民币升值、股市的不稳定、热钱的大量流入,跟这些现象是不是很类似?
谢国忠:发展中国家这几年资产上市的比较快,美国货币政策比较宽松。去年又因为次贷的危机美国货币再一次放松。我们看到发达国家实际利益是负的,普遍在美国、欧洲、日本同时出现这样情况,这是70年代以来第一次出现这样的情况,因为货币政策很宽松。
谢国忠:发展中国家的金融市场跟发达国家相比还是比较小的,大概有20%左右。所以在发达国家货币环境这么宽松的情况下,有很多资金流出来。这时候出现了很多概念,比如说金砖四国这样的概念,很多热钱流入发展中国家。这些钱进来之后主要进入资产市场、房地产和股市,所以这个确实有一定的类似性。但是中国跟越南有两个根本性不一样,一个是外贸顺差比较大,越南外贸是很大的逆差。另外中国财政方面来说还是一个缓冲的工具。
谢国忠:在世界上跟越南类似的国家,越南跟中国的92年、93年非常类似,今天的印度跟他也有点类似。印度也是高通胀、双逆差,财政跟外贸都是的。接下来,我觉得越南、包括印度在内都会出现类似的现象。但是越南出现这样的现象对资本市场的打击会非常大。主要是因为我们现在在资本市场的全球化是一个很大的力量,钱到处可以自由的流动,而且钱流动的数量非常大。
谢国忠:很多市场信心建立于在中国和印度对经济的前景看好,比如石油市场,石油市场里的油,我们知道的一些期货基金就有2500亿美金。其他的对冲基金都不知道,这是很大的市场,都依赖于中国和印度的信心。印度和中国经济好不受油价的影响,这是个误解。其实中国都是补贴石油价钱,油价高后,没有进行调整,所以高价位、高需求同时存在。
谢国忠:印度问题比较严重,印度炼油厂每个星期亏损10亿美金,一年500多亿美金,印度的亏损是中国的三分之一,所以他的亏损是维持不住的。如果他一旦支撑不住,他放弃之后引起通胀大幅度上升。现在通胀也近10%。如果油价再一上升,又可能出现像越南这样的情况。如果他通胀这么高,就会采取紧缩的政策,造成远期都会下降,一下降,印度的热钱不会比越南少,所以退出之后对印度会有很大的打击。
谢国忠:如果印度出现这样的情况,国际金融市场会做比较大的调整,因为他的定位比越南的定位高很多.
和讯网:现在大家有一种悲观的观点,是说越南的金融动荡或者危机是第二次亚洲金融危机的第一张倒下的股牌,我不知道您对这种观点是否认可?
谢国忠:我觉得跟98年、97年有很大的区别。97年这个问题是因为东南亚的国家都借很多美金的债务。因为美金的债务,大家同时要还钱,还不了钱就出现了贬值和银行的危机。
谢国忠:这次除了越南热之外,其他东南国家都不热,像马来西亚、印度尼西亚、泰国并没有得到很多钱,像香港也没有得到很多钱,或者韩国也没有得到很多钱,所以这次热是不一样的。像中国、印度热,俄国、巴西也相对热一点。这是一个区别。
谢国忠:第二个区别,那些国家美金储备很高。跟97年美金不够有根本性的区别。除了少数的国家,像越南这样的,有这种情况,一般来说,我觉得货币危机的出现不会是全面性的,如果货币危机不是我们这次最重要的挑战,是不是银行危机是比较重要的挑战。
谢国忠:我觉得像越南可能会出现这样的情况,我觉得印度也可能出现这样的情况。很多热钱进去直接进入股市,这样抽钱出来股市就会缩水,所以你能抽出少不是由你自己决定的。
谢国忠:97年我贷给你是美金债务,不管银行怎么样?经济怎么样?你货币怎么样?我抽出来的钱是不变的。所以这个也是一个很大的区别。所以我觉得我们会出现一定的危机,这个危机不是全面的危机,而是有些国家的危机。这是跟十年前不一样。
谢国忠:另外,发展中国家主要面临的问题就是通胀问题,通胀问题,大家面临的情况都非常类似。通胀问题怎么解决?现在或多或少发展中国家都有些补贴政策,补贴政策维持增长,这个有很大的问题。
谢国忠:现在石油价格在发展中国家可能是50美金左右,按照美国美金有30%的贬值,可比的就是35块钱,跟现在120块钱距离很远,发展中国家面临很大的问题就是怎么从补贴政策里解套,因为补贴下去,财政受不了。
谢国忠:刚刚印度尼西亚把汽油的价格提了30%,也就是说提到0.42元人民币的水平,占实际成本一半都不到,这已经引起政策波动了,所以这次很多国家面临的问题是由通胀带来的社会不稳定。特别是粮食的价格和能源的价格上升以后可能会出现政治一定的波动,这是我们要警惕的事。
和讯网:包括越南是主要粮食出口国,但是他粮食的价格也是很高的。是不是也有这方面的推动原因?
谢国忠:对,粮食价格因为是国际化,既有生产过剩的,也有出口的,出口就是国际价,所以国内价也会和国际价接轨。像阿根廷他要限制出口,或者要有出口加税,农民就不认账,农民要赚钱,农民就上街游行,所以引起政策不稳定。
谢国忠:对价格体系长期的干预,结果真正的市场价格跟消费者接受的价格有很大的区别。这当中财政支持不住了,以后怎么办?我觉得这是发展中国家面临的共同问题,如果处理不好会引起社会的不稳定。最终向市场价格走。
谢国忠:越早解脱物价控制,财政剩余的能力还留了一部分,利用财政剩余能力稳定弱势群体,越拖得久,财政越没有能力,你放弃物价控制以后,你是被动的,你是迫不得已的,你放弃以后不稳定的因素太多了,所以很多国家都走这条路。
谢国忠:我觉得我们接下来主要观察发展中国家社会稳定的问题。
和讯网:我们中国的恐惧包括和讯的网友都很关心的是这次越南金融动荡对中国股市有什么影响 ?
谢国忠:越南对广西贸易影响比较大,对中国经济整体来说影响还是有限的,越南主要的影响是对金融市场里面的行为的一些修正,因为大家看到越南到今天还这么看好,这说明很多媒体热门的话题都靠不住。
谢国忠:在这种情况下会引起资金的变化。最近我们看到中国人民币软息的价格有很大的回调,这说明这个市场流动性还是比较大的,说明对中国人民币升值发生了比较大的变化。
谢国忠:这个大的变化应该说对其他的发展中国家出现的事件也是有关的。包括越南在内,韩国的货币也有贬。所以我觉得对中国的热钱也是有很大的影响。
谢国忠:现在人民币的软息比现货价格低不少,6.6左右,但是这个趋势是相互接近。等到两边价格是一致的时候,当然对中国货币政策管理就可以放开了。但是对热钱的回流,到底我们有多少热钱我们不知道。
谢国忠:香港人每天可以换两万块人民币,通过在国内银行帐款,每天可以向国内汇款。我认识的香港人大部分钱都在国内,这些钱都在中国。如果要回流,是不是对中国流动性到底有多大冲击也不知道,所以这是一个不确定因素要警惕的。
和讯网:您预计国内的热钱大概有多少?
谢国忠:最近外汇储备增加的速度比外贸顺差加上直接投资FDI要高很多,像4月份可能高500亿美金,这么大规模不可解释的资金,风险是很高的。而且现在国内资金的压力主要来自于房地产开发商去年高价购买土地,现在今年没有钱给政府。
谢国忠:所以这个资金缺口是巨大的,去年买地,今年交钱,这个资金缺口对今年中国整个金融体系有很大的影响。所以不可解释的美金可能跟这个也有关。这个里面到底有多少是短期债务,还说不清,我觉得这个是比较危险的事情。
和讯网:现在有两个问题,第一个是越南股市的大跌,包括周边国家的通货膨胀,会不会刺激热钱大量流入中国?如果随着越南经济危机的进一步爆发,导致整个金融安全受到影响,大部分的热钱会不会从中国撤离?
谢国忠:98年、97年看到这样的情况。在5月份泰国贬值之后,最后一波热钱就退到香港,香港就创新高,当时8月份已经来控制香港的汇率了,香港利息已经是最高位了,后来股市又创新高。这次越南的规模比较小,对香港的股市影响也不是很大。
谢国忠:现在香港股市有一点钱转移过来,香港股市价格还是比较高的,可能有部分钱进来。但是我觉得对新兴市场来说,最大的危机就是印度股市。双逆差、高通胀、有不可维持的物价补贴。所以有一个鞋子落地,整体就会出现很大的调整。
和讯网:现在我们的意思是说越南可能爆发危机风险没有印度大。
谢国忠:影响大。越南在国际上,大家关注的人并不是很多。印度就不一样,中国、印度金砖四国,印度这轮发展跟中国放在一起,带来很多好处。如果他撑不住,影响会是巨大的。
谢国忠:接下来我们要观察就是印度的股市,他很核心的事情就是油价补贴这个事维持多久?他一放弃之后,经济就会下滑,热钱退出,货币就会贬值。
和讯网:因为这些外汇的因素不可控,如果从内部来讲,中国对热钱的监管,您觉得应该怎么样才能比较有效?
谢国忠:我觉得香港的门应该关掉,当时开的时候是为了发展境外货币业务,现在不需要境外货币业务,所以这个口不需要开,应该赶快关掉。
和讯网:如果这笔钱大批撤离会对中国造成什么影响?
谢国忠:影响比较低,对资金的回流会有一个缓冲期,但是中小银行、股份制银行受冲击比较大。所以这个会有一定的影响,但是我觉得中国会有一定的热钱的冲击,但是这不是中国最重要的因素,最重要的因素是中国的通胀和物价补贴,这个情况到底怎么处理?
谢国忠:中国政策结合是物价控制、低利息,换成另一边是高利息、物价市场化。这个过渡是怎么过度?我们现在是物价管制和低利息的结合,这是行政行为引起来的,这是不可持续的。
谢国忠:因为这是连锁反应你控制一个物价,又会发现控制另外一个物价,一直这样走下去就变成物价经济了,所以这条路是走不通的。所以我建议物价应该放开,越早越好。物价放开之后,有财政资金补贴弱视群体,像学生和低保。
谢国忠:农产品的价格现在不到位,没有人愿意做农民,全世界都是这样的情况。农产品的价格一定要高到大家愿意做农民才行,不然农产品价格为什么这么低,大家不愿意做农民。
谢国忠:我们要支持农业、补贴农民,价格上去,农民就可以了。另外工资也要上升,这是应付通货膨胀主要的手段,然后把利息抬到通胀之上,就是不要有这么大的空档,负利率这么大,因为这是不稳定的因素。
谢国忠:所以中国的经济不是外面有人逼中国走哪一条路,现在我们还是有自己选择的余地,主要是自己选择问题。当然如果出现被动情况,就是出现短缺的情况怎么办?
谢国忠:电场不赚钱,逆控制电煤的价格。但是控制价格核心后果就是短缺,出现油慌、电慌、煤慌,这种情况就要被迫做政策调整。政策调整一定要有前瞻性,前瞻性才会带来稳定。这是现在主要政策上要考虑的事情。
和讯网:我们有一个网友问越南的危机导致热钱可能会流入中国对A股的大盘是一个利好还是一个利空?
谢国忠:我觉得对A股影响比较小,现在主要资金转移是回到香港。香港跟中国的A股联动主要是通过QFII,在香港挂牌主要是指数基金,他主要是对中国宏观政策的判断。
谢国忠:他如果觉得中国政府可能是不会有旧市,他就退出去了,所以外资流入中国A股的进进出出,我个人觉得完全是根据中国政府政策方向的判断,主要是中国政府行为预测的投机。
和讯网:您预测哪些板块会受到比较大的影响?
谢国忠:我觉得影响并不会太大,主要看中国的股民在越南危机的影子当中能不能找到中国的问题,比如在信贷高速增长的时候,银行也有很大的盈利。现在有可能会出现一些坏账,所以盈利要打折扣。这是大家要重视的.
谢国忠:像地产商在信贷高速增长的情况下,他盈利也很好,是不是这个盈利也要打折扣。我觉得通过资产市场牛市,要赚钱的公司就要有点警惕,反而直接依赖于消费者消费的,可能他要靠得住一点。
和讯网:在越南居高不下高通胀的情况下会不会加速亚洲的通胀,推动中国CPI的上涨 ?
谢国忠:亚洲货币处于弱势,主要原因油价上升之后,外贸逆差增大,引起他货币要贬值的可能性。一贬值引起的通胀更多,所以这确实是通胀问题在呈现加剧的状态。
谢国忠:特别是每次石油涨十几块他都会停一停,看一看政治上有什么反映?看看需求是不是下降了?如果需求没有下降他又会来一轮推,所以我们在政策上没有根本的调整下,通胀还是影响不大。
和讯网:目前对输入型的通胀您怎么看?
谢国忠:我们全球化当中有一个问题,通胀很多跟世界是联动的,一个国家采取行动支持通胀,结果坏处始终留给自己,好处跟别人分享了。这个矛盾引起全世界国家都不太愿意处理通胀。他觉得不合算。这样一来引起全世界通胀。
谢国忠:所以我们这次如果通胀,全世界和央行要有一点合作,才能把通胀有效的控制住。如果大家都想让别人控制通胀,我觉得这样很危险,会导致以后全世界通胀处于高位.
谢国忠:欧洲的央行可能要加息,美国的央行通胀是一个大问题,现在谈通胀比较多,引起美金也有一个比较大的分摊,暂时抑制油价的上升,我们不知道央行的行长是说说,还是有行动?
谢国忠:如果他老是说没有行动,就变成纸老虎,那就是又一轮的油价上升,又一轮的通胀来了。所以我觉得接下来的问题,世界央行还没有下决心我们治通胀,其他的问题先不管。
谢国忠:我们现在还没有到这一步,现在老是谈这件事情、谈那件事情,论辩谈一下通胀,可通胀是央行最重要的任务,现在央行通胀重视度不是很高,通胀问题是20年来的大问题,央行有多元化的现象。
谢国忠:所以到了今天我们通胀回来的时候,还是有这种惯性——目标多元化,就是通胀的恶化,通胀的恶化在今年一年以来可能不可避免,光说不管的做法不管用了,全世界央行会一起加息,我觉得明年下半年有可能出现。
和讯网:中国今年您预计他会加几次息?怎么加息?
谢国忠:中国奥运时会加息,中国负利率情况很严重。万一出现储蓄者把银行里的钱拿出去买东西囤积,波动就会大了。而且人民币的升值渐渐要消失了,我从来没有相信过这件事。
谢国忠:如果加息,股市、楼市稳定之后反而会阻止热钱进来。你想老百姓存款、家庭储蓄存款18万亿、19万亿,全国储蓄存款32万亿,现在我们的负利率四个百分点,一年储蓄者送给借钱人的钱是1万多亿,他们这种企业一共挣多少钱。
谢国忠:所以我觉得这不光是一个不稳定的政策,也是一个不公平的政策。凭什么自己辛辛苦苦挣来的钱补贴另外一个人,这些人就不应该活下去。现在不光是四个百分点,贷款的利率可以上调,现在已经上调利率已经很高了。
谢国忠:所以这种情况真是莫名其妙,为什么不把银行顺差缩小到国际水平,降两个百分点就够了。所以我们现在加息的话,就不用加贷款的利息,加存款的利息就够了。
和讯网:我看到我们的网友也提出来一个观点,中国拿4.18%的存款利率压制8.3%的通胀膨胀率。
谢国忠:4个百分点的负利率已经很大了,那是不稳定的因素,但是不稳定因素是靠物价管制。所以不要担心,物价管制就会形成命令。
和讯网:如果大幅加息的确可以压制通货膨胀会马上击破房地产泡沫,造成银行破产、大规模企业倒闭,如果不加息,如何能走出这个怪圈?
谢国忠:如果继续维持这个政策,真的问题很大。中国银行这几年挣了很多钱,而且做了很多工作。
谢国忠:中国不会出现98年的情况,银行的坏账率达到40%,10%几可能有,但是不至于破产,主要还是银监会07年经济周期刚起来的时候,他就警惕过热,一直抓的比较紧,所以银行的贷存比为什么那么低?这是跟管银行的政策有关。
谢国忠:我们可能能够躲过这一劫,大银行危机不会有危机。中小型企业靠负债维持,他可能就会有一定影响。
谢国忠:我们服务行业还是很好的,现在我们出现的压力是工资要上调,我觉得工资上调也不是一件坏事情,中国第一批劳动力市场基本达到平,不是供大于求。
和讯网:上调多少比较合适?
谢国忠:中国男女工资从90年代中有十年没怎么调整,经济翻两倍,所以我觉得中国基层工资上调20%是应该的吧。
谢国忠:中国的工资涨有点补涨,一般是8%的通胀,过去经济发展过程当中,劳动分享的好处没有那么多,很多钱跑到政府那里去了,所以这也是要调整的。
谢国忠: 我觉得今年基本工资,一般人调20%以上是应该的,我觉得这个是市场的压力,要推的也是这样。因为现在很多工厂里出现劳工短缺,其实就是价格没有到位。价格到位了人就都来了,所以这说明我们工资是有问题的。
和讯网:您刚才谈到涨工资,我是举双手支持,现在越南也存在这种情况,很多产业工人受不了高通胀,他也要求加工资,这对在越南投资的中资企业是不是也会造成不利的影响?您能不能给他们一些建议?让他们如何面对可能爆发的金融危机?
谢国忠:中国最近这两三年有不少企业跑到越南去,因为中国的成本比较高,现在这种情况下,我觉得也是因为大家去的人太多,引起过热。
谢国忠:我觉得越南的成本来说,对工厂这个危机还是有一定的好处。像中国92年、93年的情况还是有一定的好处。不用太担心,但是问题在于他一定会出现比较大的信贷紧缩,一定是比较高。
谢国忠:所以你自己的资金够,在越南现在的情况不会太严重,这是对出口型的企业。对内销的企业,特别买一些投资产品,盈利最近两三年会出现很大的困难,跟中国92年、93年很类似,有一个很大的调整。如果卖钢铁水泥在越南,这是比较困难的一件事。
和讯网:您对我们中国通过越南的危机,您对中国股市的投资者有没有一些比较好的建议?
谢国忠:我觉得投股市最重要是自己要懂这个公司,你对这个公司不懂,投股票一个是对公司有前途,第二个它的价位不是太高。
谢国忠:中国谈价位往往是股票是一块钱还是两块钱,股票是没有绝对价格的,只有相对价格的。你对这家公司的判断是五年盈利多少?有一个倍数,你做一个判断,我觉得这是投资的核心事情。
谢国忠:如果看短期的波动,你不是价值投资者,价值投资者对公司盈利、研究报告、今年盈利多少、明年盈利多少,五年盈利加起来跟你资产的股价加起来是不是合适?这是我们投资者第一要重视的事情。
谢国忠:如果你光看波动,股市有上、有下,我在低的时候进去,高的时候出来,这是一个梦,没有人能做到,所以技术判断是没有完美的,而且根本不能跟券商里的交易人竞争。
谢国忠:因为他能看到交易量朝哪里走?所以为什么华尔街有交易员,他有一定的优势,他看到的信息是领先于你的。
和讯网:通过越南目前遭遇的这些问题,因为中国这种开放,包括这种改革,其实跟越南是非常相似的。
谢国忠:次后于中国。
和讯网:越南遭遇的危机对中国有没有警示呢?
谢国忠:政策有前瞻性,在信贷增长很快的时候,没有通胀,你说没有问题。它是滞后的,通胀来了之后,我们想办法把通胀压下去,搞通胀控制,那也不行,通胀是由很多年积累的,到来的时候,你说我不让他来,那是不可能的事情。
谢国忠:你得把政策进行调整,比如洪水来的时候你怎么办?你得让坝挡住,决堤的时候是不堪设想的,所以最好不要有坝,天天流动,这样就不会出现大波动。所以政策的变动,我们必须得把因果因素搞明白。
谢国忠:第二点,他没有前瞻性,他就通过片面的一件事情解释,他从一点来解释一个面,像这种情况也是很严重的。
和讯网:今天非常感谢谢老师的精彩观点,由于时间关系我们的访谈到此结束。谢谢网友参与,谢谢谢老师。祝大家端午节快乐!
谢国忠:中国陷入熊市已半年 3年后将迎新牛市
2008年6月2日到6月17日,央行提高存款准备金率、国际油价大涨、外围股市大跌、越南金融危机等市场利空因素不断传出,中国股市首次出现“十连阴”,沪指跌破2800点。凤凰卫视《经济制高点》6月22日播出节目《中国股市暴跌之因》,针对股民目前的心态和当下股市的走向,该节目的主持人曾子墨采访了在股市中坚持“泡沫论”的著名独立经济学家谢国忠。
短期之内股市不易见底
子墨:内地的A股市场在过去两个星期,连续大幅下挫,现在已经跌破了2800点,很多投资者都在关心,什么时候会见底?
谢国忠:我觉得中国的股市已经进入了熊市,这不是一个简单的熊市,这是一个泡沫崩溃引起的一个熊市,所以这个股市短期之内,要有很好的一个支撑是不容易的。
子墨:2750点市盈率市净率大概处在什么水平?
谢国忠:中国的市净率,不是很准,但是大概还是3倍左右吧,但有的说法是3.5倍以上,现在全世界市净率的是2.2倍,中国现在按照过去的盈利来算,应该是17、18倍,全世界的股市的市盈率差不多15倍。
子墨:那从去年6100点的最高位到现在2500点,从什么时候开始A股就已经进入了熊市了?
谢国忠:中国其实去年12月份就进入熊市了,已经有5个多月的时间了,一般的熊市维持的时间差不多是两年左右吧,所以我们的熊市还是有一段路要走的。
熊市短期改变史上未见
子墨:过去的这5个月当中,我们也看到有两次比较小幅的反弹,曾经到过4000点。
谢国忠:这是市场的调整,它不是说一条直线的,还是有回升的可能的,但是这种可能是不能持续的,因为熊市的出现是有很多因素的,特别是在一个泡沫崩溃以后,要短期内改变一个熊市的局面几乎不可能,历史上从来没出现过。中国的股民现在很痛苦,就是觉得股市这样暴跌,是完全出乎他们的预料,老是期望股市很快就有转机,这种想法其实是不理性的。今天的暴跌是一个还原的过程。既然是一个还原的过程,那要股市重新回到过去的高位,几乎是不可能的。子墨:2006年、2007年的泡沫最主要的原因是什么,政府的政策在这里面起到什么作用?
谢国忠:中国在外贸上很成功,所以有大量的外贸顺差,所以从资金面上来说,是存在着泡沫的一个条件。但是具体形成泡沫,还是有很多其他的因素的。很重要的因素,就是这轮炒股票主力军,是90年代工作的一代人,他们也是从来没见过熊市,没有吃过亏的一代人,(他们)可能是看金庸的小说长大的,而这种浪漫化的思维方式,对他们的投资行为起了一个非常重要的作用。另外一点就是政府比较犹豫。
三年后或是新牛市起点
子墨:您估计这个谷底会在什么水平?
谢国忠:我觉得中国的这次谷底的价位,很可能跟其他新兴市场的股市见底的时候(一样),也就是在15倍以下。这种价位,在中国出现的可能性还是比较大的。子墨:如果说市盈率在15倍,市净率在1.5倍到2倍,那么折合成上证综指大概是什么样的比例?
谢国忠:(按)过去市盈率(来计算),现在(市盈率)大概是17、18倍的,市净率3倍左右,所以我们市场离见底,可能还是有一定的空间的。
子墨:大概还有几百点的空间?
谢国忠:对,这次从4000多点降到2000多点,这个最困难最痛苦的时候可能是过去了,但并不意味着中国的股市很快就会回来,因为消化流通股是要很长时间的。另外中国的宏观面调整,新的一轮经济周期的起飞,也是要有时间的,很可能是在2010年,2010年下半年,甚至到2011年上半年,才有可能是中国新一个牛市的起点。
证监会官员不能建公司
子墨:回去再看政府的政策,无论是去年上调印花税,还是今年下降印花税,很明显这些政策信号并不是特别地成功。
谢国忠:是。
子墨:这样的政策信号不成功,会给市场,会给投资者带来什么影响?
谢国忠:中国的股市国家干预很大,但是这种政策有时候效果还是有限的,所以我觉得中国的政府应该要换这个政策,(否则)出大事是早晚的事。这次事情已经出得够大了,因为这次卷入的人是史无前例的。过去几个股市的泡沫,卷入的人还是比较少的,这次人数非常非常多,应该是有很深的政治意义。
子墨:那通过这次的大涨大跌,您认为政府已经意识到问题的严重性了吗?意识到政策改变的必要性了吗?
谢国忠:我觉得中国政府现在还是比较听从广大官员或者是社会上一些人的意见的。我觉得中国在年底之前出一些比较有利的政策,来鼓励股市的长期发展的可能性还是比较大的。
谢国忠:最重要就是一个监管机构跟市场的关系。从审批制走向登记制,这是走向市场的第一重要的一步。审批制,就等于是当官的说了算,这个是非常危险的一件事情。证监会不能建公司,证监会的官员不能建公司,一定要通过中介或者是通过司法机关,才能建公司。只要证监会跟股市的关系不变,中国的股市永远发展不好。
熊市里概念股票最不好
子墨:那回过头去看,去年、前年市场大涨,今年大跌,您认为证监会是直接负有责任的吗?
谢国忠:去年这个泡沫出现有很多因素,但是政治上面是有一定的因素的。中国现在老百姓只有一个目标,就要发财。全民发财是不可能的,这跟经济学是背道而驰的,这是泡沫最根本的原因,而且这个力量在以后的10年、20年里都不会消失。政府(要)跟市场划清界限,我是监管机构,你爱怎么干就怎么干,你赚了钱是你的事,亏了钱也是你的事。
子墨:现在我们有看到这样的迹象吗,政府的调控政策,可能会发生转变?
谢国忠:我觉得在奥运之前,政府的想法很可能还是以稳定为主,最好不要大动,还是维持现状,过了奥运再说。
子墨:如果2010年中国能够进入下一轮的牛市,那么这个下一轮的牛市和过去的这一轮牛市相比,会有什么不同?
谢国忠:对,下一个牛市就不会出现像过去这样一年涨一倍了。下一轮牛市,增长也比较慢一点,所以对市场的好处,就会延续得比较长一点,这是一个很重要的区别。可能要到2015年,2016年以后的时候,才会出现像我们看到的去年这样的情况。
子墨:那对于今天的投资者来说,他们是应该持有现金,还是说觉得股市马上要见底了,我可以进入股市,或者去购买其他的资产,比如说进入楼市等等?
谢国忠:在这种情况下大家应该做一个调整,就是说不要持有概念股票,在熊市里面,概念股票是最不好的,还是重组(的股票)比较好。从今年的下半年到明年的年中,如果能进,就开始要考虑进了。但这次进股票,千万不要听信别人。对一个公司以后四五年的盈利,有一个(简单的)判断,你以后5年里的盈利加起来是几块钱,然后跟这个股票相比,如果盈利和今天的价格差不多,这种股票很可能是值得买的;但如果离今年股票的价格,好像相差很远,那就不要买。决定买了什么股票之后,然后就不用去看它,除非这个公司出来一个消息,就是这个公司的基本面有问题了,比如说管理层有什么大的变动,或者行业、前景有什么大的变动,那么再去动(股票)。
谢国忠
1960年出生于上海,1983年毕业于上海同济大学路桥系,1987年获麻省理工学院土木工程学硕士,1990年获麻省理工学院经济学博士。1997年加入摩根士丹利,任亚太区经济学家。《机构投资者》杂志在2000-2006年选谢国忠为亚洲最佳经济学家。现为独立经济学家和金融投资顾问,并领导一家股权投资俱乐部。
“忠”告
熊市里不要持有概念股票,在熊市里面,概念股票是最不好的,还是重组(的股票)比较好。从今年的下半年到明年的年中,如果能进,就开始要考虑进了。
谈熊市
“中国的股市已经进入了熊市,股市短期之内,要有很好的一个支撑是不容易的。”
谈泡沫
“这轮炒股票主力军,可能是看金庸的小说长大的,而这种浪漫化的思维方式,对他们的投资行为起了一个非常重要的作用。”
谈调控
“奥运之前,政府的想法很可能还是以稳定为主,最好不要大动,还是维持现状,过了奥运再说。”
短期之内股市不易见底
子墨:内地的A股市场在过去两个星期,连续大幅下挫,现在已经跌破了2800点,很多投资者都在关心,什么时候会见底?
谢国忠:我觉得中国的股市已经进入了熊市,这不是一个简单的熊市,这是一个泡沫崩溃引起的一个熊市,所以这个股市短期之内,要有很好的一个支撑是不容易的。
子墨:2750点市盈率市净率大概处在什么水平?
谢国忠:中国的市净率,不是很准,但是大概还是3倍左右吧,但有的说法是3.5倍以上,现在全世界市净率的是2.2倍,中国现在按照过去的盈利来算,应该是17、18倍,全世界的股市的市盈率差不多15倍。
子墨:那从去年6100点的最高位到现在2500点,从什么时候开始A股就已经进入了熊市了?
谢国忠:中国其实去年12月份就进入熊市了,已经有5个多月的时间了,一般的熊市维持的时间差不多是两年左右吧,所以我们的熊市还是有一段路要走的。
熊市短期改变史上未见
子墨:过去的这5个月当中,我们也看到有两次比较小幅的反弹,曾经到过4000点。
谢国忠:这是市场的调整,它不是说一条直线的,还是有回升的可能的,但是这种可能是不能持续的,因为熊市的出现是有很多因素的,特别是在一个泡沫崩溃以后,要短期内改变一个熊市的局面几乎不可能,历史上从来没出现过。中国的股民现在很痛苦,就是觉得股市这样暴跌,是完全出乎他们的预料,老是期望股市很快就有转机,这种想法其实是不理性的。今天的暴跌是一个还原的过程。既然是一个还原的过程,那要股市重新回到过去的高位,几乎是不可能的。子墨:2006年、2007年的泡沫最主要的原因是什么,政府的政策在这里面起到什么作用?
谢国忠:中国在外贸上很成功,所以有大量的外贸顺差,所以从资金面上来说,是存在着泡沫的一个条件。但是具体形成泡沫,还是有很多其他的因素的。很重要的因素,就是这轮炒股票主力军,是90年代工作的一代人,他们也是从来没见过熊市,没有吃过亏的一代人,(他们)可能是看金庸的小说长大的,而这种浪漫化的思维方式,对他们的投资行为起了一个非常重要的作用。另外一点就是政府比较犹豫。
三年后或是新牛市起点
子墨:您估计这个谷底会在什么水平?
谢国忠:我觉得中国的这次谷底的价位,很可能跟其他新兴市场的股市见底的时候(一样),也就是在15倍以下。这种价位,在中国出现的可能性还是比较大的。子墨:如果说市盈率在15倍,市净率在1.5倍到2倍,那么折合成上证综指大概是什么样的比例?
谢国忠:(按)过去市盈率(来计算),现在(市盈率)大概是17、18倍的,市净率3倍左右,所以我们市场离见底,可能还是有一定的空间的。
子墨:大概还有几百点的空间?
谢国忠:对,这次从4000多点降到2000多点,这个最困难最痛苦的时候可能是过去了,但并不意味着中国的股市很快就会回来,因为消化流通股是要很长时间的。另外中国的宏观面调整,新的一轮经济周期的起飞,也是要有时间的,很可能是在2010年,2010年下半年,甚至到2011年上半年,才有可能是中国新一个牛市的起点。
证监会官员不能建公司
子墨:回去再看政府的政策,无论是去年上调印花税,还是今年下降印花税,很明显这些政策信号并不是特别地成功。
谢国忠:是。
子墨:这样的政策信号不成功,会给市场,会给投资者带来什么影响?
谢国忠:中国的股市国家干预很大,但是这种政策有时候效果还是有限的,所以我觉得中国的政府应该要换这个政策,(否则)出大事是早晚的事。这次事情已经出得够大了,因为这次卷入的人是史无前例的。过去几个股市的泡沫,卷入的人还是比较少的,这次人数非常非常多,应该是有很深的政治意义。
子墨:那通过这次的大涨大跌,您认为政府已经意识到问题的严重性了吗?意识到政策改变的必要性了吗?
谢国忠:我觉得中国政府现在还是比较听从广大官员或者是社会上一些人的意见的。我觉得中国在年底之前出一些比较有利的政策,来鼓励股市的长期发展的可能性还是比较大的。
谢国忠:最重要就是一个监管机构跟市场的关系。从审批制走向登记制,这是走向市场的第一重要的一步。审批制,就等于是当官的说了算,这个是非常危险的一件事情。证监会不能建公司,证监会的官员不能建公司,一定要通过中介或者是通过司法机关,才能建公司。只要证监会跟股市的关系不变,中国的股市永远发展不好。
熊市里概念股票最不好
子墨:那回过头去看,去年、前年市场大涨,今年大跌,您认为证监会是直接负有责任的吗?
谢国忠:去年这个泡沫出现有很多因素,但是政治上面是有一定的因素的。中国现在老百姓只有一个目标,就要发财。全民发财是不可能的,这跟经济学是背道而驰的,这是泡沫最根本的原因,而且这个力量在以后的10年、20年里都不会消失。政府(要)跟市场划清界限,我是监管机构,你爱怎么干就怎么干,你赚了钱是你的事,亏了钱也是你的事。
子墨:现在我们有看到这样的迹象吗,政府的调控政策,可能会发生转变?
谢国忠:我觉得在奥运之前,政府的想法很可能还是以稳定为主,最好不要大动,还是维持现状,过了奥运再说。
子墨:如果2010年中国能够进入下一轮的牛市,那么这个下一轮的牛市和过去的这一轮牛市相比,会有什么不同?
谢国忠:对,下一个牛市就不会出现像过去这样一年涨一倍了。下一轮牛市,增长也比较慢一点,所以对市场的好处,就会延续得比较长一点,这是一个很重要的区别。可能要到2015年,2016年以后的时候,才会出现像我们看到的去年这样的情况。
子墨:那对于今天的投资者来说,他们是应该持有现金,还是说觉得股市马上要见底了,我可以进入股市,或者去购买其他的资产,比如说进入楼市等等?
谢国忠:在这种情况下大家应该做一个调整,就是说不要持有概念股票,在熊市里面,概念股票是最不好的,还是重组(的股票)比较好。从今年的下半年到明年的年中,如果能进,就开始要考虑进了。但这次进股票,千万不要听信别人。对一个公司以后四五年的盈利,有一个(简单的)判断,你以后5年里的盈利加起来是几块钱,然后跟这个股票相比,如果盈利和今天的价格差不多,这种股票很可能是值得买的;但如果离今年股票的价格,好像相差很远,那就不要买。决定买了什么股票之后,然后就不用去看它,除非这个公司出来一个消息,就是这个公司的基本面有问题了,比如说管理层有什么大的变动,或者行业、前景有什么大的变动,那么再去动(股票)。
谢国忠
1960年出生于上海,1983年毕业于上海同济大学路桥系,1987年获麻省理工学院土木工程学硕士,1990年获麻省理工学院经济学博士。1997年加入摩根士丹利,任亚太区经济学家。《机构投资者》杂志在2000-2006年选谢国忠为亚洲最佳经济学家。现为独立经济学家和金融投资顾问,并领导一家股权投资俱乐部。
“忠”告
熊市里不要持有概念股票,在熊市里面,概念股票是最不好的,还是重组(的股票)比较好。从今年的下半年到明年的年中,如果能进,就开始要考虑进了。
谈熊市
“中国的股市已经进入了熊市,股市短期之内,要有很好的一个支撑是不容易的。”
谈泡沫
“这轮炒股票主力军,可能是看金庸的小说长大的,而这种浪漫化的思维方式,对他们的投资行为起了一个非常重要的作用。”
谈调控
“奥运之前,政府的想法很可能还是以稳定为主,最好不要大动,还是维持现状,过了奥运再说。”
谢国忠亲谈辞职内幕 - 直言新加坡为印尼,中国洗黑钱
令谢国忠不得不辞职的是他涉嫌诽谤新加坡为印尼及中国洗黑钱:“新加坡一直标榜全球化的成功故事,事实上,新加坡的成功主要来自为印度尼西亚贪官及商人洗黑钱,现时印度尼西亚已经无黑钱可洗,所以新加坡正在盖赌场,以便吸引他国的贪污资金。”
“这个电邮是给内部同事看的,目的是给他们提供一些观点及启发,我从来没有想过会流出外面;不过现在回头看来,我确实写得太匆忙,用词不够小心,可以说是有点傲慢。”10月9日,已经离任摩根士丹利董事总经理、亚洲策略分析师的谢国忠,接受本报电话访问时说。
谢国忠加入了摩根士丹利9年,与高盛证券董事总经理胡祖六齐名,同为在中国最受注目的“明星分析员”,近年胡祖六改为负责销售,更令谢国忠长期独踞分析员人气榜首。
然而一个内部电邮外泄,便令谢国忠黯然离职。事缘谢国忠出席在新加坡举行的国际货币组织(IMF)及世界银行年会后,随即在9月18日向摩根士丹利内部人员发出了一个题为《对IMF/世界银行年会的一些观察》的内部电邮。
电邮只有短短9段,但内容甚具爆炸性。谢国忠质疑这个重要会议为何在新加坡举行:“我不知道这个会议为什么要在新加坡举行?沒有人能告诉我,有人说因为新加坡的推广做得比较好,有人说根本没有人愿意承办这个会议。这是一个奇怪的选择。相对而言,在中国上海或印度孟买更为适合,我们会有更热门的题目可以讨论。东盟已是个失败,过去10年东盟的GDP以美元计算毫无增长,新加坡的人均GDP停留在2.5万美元,与此同时,中国的GDP已经是原来的3倍。”谢国忠加盟摩根士丹利前,曾在世界银行任职5年,重点研究印度尼西亚经济,故他的观点其实颇有参考价值。
邮件另一敏感内容,是谢以戏谑语气谈论了出席晚宴上的新加坡总理李显龙,这正是犯了大忌。
令谢国忠不得不辞职的是他涉嫌诽谤新加坡为印尼及中国洗黑钱:“新加坡一直标榜全球化的成功故事,事实上,新加坡的成功主要来自为印度尼西亚贪官及商人洗黑钱,现时印度尼西亚已经无黑钱可洗,所以新加坡正在盖赌场,以便吸引他国的贪污资金。”
电邮发表后,摩根士丹利内部有人将之流到外面,由于内容太具爆炸性,谢国忠的名气又大,故电邮迅速在投资银行界及基金界流传,很快便被新加坡当局看到,向摩根士丹利表示强烈抗议。
摩根士丹利发言人证实,谢国忠已于9月29日基于“个人理由”辞职,并实时生效。摩根士丹利消息人士对本报说:“他的辞职当然是因为这封电邮,你看过便知道当中的诽谤成分,这并非摩根士丹利的观点,我们一直支持新加坡以及认同新加坡过往的成就。”
摩根士丹利在新加坡投行排名中近年来一直居前。据统计,过去2年,摩根士丹利在为企业并购提供咨询方面排在首位。谢国忠与全球经济学家罗奇一直是摩根士丹利的“王牌”,但这次谢国忠严重得罪了这个超级大客户,摩根士丹利也不得不壮士断臂。
“这个电邮是给内部同事看的,目的是给他们提供一些观点及启发,我从来没有想过会流出外面;不过现在回头看来,我确实写得太匆忙,用词不够小心,可以说是有点傲慢。”10月9日,已经离任摩根士丹利董事总经理、亚洲策略分析师的谢国忠,接受本报电话访问时说。
谢国忠加入了摩根士丹利9年,与高盛证券董事总经理胡祖六齐名,同为在中国最受注目的“明星分析员”,近年胡祖六改为负责销售,更令谢国忠长期独踞分析员人气榜首。
然而一个内部电邮外泄,便令谢国忠黯然离职。事缘谢国忠出席在新加坡举行的国际货币组织(IMF)及世界银行年会后,随即在9月18日向摩根士丹利内部人员发出了一个题为《对IMF/世界银行年会的一些观察》的内部电邮。
电邮只有短短9段,但内容甚具爆炸性。谢国忠质疑这个重要会议为何在新加坡举行:“我不知道这个会议为什么要在新加坡举行?沒有人能告诉我,有人说因为新加坡的推广做得比较好,有人说根本没有人愿意承办这个会议。这是一个奇怪的选择。相对而言,在中国上海或印度孟买更为适合,我们会有更热门的题目可以讨论。东盟已是个失败,过去10年东盟的GDP以美元计算毫无增长,新加坡的人均GDP停留在2.5万美元,与此同时,中国的GDP已经是原来的3倍。”谢国忠加盟摩根士丹利前,曾在世界银行任职5年,重点研究印度尼西亚经济,故他的观点其实颇有参考价值。
邮件另一敏感内容,是谢以戏谑语气谈论了出席晚宴上的新加坡总理李显龙,这正是犯了大忌。
令谢国忠不得不辞职的是他涉嫌诽谤新加坡为印尼及中国洗黑钱:“新加坡一直标榜全球化的成功故事,事实上,新加坡的成功主要来自为印度尼西亚贪官及商人洗黑钱,现时印度尼西亚已经无黑钱可洗,所以新加坡正在盖赌场,以便吸引他国的贪污资金。”
电邮发表后,摩根士丹利内部有人将之流到外面,由于内容太具爆炸性,谢国忠的名气又大,故电邮迅速在投资银行界及基金界流传,很快便被新加坡当局看到,向摩根士丹利表示强烈抗议。
摩根士丹利发言人证实,谢国忠已于9月29日基于“个人理由”辞职,并实时生效。摩根士丹利消息人士对本报说:“他的辞职当然是因为这封电邮,你看过便知道当中的诽谤成分,这并非摩根士丹利的观点,我们一直支持新加坡以及认同新加坡过往的成就。”
摩根士丹利在新加坡投行排名中近年来一直居前。据统计,过去2年,摩根士丹利在为企业并购提供咨询方面排在首位。谢国忠与全球经济学家罗奇一直是摩根士丹利的“王牌”,但这次谢国忠严重得罪了这个超级大客户,摩根士丹利也不得不壮士断臂。
谢国忠:现在是泡沫崩溃引起的熊市
谢国忠认为,一般熊市的定义是股市下降20%还没有回升迹象,所以他判断中国已经进入熊市。“其实去年12月份就进入熊市了,已经有5个多月的时间了,一般的熊市维持的时间差不多是两年左右吧,所以我们的熊市还是有一段路要走的。特别是在一个泡沫崩溃以后,要短期内改变一个熊市的局面几乎是不可能,历史上从来没出现过。”
在股市中坚持“泡沫论”的唱空派谢国忠日前接受凤凰卫视《经济制高点》的采访时再次重申自己的观点:这不是个简单的熊市,这是一个泡沫崩溃引起的熊市,所以这个股市短期之内要有很好的一个支撑是不容易的。
“熊市早已进入,还有一段路要走”
谢国忠认为,一般熊市的定义是股市下降20%还没有回升迹象,所以他判断中国已经进入熊市。“其实去年12月份就进入熊市了,已经有5个多月的时间了,一般的熊市维持的时间差不多是两年左右吧,所以我们的熊市还是有一段路要走的。特别是在一个泡沫崩溃以后,要短期内改变一个熊市的局面几乎是不可能,历史上从来没出现过。”
“不能期望股市很快有转机”
“中国的股民现在是很痛苦,就是你觉得股市这样暴跌,是完全出乎他们的预料,老是期望股市很快就有转机,这种想法其实是不理性的。”
谢国忠认为,今天的暴跌是由此前的暴涨引起的,而暴涨是一个泡沫,并不是基本面来支持的,所以股市重新回到过去这样高位,几乎是不可能的。
“年轻股民是看金庸小说长大的,过于浪漫”
而在分析此次中国市场泡沫的成因时,他认为资金面、大众心态,和政策上一种犹豫,共同导致了市场的泡沫。
“很重要的因素,就是这轮炒股票主力军,是90年代工作的这一代人, 他们也从来没见过熊市,没有吃过亏。这一代人,可能是看金庸的小说长大的,而这种思维方式,就是说浪漫化这种思维方式,对他们的投资行为又起了一个非常重要的一个作用。”
“下一个牛市起点可能要等到2010年”
对于中国股市未来的展望,谢国忠认为,这次从4000多点降到2000多点,最困难最痛苦的时候可能是过去了,但并不意味着中国的股市很快就会回来,因为消化流通股是要有很长时间的。另外中国宏观面调整,新的一轮经济周期的起飞,也是要有时间的、“很可能是在2010年,2010年下半年,甚至到2011年上半年,才有可能是中国新一个牛市的起点。”
不过,谢国忠认为下一个牛市不会出现像2006年那样一年涨一倍的情况。“下一轮牛市,增长也比较慢一点,这对市场有好处,会让牛市延续得比较长一点。这种市场,就是卷入,也不会像过去那么疯狂,你不容易出现一个全民都在谈这个股市。”
在股市中坚持“泡沫论”的唱空派谢国忠日前接受凤凰卫视《经济制高点》的采访时再次重申自己的观点:这不是个简单的熊市,这是一个泡沫崩溃引起的熊市,所以这个股市短期之内要有很好的一个支撑是不容易的。
“熊市早已进入,还有一段路要走”
谢国忠认为,一般熊市的定义是股市下降20%还没有回升迹象,所以他判断中国已经进入熊市。“其实去年12月份就进入熊市了,已经有5个多月的时间了,一般的熊市维持的时间差不多是两年左右吧,所以我们的熊市还是有一段路要走的。特别是在一个泡沫崩溃以后,要短期内改变一个熊市的局面几乎是不可能,历史上从来没出现过。”
“不能期望股市很快有转机”
“中国的股民现在是很痛苦,就是你觉得股市这样暴跌,是完全出乎他们的预料,老是期望股市很快就有转机,这种想法其实是不理性的。”
谢国忠认为,今天的暴跌是由此前的暴涨引起的,而暴涨是一个泡沫,并不是基本面来支持的,所以股市重新回到过去这样高位,几乎是不可能的。
“年轻股民是看金庸小说长大的,过于浪漫”
而在分析此次中国市场泡沫的成因时,他认为资金面、大众心态,和政策上一种犹豫,共同导致了市场的泡沫。
“很重要的因素,就是这轮炒股票主力军,是90年代工作的这一代人, 他们也从来没见过熊市,没有吃过亏。这一代人,可能是看金庸的小说长大的,而这种思维方式,就是说浪漫化这种思维方式,对他们的投资行为又起了一个非常重要的一个作用。”
“下一个牛市起点可能要等到2010年”
对于中国股市未来的展望,谢国忠认为,这次从4000多点降到2000多点,最困难最痛苦的时候可能是过去了,但并不意味着中国的股市很快就会回来,因为消化流通股是要有很长时间的。另外中国宏观面调整,新的一轮经济周期的起飞,也是要有时间的、“很可能是在2010年,2010年下半年,甚至到2011年上半年,才有可能是中国新一个牛市的起点。”
不过,谢国忠认为下一个牛市不会出现像2006年那样一年涨一倍的情况。“下一轮牛市,增长也比较慢一点,这对市场有好处,会让牛市延续得比较长一点。这种市场,就是卷入,也不会像过去那么疯狂,你不容易出现一个全民都在谈这个股市。”
谢国忠“解套”大摩 年初三预言震惊世界
无可奈何
如同所有的预言者其实无法预言自身一样,被《华尔街日报》形容为“三年早知道”的谢国忠没能预知自己的变局。从9月18日“邮件门”到摩根士丹利亚太区发言人确认9月29日是谢“在公司的最后一个工作日”,今年年中接受采访时还笑称“摩根士丹利的股票把我套住了”的谢国忠,在距离年终奖发放只有两个月时,被迫因为“个人原因”,仓促转身。
无平不陂
中国的房地产商近几年来就一直在领受谢国忠的这种“傲慢”并因此头痛不已,“我不喜欢谢先生像上帝一样的表达方式。”房地产大腕潘石屹愤愤地说。2004年5月,谢国忠首次预警“中国房地产泡沫”。到了10月,他更加坚决地表示“上海的房地产泡沫可能还会持续几个月,不会超过一年”,并卖掉自家在上海的房产以明心志。由于人们将其与摩根士丹利地产基金MSREF的投资行为联系起来,他的疾呼被赋予了“做多唱空”的阴谋色彩,经济学家厉以宁断言:国外经济学家宣扬中国房地产价格充满泡沫或市场即将崩溃是别有用心,其中潜藏着巨大的阴谋。谢国忠由此被疑为“跨国资本利益代言人”、“黄雀阴谋”,也有人说他是“孤独的预言者。”
尽管谢国忠说房地产是一个在他的预言生涯中被否定次数最多的领域,尽管2005年上海房价一再上涨以至一位好友埋怨谢国忠因听信他的预言提前卖掉房产少赚了20%,尽管有人撰文嘲笑“谢国忠一思考,上海人就发笑”,但房地产商们仍然忐忑着“谢国忠们的预言是否会成真”。他们能够表达对谢的愤怒,也能够表露对谢的讥讽,却无法表示对谢的忽视,因为他那些数年前被印证一个接一个的傲慢预言。
1997年年初,谢发表报告说腐败已经掏空了印尼的财富,其经济将会崩溃。是年夏天加入大摩后,谢发表的第一篇研究报告是预计中国将会陷入通缩,并将从短缺走向过剩。同年9月,谢断然预言香港房地产要下降50%。在谢国忠令人烦闷地唱淡后市时,其分析的对象无一不欣欣向荣,故所言被视为无稽之谈。他独履薄冰,直到判断被逐一印证。从那时至今,有一点他似乎从未改变,那就是每当反对的声音越坚决,他的观点也就越坚定。好辩的他说很喜欢大家一起争辩时的兴奋劲和新鲜感,那是一种“上战场”的感觉。三个预言的印证奠定了谢国忠的声名,他开始得到基金经理的认可和信任,自2000年起稳坐大摩亚太区首席分析师宝座。2003年,他荣登由世界经济论坛评选的“中国十大未来经济领袖”,同年被国际权威财经杂志《机构投资人》评为亚太区最佳经济学家第一名。这使得他与公司全球首席经济学家史蒂芬·罗奇一道,被视为“大摩夺取话语权的‘王牌武器’”。
罗奇还说,“我所了解的关于中国的一切都是谢国忠教我的。”颇负盛名的香港惠理基金管理公司CEO谢清海也表示:“谢国忠是连像我这样以投资对象基本面为出发点的投资者也不得不关注的为数不多的几个经济学家之一。”
“不但有经济学家锐利的眼光,还有着工科学生对事理的坚持,过去几年来的预测奇准无比,每次的惊险发言,让投资银行主管们冷汗直流。”《机构投资人》这样评价谢国忠。
从工科转行经济学的谢国忠的确有其独到的优势,尤其是对历史的浓厚兴趣开拓了他的研究视野,像《大英帝国》和《罗马帝国的兴衰史》这样连许多文科生都没有读过的书,谢国忠读起来却是津津有味。这使得他的研究思路常常纵横辟阖,论述旁征博引,被人归为喜欢想“大问题”的“大师”一类,以至于给人以“不像上海人”的印象。
1960年出生于上海的谢国忠1983年毕业于同济大学路桥系。其后赴美留学,于1987年、1990年取得麻省理工学院土木工程学硕士和经济学博士学位。毕业后他加入世界银行任经济分析师,参与了涉及拉美、南亚及东亚地区的一些项目,并负责处理该银行于印度尼西亚的工商业发展项目。这5年的专题研究使他发现了“亚洲经济有巨大的结构性问题”,并准确预见了亚洲金融危机。除了辩论,谢国忠另一种研究方式是“旅行”:外出实地调研。
《商业周刊》认为,“谢国忠能在洋人经济分析师群里脱颖而出的成功之道在于:用脚看大陆。”谢国忠承认,“在中国做经济分析师,是非常辛苦的!更何况,中国那么大,要走一遍得花很久的时间的。所以啊,我一有空就赶紧到处走走瞧瞧,看看他们在干什么。”从1990年入职世界银行,到1995年加入新加坡麦格理银行,再到两年后转战摩根士丹利,谢国忠曾坦言自己的发展极其平顺,上学期间惟一得到的一个“B”还是因为故意跟老师过不去,在职场转换上也从未遭遇过挫折。然而无平不陂,无料被“摩根士丹利股票”套了9年的他,居然以这样一种陡然的方式“解套”。
吾谁与归
尽管在外人看来,谢国忠的“解套”也许更像是“斩仓出局”,但上帝关上了一扇门,却又开了百扇窗——离职后的谢国忠透露,有近百位来自基金公司、投资银行、大型银行等个人或企业与其接洽,其中各方面比较合适的公司目前约有10家。“目前没有决定到底想做与原来工作性质相同的职业,还是尝试不同的行业。”谢国忠说。
他甚至说也许下一份工作不局限在金融业,考虑的范围会更宽一些。有时一个确定性的消灭,也意味着多种可能性的开启。有什么是不可能的呢?2005年初,当中国证监会主席尚福林屡遭传言“拱座”之时,谢国忠还曾匪夷所思地进入过传言名单,甚至取得了颇高的网民支持率。按照业内惯例,谢国忠离职后有3个月的静默期,不能当即从业,但老东家会照常支付期间薪酬。不过原来的一些计划看来不得不有变了,比如他原拟于10月25日参加中国地产金融年会并发言,现据向主办方征询,谢国忠将不出席。
在离职消息刚刚传出、彭博社越洋连线谢国忠时,他对消息表示了缄默,惟说自己“身在广州,行山路上,小休片刻中,这里很美”。在国庆期间到上海探望了朋友,回广州陪父母过了中秋节后,他开始直面对事件的感受:“我们总要面对一些从来没有出现过的事情……但这是没办法的事,只有从容面对。”今年年初接受香港记者采访时,谢国忠曾撂下3个预言,他说有3个即将“重现”的历史:一是日元兑美元或跌至130水平,二是中国人爱赌,1999年炒股票,现在炒房子,但不久后会“输钱”,三是中央将再有大规模的打击腐败行动。他的预言还会一如既往地灵验吗?而若预言成真,他是否还会像以往那样得意地拍腿大笑,“像个天真的孩子”?
如同所有的预言者其实无法预言自身一样,被《华尔街日报》形容为“三年早知道”的谢国忠没能预知自己的变局。从9月18日“邮件门”到摩根士丹利亚太区发言人确认9月29日是谢“在公司的最后一个工作日”,今年年中接受采访时还笑称“摩根士丹利的股票把我套住了”的谢国忠,在距离年终奖发放只有两个月时,被迫因为“个人原因”,仓促转身。
无平不陂
中国的房地产商近几年来就一直在领受谢国忠的这种“傲慢”并因此头痛不已,“我不喜欢谢先生像上帝一样的表达方式。”房地产大腕潘石屹愤愤地说。2004年5月,谢国忠首次预警“中国房地产泡沫”。到了10月,他更加坚决地表示“上海的房地产泡沫可能还会持续几个月,不会超过一年”,并卖掉自家在上海的房产以明心志。由于人们将其与摩根士丹利地产基金MSREF的投资行为联系起来,他的疾呼被赋予了“做多唱空”的阴谋色彩,经济学家厉以宁断言:国外经济学家宣扬中国房地产价格充满泡沫或市场即将崩溃是别有用心,其中潜藏着巨大的阴谋。谢国忠由此被疑为“跨国资本利益代言人”、“黄雀阴谋”,也有人说他是“孤独的预言者。”
尽管谢国忠说房地产是一个在他的预言生涯中被否定次数最多的领域,尽管2005年上海房价一再上涨以至一位好友埋怨谢国忠因听信他的预言提前卖掉房产少赚了20%,尽管有人撰文嘲笑“谢国忠一思考,上海人就发笑”,但房地产商们仍然忐忑着“谢国忠们的预言是否会成真”。他们能够表达对谢的愤怒,也能够表露对谢的讥讽,却无法表示对谢的忽视,因为他那些数年前被印证一个接一个的傲慢预言。
1997年年初,谢发表报告说腐败已经掏空了印尼的财富,其经济将会崩溃。是年夏天加入大摩后,谢发表的第一篇研究报告是预计中国将会陷入通缩,并将从短缺走向过剩。同年9月,谢断然预言香港房地产要下降50%。在谢国忠令人烦闷地唱淡后市时,其分析的对象无一不欣欣向荣,故所言被视为无稽之谈。他独履薄冰,直到判断被逐一印证。从那时至今,有一点他似乎从未改变,那就是每当反对的声音越坚决,他的观点也就越坚定。好辩的他说很喜欢大家一起争辩时的兴奋劲和新鲜感,那是一种“上战场”的感觉。三个预言的印证奠定了谢国忠的声名,他开始得到基金经理的认可和信任,自2000年起稳坐大摩亚太区首席分析师宝座。2003年,他荣登由世界经济论坛评选的“中国十大未来经济领袖”,同年被国际权威财经杂志《机构投资人》评为亚太区最佳经济学家第一名。这使得他与公司全球首席经济学家史蒂芬·罗奇一道,被视为“大摩夺取话语权的‘王牌武器’”。
罗奇还说,“我所了解的关于中国的一切都是谢国忠教我的。”颇负盛名的香港惠理基金管理公司CEO谢清海也表示:“谢国忠是连像我这样以投资对象基本面为出发点的投资者也不得不关注的为数不多的几个经济学家之一。”
“不但有经济学家锐利的眼光,还有着工科学生对事理的坚持,过去几年来的预测奇准无比,每次的惊险发言,让投资银行主管们冷汗直流。”《机构投资人》这样评价谢国忠。
从工科转行经济学的谢国忠的确有其独到的优势,尤其是对历史的浓厚兴趣开拓了他的研究视野,像《大英帝国》和《罗马帝国的兴衰史》这样连许多文科生都没有读过的书,谢国忠读起来却是津津有味。这使得他的研究思路常常纵横辟阖,论述旁征博引,被人归为喜欢想“大问题”的“大师”一类,以至于给人以“不像上海人”的印象。
1960年出生于上海的谢国忠1983年毕业于同济大学路桥系。其后赴美留学,于1987年、1990年取得麻省理工学院土木工程学硕士和经济学博士学位。毕业后他加入世界银行任经济分析师,参与了涉及拉美、南亚及东亚地区的一些项目,并负责处理该银行于印度尼西亚的工商业发展项目。这5年的专题研究使他发现了“亚洲经济有巨大的结构性问题”,并准确预见了亚洲金融危机。除了辩论,谢国忠另一种研究方式是“旅行”:外出实地调研。
《商业周刊》认为,“谢国忠能在洋人经济分析师群里脱颖而出的成功之道在于:用脚看大陆。”谢国忠承认,“在中国做经济分析师,是非常辛苦的!更何况,中国那么大,要走一遍得花很久的时间的。所以啊,我一有空就赶紧到处走走瞧瞧,看看他们在干什么。”从1990年入职世界银行,到1995年加入新加坡麦格理银行,再到两年后转战摩根士丹利,谢国忠曾坦言自己的发展极其平顺,上学期间惟一得到的一个“B”还是因为故意跟老师过不去,在职场转换上也从未遭遇过挫折。然而无平不陂,无料被“摩根士丹利股票”套了9年的他,居然以这样一种陡然的方式“解套”。
吾谁与归
尽管在外人看来,谢国忠的“解套”也许更像是“斩仓出局”,但上帝关上了一扇门,却又开了百扇窗——离职后的谢国忠透露,有近百位来自基金公司、投资银行、大型银行等个人或企业与其接洽,其中各方面比较合适的公司目前约有10家。“目前没有决定到底想做与原来工作性质相同的职业,还是尝试不同的行业。”谢国忠说。
他甚至说也许下一份工作不局限在金融业,考虑的范围会更宽一些。有时一个确定性的消灭,也意味着多种可能性的开启。有什么是不可能的呢?2005年初,当中国证监会主席尚福林屡遭传言“拱座”之时,谢国忠还曾匪夷所思地进入过传言名单,甚至取得了颇高的网民支持率。按照业内惯例,谢国忠离职后有3个月的静默期,不能当即从业,但老东家会照常支付期间薪酬。不过原来的一些计划看来不得不有变了,比如他原拟于10月25日参加中国地产金融年会并发言,现据向主办方征询,谢国忠将不出席。
在离职消息刚刚传出、彭博社越洋连线谢国忠时,他对消息表示了缄默,惟说自己“身在广州,行山路上,小休片刻中,这里很美”。在国庆期间到上海探望了朋友,回广州陪父母过了中秋节后,他开始直面对事件的感受:“我们总要面对一些从来没有出现过的事情……但这是没办法的事,只有从容面对。”今年年初接受香港记者采访时,谢国忠曾撂下3个预言,他说有3个即将“重现”的历史:一是日元兑美元或跌至130水平,二是中国人爱赌,1999年炒股票,现在炒房子,但不久后会“输钱”,三是中央将再有大规模的打击腐败行动。他的预言还会一如既往地灵验吗?而若预言成真,他是否还会像以往那样得意地拍腿大笑,“像个天真的孩子”?
曾渊沧@股友通讯录 - 6月份
美股终于开始出现恐慌性抛售潮了。去年开始的次级按揭贷款问题在最坏的情况时,道琼斯指数只是跌至12000点就止跌反弹,一度更反弹至13000 点,与历史高位的14000 点比较,下跌幅度不足10%。但是,现在道指已跌至11000 点的边缘,问题已比次级贷款更严重。
引发这一轮的跌势,导火线是油价创历史新高。上周末之前,石油输出国主席说今年夏天油价会升至每桶170 美元,利比亚政府威胁减产石油,于是油价上升至每桶143 美元,道指也就一连两天跌去500 点。
何止石油涨价,粮食也涨价。石油涨价,欧美诸国纷纷立法强制在汽油内加上由玉米提炼出来的乙醇,这又导致玉米涨价。玉米涨价,猪吃的饲料主要成分是玉米,因此饲料也涨价,饲料涨价,猪肉也涨价。
什么东西没涨价?那是股票与房地产,这两样东西炒过了头,不能不跌下来。石油涨价的速度太恐怖了,已经远远超过供给与需求的平衡,而是人为的炒卖,是财技的比赛。那些公开说石油价格会炒上170 美元的人是不是也在炒做石油期货?他们是不是已经预早买了大量的石油期货?现在,石油王子、对冲基金及各式各样的石油炒家大户都在炒石油期货。今日传媒报导的石油的所谓价格,所指的只是期货价格,不论是买家或卖家,他们手上不需要任何石油现货,他们只需要赌一赌自己的眼光,也许再加上影响力,正如石油王子公开说石油会涨至170美元,难道不是为石油价格造势?参与这场游戏的人越来越多,许多是2008 年才开始加入这场游戏的人,很可能会变成在2007 年不断的加入股市的人同一命运。与去年年初比较,石油价格翻了两番,石油的需求增加了这么多吗?没有的。这完全是炒卖的结果。这场炒卖还会炒多久,炒买的最高峰会是多少钱?没人知道。但是结果一定会是重演上个世纪80 年代至90 年代的崩溃。如果石油王子不甘于只是卖石油,而是加入炒卖石油期货,最后的破产者很可能是石油王子。
上个世纪70 年代,出现过两次严重的石油危机。但是,在里根总统上任后,推出的20%的联邦利率,石油价格就崩溃了。
因此,股市真正担心的就是石油价格完全不受控制,最后迫美国政府以加息来压抑需求,制造经济衰退。
看来,这个熊市可能得拖相当长的一段时间,大家应该保守一点。任何博反弹的买入都得设止蚀点,并严守止蚀点,耐心地等待熊市成为过去。
至于不幸没有在过去卖掉的股票,在现价也不应该随意抛售,熊市二期有多次反弹,错过一次会有第二次。
引发这一轮的跌势,导火线是油价创历史新高。上周末之前,石油输出国主席说今年夏天油价会升至每桶170 美元,利比亚政府威胁减产石油,于是油价上升至每桶143 美元,道指也就一连两天跌去500 点。
何止石油涨价,粮食也涨价。石油涨价,欧美诸国纷纷立法强制在汽油内加上由玉米提炼出来的乙醇,这又导致玉米涨价。玉米涨价,猪吃的饲料主要成分是玉米,因此饲料也涨价,饲料涨价,猪肉也涨价。
什么东西没涨价?那是股票与房地产,这两样东西炒过了头,不能不跌下来。石油涨价的速度太恐怖了,已经远远超过供给与需求的平衡,而是人为的炒卖,是财技的比赛。那些公开说石油价格会炒上170 美元的人是不是也在炒做石油期货?他们是不是已经预早买了大量的石油期货?现在,石油王子、对冲基金及各式各样的石油炒家大户都在炒石油期货。今日传媒报导的石油的所谓价格,所指的只是期货价格,不论是买家或卖家,他们手上不需要任何石油现货,他们只需要赌一赌自己的眼光,也许再加上影响力,正如石油王子公开说石油会涨至170美元,难道不是为石油价格造势?参与这场游戏的人越来越多,许多是2008 年才开始加入这场游戏的人,很可能会变成在2007 年不断的加入股市的人同一命运。与去年年初比较,石油价格翻了两番,石油的需求增加了这么多吗?没有的。这完全是炒卖的结果。这场炒卖还会炒多久,炒买的最高峰会是多少钱?没人知道。但是结果一定会是重演上个世纪80 年代至90 年代的崩溃。如果石油王子不甘于只是卖石油,而是加入炒卖石油期货,最后的破产者很可能是石油王子。
上个世纪70 年代,出现过两次严重的石油危机。但是,在里根总统上任后,推出的20%的联邦利率,石油价格就崩溃了。
因此,股市真正担心的就是石油价格完全不受控制,最后迫美国政府以加息来压抑需求,制造经济衰退。
看来,这个熊市可能得拖相当长的一段时间,大家应该保守一点。任何博反弹的买入都得设止蚀点,并严守止蚀点,耐心地等待熊市成为过去。
至于不幸没有在过去卖掉的股票,在现价也不应该随意抛售,熊市二期有多次反弹,错过一次会有第二次。
Things to Remember When the Market Crashes - July 1, 2008
#1: Nobody knows where the market bottom is.
It may be hard to believe, but your guess on the stock market bottom is as good as anyone's. That anyone includes Ben Bernanke, Hank Paulson, Bill Gross, George Soros, Warren Buffett, Lloyd Blankfein and even Jim Cramer.
In six months, the media will dig up some lucky market analyst who made a "remarkably prescient" call and turn them into a hero, a la Elaine Garzarelli, the analyst credited with predicting the Crash of 1987.
#2: Do not sell into a panic.
Anyone who sold their stocks on Black Monday, Oct. 21, 1987, came to almost immediately regret it. I know I did. I was a junior banker in London and watched the meltdown on our lone department Quotron.
My brain said, "Hang on, hang on." My wallet said, "Run for your life." With one phone call, I sold every Fidelity stock fund I had and promptly lost a quarter of my net worth.
The temptation to panic is primal. Be a man, not a monkey.
#3: Look forward, not backward.
Does anybody remember how negative sentiment was in October 2002? The S&P 500 was down almost 50% from its record of 2000. The Nasdaq Composite Index was off 75%. I had just returned from 10 years in Europe to run the UBS tech banking group.
What struck me when I first visited Silicon Valley was how negative everyone was. That was because my colleagues and clients saw the world through the distorted prism of the Internet boom. They couldn't see the tech market getting better in the future, because the tech market couldn't be any better than it had just been.
The market looks forward, but people like to look backward. A Cisco Systems shareholder that owned the stock at $77 has trouble forgetting that $77 price when the stock falls to $15. In time, it doubled to $30.
Is Citigroup at today's closing price of $16.76 so different? Wall Street in 2008 is Silicon Valley in 2002. It will get better in time.
#4: It's investing, not gambling.
Why do we obsess over our ability to pick the bottom or top of a stock price or the market? Statistically, it is a total crap shoot.
As Bernard Baruch said, "Don't try to buy at the bottom and sell at the top. It can't be done except by liars."
Financial panics bring out the worst in these tendencies. All this weekend, I was chewing over whether or not it was the right time to buy the XLF, the financial sector ETF that is trading at nearly half its record high.
I haven't pulled the trigger yet, but I know that picking a bottom is a mugs game. Admittedly, an awfully tempting one. Better to use common sense.
Set price and allocation targets, space out investments over time. Since the beginning of this year, I have made fund purchases on about 20 different dates with an average cost base equivalent to an S&P 500 level of 1346. On that money, I am down about 5%. There are mutual funds that charge that much for an up-front load. Investing like this won't make you rich, but you won't gamble yourself into the poorhouse either.
#5: It's only money.
There is no point in fighting the tape or your emotions as the market is gripped by panic. Next time the Dow industrials are down 300 and heading down further, do what you make your children do: take a time out. Turn off CNBC, your computer and BlackBerry and leave the office. (Wall Street professionals, unfortunately, this doesn't apply to you. You will get fired.)
I am a believer in the equity markets and have most of my net worth tied up in the stock market. So every panic over the past two decades has cost me, albeit temporarily, big chunks of my net worth.
Does it hurt? Of course. Do I lose sleep over it? Occasionally. But I always keep in mind that it is only money.
I think of my dad, who would inspect me after exhausting banker trips to Japan, India, and Hong Kong. As he would put it: "There's no point in being the richest man in the cemetery."
It may be hard to believe, but your guess on the stock market bottom is as good as anyone's. That anyone includes Ben Bernanke, Hank Paulson, Bill Gross, George Soros, Warren Buffett, Lloyd Blankfein and even Jim Cramer.
In six months, the media will dig up some lucky market analyst who made a "remarkably prescient" call and turn them into a hero, a la Elaine Garzarelli, the analyst credited with predicting the Crash of 1987.
#2: Do not sell into a panic.
Anyone who sold their stocks on Black Monday, Oct. 21, 1987, came to almost immediately regret it. I know I did. I was a junior banker in London and watched the meltdown on our lone department Quotron.
My brain said, "Hang on, hang on." My wallet said, "Run for your life." With one phone call, I sold every Fidelity stock fund I had and promptly lost a quarter of my net worth.
The temptation to panic is primal. Be a man, not a monkey.
#3: Look forward, not backward.
Does anybody remember how negative sentiment was in October 2002? The S&P 500 was down almost 50% from its record of 2000. The Nasdaq Composite Index was off 75%. I had just returned from 10 years in Europe to run the UBS tech banking group.
What struck me when I first visited Silicon Valley was how negative everyone was. That was because my colleagues and clients saw the world through the distorted prism of the Internet boom. They couldn't see the tech market getting better in the future, because the tech market couldn't be any better than it had just been.
The market looks forward, but people like to look backward. A Cisco Systems shareholder that owned the stock at $77 has trouble forgetting that $77 price when the stock falls to $15. In time, it doubled to $30.
Is Citigroup at today's closing price of $16.76 so different? Wall Street in 2008 is Silicon Valley in 2002. It will get better in time.
#4: It's investing, not gambling.
Why do we obsess over our ability to pick the bottom or top of a stock price or the market? Statistically, it is a total crap shoot.
As Bernard Baruch said, "Don't try to buy at the bottom and sell at the top. It can't be done except by liars."
Financial panics bring out the worst in these tendencies. All this weekend, I was chewing over whether or not it was the right time to buy the XLF, the financial sector ETF that is trading at nearly half its record high.
I haven't pulled the trigger yet, but I know that picking a bottom is a mugs game. Admittedly, an awfully tempting one. Better to use common sense.
Set price and allocation targets, space out investments over time. Since the beginning of this year, I have made fund purchases on about 20 different dates with an average cost base equivalent to an S&P 500 level of 1346. On that money, I am down about 5%. There are mutual funds that charge that much for an up-front load. Investing like this won't make you rich, but you won't gamble yourself into the poorhouse either.
#5: It's only money.
There is no point in fighting the tape or your emotions as the market is gripped by panic. Next time the Dow industrials are down 300 and heading down further, do what you make your children do: take a time out. Turn off CNBC, your computer and BlackBerry and leave the office. (Wall Street professionals, unfortunately, this doesn't apply to you. You will get fired.)
I am a believer in the equity markets and have most of my net worth tied up in the stock market. So every panic over the past two decades has cost me, albeit temporarily, big chunks of my net worth.
Does it hurt? Of course. Do I lose sleep over it? Occasionally. But I always keep in mind that it is only money.
I think of my dad, who would inspect me after exhausting banker trips to Japan, India, and Hong Kong. As he would put it: "There's no point in being the richest man in the cemetery."
Boustead Singapore: Strengthening foothold in Libya; BUY
Boustead Singapore: BUY (Upgrade from HOLD) S$2.36
Price Target : 12-Month S$ 2.85 (Prev S$ 2.46)
Strengthening foothold in Libya
Story: Boustead announced its largest water contract to date with its wholly owned-subsidiary, Salcon being awarded a S$175m contract to design, construct and upgrade a major water infrastructure system in Libya. Salcon will hold a 65% stake in the Joint Venture with a state-owned utilities company as partner. This contract comprises two phases under which the JV will fulfill all water and wastewater needs of a 731 hectare township in Tarhunah, 80 km east of Tripoli. The contract is commencing in July 2008 and expected to be completed by 1Q 2011.
Point: With the contract, new order wins to date stand at ~S$200m, or about 44% of our full year order win assumption of S$450m. Apart from being on track to meet our orderbook expectation for the full year, this contract would immediately boost FY09 and FY10 earnings by 7% and 9% respectively since project commencement and earnings accretion is ahead of schedule.
Relevance: In addition to contribution from this contract win, we have also factored in an expected S$26m gain ( vs our previous forecast of S$13m) from the proposed sale of a building under construction and land at Ubi Ave1 for a consideration of S$200m. Consequent to our earnings upgrade, our SOTP target price is now revised to S$2.85, translating to 10x FY09 PE and 21% potential upside from current price.
Upgrade to Buy.
Price Target : 12-Month S$ 2.85 (Prev S$ 2.46)
Strengthening foothold in Libya
Story: Boustead announced its largest water contract to date with its wholly owned-subsidiary, Salcon being awarded a S$175m contract to design, construct and upgrade a major water infrastructure system in Libya. Salcon will hold a 65% stake in the Joint Venture with a state-owned utilities company as partner. This contract comprises two phases under which the JV will fulfill all water and wastewater needs of a 731 hectare township in Tarhunah, 80 km east of Tripoli. The contract is commencing in July 2008 and expected to be completed by 1Q 2011.
Point: With the contract, new order wins to date stand at ~S$200m, or about 44% of our full year order win assumption of S$450m. Apart from being on track to meet our orderbook expectation for the full year, this contract would immediately boost FY09 and FY10 earnings by 7% and 9% respectively since project commencement and earnings accretion is ahead of schedule.
Relevance: In addition to contribution from this contract win, we have also factored in an expected S$26m gain ( vs our previous forecast of S$13m) from the proposed sale of a building under construction and land at Ubi Ave1 for a consideration of S$200m. Consequent to our earnings upgrade, our SOTP target price is now revised to S$2.85, translating to 10x FY09 PE and 21% potential upside from current price.
Upgrade to Buy.
心得片片录之二 土方最管用
股票投资的最高境界,是“无为而治”,这也是股票投资者应追求的最终目标,有如长跑家所要达到的终点。
譬如拳道,花拳绣腿好看不好用;高手沉着应战,动作不多,但简单的一招,遇者必踣。
终日在股市中抢进杀出的,鲜有成就,反而是动作不多,买进后就不动如山的投资者,获利最丰。
大马富豪都是这样成就的。
股票投资最有用的道理,最有效的策略,其实还是那一套看起来最老土的道理,最老套的策略。这些道理,这种策略,都经过长期的应用,证明最有用,最有效,所以才能流传到现在,现在还是被应用着,将来恐怕也还是被应用下去。
无数的人,殚精竭虑,要“发明”新的方法,以战胜股市,成为股市常胜军,但是,最后都铩羽而归,他们的“发明”,也很快就被人忘掉,反而是那些“土方”还是被反复地应用着。
所以,不要去相信秘诀,股票投资根本没有秘诀,也不需要秘诀,需要的是以常识,以常理去判断,然后脚踏实地去投资,就行了。
知识最重要
我所能谈的,都是“老生常谈”,但都是较为可用的道理,因为我都应用过了,而且证明可用,才不厌其烦地一说再说。
我怎样写就怎样做,如果我写一套,做的是另一套,对你们公平吗?
要在股市打胜仗,知识至为重要,但不能单靠知识,如果单靠知识就可以投资成功的话,那么个个学者和股票分析师都是亿万富翁了,实际上,学者和股票分析师成功的百分比,不会比平常人高。
股票投资要成功,还必须加上知识以外的“因素”。比如耐心,坚忍不拔的精神,平衡的心智,独立思考的头脑,反应灵敏,虚怀若谷等等。
而最重要的,是心地要好,有些人有幸灾乐祸的心理,听到别人赚钱,自己却亏本,就心怀嫉妒,终日怏怏不乐;如果自己赚钱,听到别人亏本,嘴里虽不说,暗地里却感到高兴。
心地要善良
这是一种心理变态,有这种变态心理的人,心里不会平安,心里不平安的人,不会快乐,不快乐的人做人做事都难有成就。
如果你认为别人的成功就是你的失败的话,你不是一个有福的人。
要投资成功,心地要善良。
知识可以用钱买得到,但修养却要自己去培育,别人帮不了你。
把“心”管好,还是最管用的求福之道。
股票投资失败,损失最大的反而不是金钱,而是时间。
金钱和时间,都是最宝贵的资源,金钱损失了,可以赚回来,时间损失了,可不是金钱可以买回来的。
有人说“时间就是金钱”,其实金钱的价值,怎么可以跟时间相比呢?
时间一去不复返,时间是无价之宝啊!
金钱亏损了,改变策略,或改买别的股票,可以赚回来,时间消失了,是永远赚不回来的呀!
所以,股票投资一定要有珍惜时间和珍惜金钱这两种资源的概念,两者都不能浪费,浪费任何一种,你的人生就不一样了。
巴菲特的金科玉律是:第一,不亏,第二,不忘第一个“玉律”,是至理名言,投资者应时刻记心头。
永远把“不亏“摆在第一位!
我们是凡人,凡人皆会做错,故永远不亏是不可能,但一定要竭尽所能不亏,则是绝不妥协的原则。
要做到接近不亏,就严守:只投资,永不投机!
譬如拳道,花拳绣腿好看不好用;高手沉着应战,动作不多,但简单的一招,遇者必踣。
终日在股市中抢进杀出的,鲜有成就,反而是动作不多,买进后就不动如山的投资者,获利最丰。
大马富豪都是这样成就的。
股票投资最有用的道理,最有效的策略,其实还是那一套看起来最老土的道理,最老套的策略。这些道理,这种策略,都经过长期的应用,证明最有用,最有效,所以才能流传到现在,现在还是被应用着,将来恐怕也还是被应用下去。
无数的人,殚精竭虑,要“发明”新的方法,以战胜股市,成为股市常胜军,但是,最后都铩羽而归,他们的“发明”,也很快就被人忘掉,反而是那些“土方”还是被反复地应用着。
所以,不要去相信秘诀,股票投资根本没有秘诀,也不需要秘诀,需要的是以常识,以常理去判断,然后脚踏实地去投资,就行了。
知识最重要
我所能谈的,都是“老生常谈”,但都是较为可用的道理,因为我都应用过了,而且证明可用,才不厌其烦地一说再说。
我怎样写就怎样做,如果我写一套,做的是另一套,对你们公平吗?
要在股市打胜仗,知识至为重要,但不能单靠知识,如果单靠知识就可以投资成功的话,那么个个学者和股票分析师都是亿万富翁了,实际上,学者和股票分析师成功的百分比,不会比平常人高。
股票投资要成功,还必须加上知识以外的“因素”。比如耐心,坚忍不拔的精神,平衡的心智,独立思考的头脑,反应灵敏,虚怀若谷等等。
而最重要的,是心地要好,有些人有幸灾乐祸的心理,听到别人赚钱,自己却亏本,就心怀嫉妒,终日怏怏不乐;如果自己赚钱,听到别人亏本,嘴里虽不说,暗地里却感到高兴。
心地要善良
这是一种心理变态,有这种变态心理的人,心里不会平安,心里不平安的人,不会快乐,不快乐的人做人做事都难有成就。
如果你认为别人的成功就是你的失败的话,你不是一个有福的人。
要投资成功,心地要善良。
知识可以用钱买得到,但修养却要自己去培育,别人帮不了你。
把“心”管好,还是最管用的求福之道。
股票投资失败,损失最大的反而不是金钱,而是时间。
金钱和时间,都是最宝贵的资源,金钱损失了,可以赚回来,时间损失了,可不是金钱可以买回来的。
有人说“时间就是金钱”,其实金钱的价值,怎么可以跟时间相比呢?
时间一去不复返,时间是无价之宝啊!
金钱亏损了,改变策略,或改买别的股票,可以赚回来,时间消失了,是永远赚不回来的呀!
所以,股票投资一定要有珍惜时间和珍惜金钱这两种资源的概念,两者都不能浪费,浪费任何一种,你的人生就不一样了。
巴菲特的金科玉律是:第一,不亏,第二,不忘第一个“玉律”,是至理名言,投资者应时刻记心头。
永远把“不亏“摆在第一位!
我们是凡人,凡人皆会做错,故永远不亏是不可能,但一定要竭尽所能不亏,则是绝不妥协的原则。
要做到接近不亏,就严守:只投资,永不投机!
Construction Stocks: Keep The 3 S's In Mind
Tiptoeing gingerly around the sector, think specialised, short and selective
THEY say there's no business like show business; right now, they are also saying there's no worse business than the construction business.
The construction industry is being battered from every angle: margins are being squeezed; sand, concrete and steel prices have been taking turns to take off; and residential property sales have turned anaemic.
Steel suppliers further tightened the screws by cutting the lock-in period for steel prices from six months to three months early this year, leaving contractors even more vulnerable to price fluctuations.
It isn't surprising then that some pundits are ironically predicting the destruction of the construction business.
'This is a very bad time to be looking for bargains in the construction industry. It's in bad shape and is the worst hit by inflation,' says an analyst who does not want to be identified.
Other analysts, however, are decidedly bullish on the industry and insist that all builders cannot be tarred with the same brush.
'Investors are not able to differentiate between specialised and integrated construction firms. The former have a lower risk profile,' explains CIMB analyst Lawrence Lye.
Investors should bear in mind the three S's when tiptoeing around the minefield of construction stocks: think specialised, short and selective.
Specialist companies involved in specific parts of a construction project may be better placed to stay out of the crossfire between suppliers and the main contractors that attempt to do everything.
'We would recommend investors reduce their exposure to integrated construction companies,' Mr Lye says. 'These companies have large order books and stand a higher risk of margin erosion.'
Instead, he suggests specialist firms with low exposure to construction material costs, like Tat Hong and Tiong Woon, both of which are crane-leasing companies.
With commodity prices being contractors' Achilles heel, firms with shorter- term contracts are better bets, like foundation engineering firm CSC Holdings, according to Mr Lye.
'CSC's average contracts are short at three to six months, which limits its exposure to fluctuating prices,' he says.
And while trite, it pays to remember the adage, 'location, location, location'. Selective locations, in particular.
'Wealthy buyers tend to be more discriminating, and they will be looking for property in areas like Districts 9, 10 and 11 which are not overbuilt,' says Mr Lye.
Contractors with projects in such areas will be safer bets, as prices are expected to remain relatively higher.
BBR, a contractor working on a development in Nassim Hill, would appear to fit the bill, especially since the estimated benchmark sale price of a similar unit was $2,200 per square foot in June, far exceeding BBR's breakeven price of $1,304 psf on the project.
One particular firm that has struck out on all three counts is Lian Beng Group, a main contractor saddled with a large order book of $800 million extending till 2010 and unsold residential properties.
Order books provide an indication of both future revenue and costs. The larger and longer a firm appears to be committed to an order, the larger and more risky its exposure to raw material price increases.
While Lian Beng's latest projects in Bukit Timah and Emerald Hill are estimated to have higher gross margins, its overall development portfolio remains a risky bet.
'We are cutting our FY08-10 forecasts for Lian Beng by 11-60 per cent to account for risks in its property development profits, which stem from projects such as Lincoln Lodge and Kovan Road, where benchmark transacted prices have fallen below breakeven costs,' Mr Lye said in a report this month that downgraded Lian Beng from 'outperform' to 'neutral'.
Kim Eng analyst Wilson Liew begs to differ on Lian Beng, citing the contractor's advantage in controlling raw material costs because it owns a batching plant for ready-mixed concrete, and maintaining a 'buy' recommendation.
Even so, the writing on the wall cannot be ignored. The valuation of the company has been lowered from $1.12 to $0.68 per share by Mr Liew, based on an expected shrinkage of all-important margins.
In addition to its three strikes, Lian Beng also falls into a category of firms that now fancy themselves as property developers as well.
This category also includes the likes of investment holding company Eastern Holdings and is dismissed by CIMB's Mr Lye as 'Johnny-come-lately firms that snapped up land in the middle of 2007 when property prices had peaked, right before the meltdown in July'.
'Reduce exposure to contractors that have turned opportunistic property developers late in the cycle,' he says. 'These are likely to be saddled with unsold inventory or expensive land.'
And if you must invest in a giant, go for one that has fluctuation clauses to manage raw material prices, like main contractor Chip Eng Seng.
'Gross margins for public projects are likely to remain stable at around 5 per cent, as increases in raw material prices will be protected by fluctuation clauses,' Westcomb analyst Wong Say Tian said in a report this month on Chip Eng Seng. 'We estimate that public projects account for about 60 per cent of the group's existing order book.'
While the bottom line may take a beating for some builders this year, it is still clear: investors should avoid construction companies built on sand if they want a solid portfolio.
THEY say there's no business like show business; right now, they are also saying there's no worse business than the construction business.
The construction industry is being battered from every angle: margins are being squeezed; sand, concrete and steel prices have been taking turns to take off; and residential property sales have turned anaemic.
Steel suppliers further tightened the screws by cutting the lock-in period for steel prices from six months to three months early this year, leaving contractors even more vulnerable to price fluctuations.
It isn't surprising then that some pundits are ironically predicting the destruction of the construction business.
'This is a very bad time to be looking for bargains in the construction industry. It's in bad shape and is the worst hit by inflation,' says an analyst who does not want to be identified.
Other analysts, however, are decidedly bullish on the industry and insist that all builders cannot be tarred with the same brush.
'Investors are not able to differentiate between specialised and integrated construction firms. The former have a lower risk profile,' explains CIMB analyst Lawrence Lye.
Investors should bear in mind the three S's when tiptoeing around the minefield of construction stocks: think specialised, short and selective.
Specialist companies involved in specific parts of a construction project may be better placed to stay out of the crossfire between suppliers and the main contractors that attempt to do everything.
'We would recommend investors reduce their exposure to integrated construction companies,' Mr Lye says. 'These companies have large order books and stand a higher risk of margin erosion.'
Instead, he suggests specialist firms with low exposure to construction material costs, like Tat Hong and Tiong Woon, both of which are crane-leasing companies.
With commodity prices being contractors' Achilles heel, firms with shorter- term contracts are better bets, like foundation engineering firm CSC Holdings, according to Mr Lye.
'CSC's average contracts are short at three to six months, which limits its exposure to fluctuating prices,' he says.
And while trite, it pays to remember the adage, 'location, location, location'. Selective locations, in particular.
'Wealthy buyers tend to be more discriminating, and they will be looking for property in areas like Districts 9, 10 and 11 which are not overbuilt,' says Mr Lye.
Contractors with projects in such areas will be safer bets, as prices are expected to remain relatively higher.
BBR, a contractor working on a development in Nassim Hill, would appear to fit the bill, especially since the estimated benchmark sale price of a similar unit was $2,200 per square foot in June, far exceeding BBR's breakeven price of $1,304 psf on the project.
One particular firm that has struck out on all three counts is Lian Beng Group, a main contractor saddled with a large order book of $800 million extending till 2010 and unsold residential properties.
Order books provide an indication of both future revenue and costs. The larger and longer a firm appears to be committed to an order, the larger and more risky its exposure to raw material price increases.
While Lian Beng's latest projects in Bukit Timah and Emerald Hill are estimated to have higher gross margins, its overall development portfolio remains a risky bet.
'We are cutting our FY08-10 forecasts for Lian Beng by 11-60 per cent to account for risks in its property development profits, which stem from projects such as Lincoln Lodge and Kovan Road, where benchmark transacted prices have fallen below breakeven costs,' Mr Lye said in a report this month that downgraded Lian Beng from 'outperform' to 'neutral'.
Kim Eng analyst Wilson Liew begs to differ on Lian Beng, citing the contractor's advantage in controlling raw material costs because it owns a batching plant for ready-mixed concrete, and maintaining a 'buy' recommendation.
Even so, the writing on the wall cannot be ignored. The valuation of the company has been lowered from $1.12 to $0.68 per share by Mr Liew, based on an expected shrinkage of all-important margins.
In addition to its three strikes, Lian Beng also falls into a category of firms that now fancy themselves as property developers as well.
This category also includes the likes of investment holding company Eastern Holdings and is dismissed by CIMB's Mr Lye as 'Johnny-come-lately firms that snapped up land in the middle of 2007 when property prices had peaked, right before the meltdown in July'.
'Reduce exposure to contractors that have turned opportunistic property developers late in the cycle,' he says. 'These are likely to be saddled with unsold inventory or expensive land.'
And if you must invest in a giant, go for one that has fluctuation clauses to manage raw material prices, like main contractor Chip Eng Seng.
'Gross margins for public projects are likely to remain stable at around 5 per cent, as increases in raw material prices will be protected by fluctuation clauses,' Westcomb analyst Wong Say Tian said in a report this month on Chip Eng Seng. 'We estimate that public projects account for about 60 per cent of the group's existing order book.'
While the bottom line may take a beating for some builders this year, it is still clear: investors should avoid construction companies built on sand if they want a solid portfolio.
Boustead to mark 180th year with bash, $800k donation
THE way Mr Wong Fong Fui tells it, one may be forgiven for mistaking Boustead Singapore's founder as Chinese. That is, if his name wasn't such a dead giveaway.
The number eight plays a prominent role in the life and death of Mr Edward Boustead, said Mr Wong, the company's chief executive.
'His affinity to the number 'eight' is uncanny,' Mr Wong told The Straits Times.
The Chinese, particularly the Cantonese, regard eight as an auspicious number as it rhymes with wealth in that dialect.
Born in Yorkshire, England in 1800, Mr Boustead died at the age of 88 in 1888 in his homeland.
He had arrived in Singapore in 1828 and set up Boustead & Co. The company quickly took off to become one of Singapore's great trading houses, dealing in spices, flavours, seeds, nuts, herbs and oils.
Its interests subsequently extended to include rubber and palm oil plantations, trading and agencies for a whole host of services such as shipping and insurance.
'We were the sole agents for insurance giant Lloyds and big marine insurance companies in the world,' Mr Wong said.
'Hennessy, Procter & Gamble, Cadbury, most of the consumer goods that you see today, Boustead brought them in.'
This year, the company - now known as Boustead Singapore - celebrates its 180th anniversary, making it the second oldest in Singapore. Only property developer Guthrie GTS can claim to be older.
To mark the milestone, Boustead will hold a gala dinner next month. It has commissioned a limited edition coffee table book on the history of the company.
It will also use the occasion to donate $800,000 - that uncanny number again - to charity, an acknowledgement of the philanthropic legacy of the founder, said Mr Wong.
Upon his death, Mr Boustead left £9,000 - a princely sum at the time - to set up a welfare institution for foreign seaman known as the Boustead Institute.
Demolished and long faded in the annals of Singapore history, the institute is, nonetheless, immortalised in many paintings and pictures thanks to its striking architecture and imposing facade at the junction of Tanjong Pagar and Anson roads.
Mr Boustead did not have any heirs. After his death, his associates took over the running of Boustead & Co, which continued to enjoy unparalleled success for almost a 100 years except for when the two world wars were ongoing.
However, the company's fortunes did wane when it was broken up, twice.
In 1960, it was split into Boustead plc and Boustead Bhd following Malaysia's independence from Britain. The substantive part of the business remained in Malaysia and Singapore.
In 1973, Boustead Bhd carved out a Singapore unit - Taiping Singapore - to comply with Malaysia's race-based affirmative programme which was aimed at narrowing the wealth gap between Malays and Chinese.
The loss of plantation assets, which continued to reside with Boustead Bhd, was a near fatal blow to the Singapore unit as it also had to struggle with losing many of its agency businesses.
Then came another round of mergers and acquisitions after which Taiping became Bousteadco Singapore and was subsequently renamed Boustead Singapore.
During this uncertain period, it tried without much success to reinvent itself as an engineering outfit until 1996, when a group led by Mr Wong assumed control.
Banking on his experience as former managing director of QAF - the maker of Gardenia bread - Mr Wong's initial instinct was to turn Boustead into a food company.
In 1998, it started the Bonjour line of breads and a year later, it acquired the Japanese firm Sushi Deli.
But the foray into food was short-lived. Bonjour was sold to QAF for $15 million in 2000 and Sushi Deli was offloaded to Mr Wong and two managers of the Japanese restaurant for just $340 in 2003.
Today, Boustead's focus is on industrial, real estate, energy and environmental engineering. It has a staff strength of about 700 and operates in 73 countries.
While the current business has little in common with the early enterprises that made Boustead famous, its brand name continues to reap goodwill even from afar.
Take for example a trip Mr Wong made to Sri Lanka three years ago, after a Boustead unit had secured a deal to build the first sea water treatment plant in the country.
'While I was there to introduce other services of Boustead, I met the director-general in charge of power. He said to me: 'Your company was the first to introduce electricity to our country.' Indeed!'
Boustead's success is reflected in its healthy bottom line and cash holdings.
In the year ended March 31, the group reported a 46.1 per cent jump in net profit to $51.5 million. Revenue was up 27.5 per cent at $438.3 million. Its net cash position swelled to $150.8 million, up from $100.7 million the previous year.
This has enabled the company to raise full-year dividend payouts to 10 cents a share from 6.5 cents.
Dividend yield is an attractive 4.3 per cent.
Despite this, Boustead shares are off the radar screen of most retail investors, with daily average turnover at a paltry 74,000.
Mr Wong is not unduly perturbed.
'I've been through hot stocks before. QAF was a hot stock in 1993 to 1995, with 50 million shares in turnover daily, and I got queries from the stock exchange every day.
'Today, I don't get calls. Nobody is interested. Never mind, we have very stable shareholders.'
Nonetheless, the company recognises its stock could do with a little lift. It has proposed undertaking a one-into-two share split to make the stock more attractive to retail investors.
A healthy cash hoard means that Boustead is also in a position to grow more aggressively.
'We are in the phase of looking for acquisitions and not afraid of businesses that are not exactly core. If it's a buy, why not?,' Mr Wong asserted, though he is quick to add that his preference is still in the field of engineering.
Boustead today is very different from the company that began 180 years ago in a Raffles Place office that overlooked the Singapore harbour. It now operates from a nondescript flatted factory in Kampong Ubi.
However, Mr Wong believes Boustead's lasting legacy is not in the bricks and mortar, but in its founder's spirit of enterprise.
He declared: 'My mission is to resurrect this company and I'd like to tell my fellow Singaporeans that we are doing well.'
Failure is not an option.
'It's like your great-great-grandfather's company that passes on to your hand. Can you imagine if you fail and die? It's not just a matter of money.'
The number eight plays a prominent role in the life and death of Mr Edward Boustead, said Mr Wong, the company's chief executive.
'His affinity to the number 'eight' is uncanny,' Mr Wong told The Straits Times.
The Chinese, particularly the Cantonese, regard eight as an auspicious number as it rhymes with wealth in that dialect.
Born in Yorkshire, England in 1800, Mr Boustead died at the age of 88 in 1888 in his homeland.
He had arrived in Singapore in 1828 and set up Boustead & Co. The company quickly took off to become one of Singapore's great trading houses, dealing in spices, flavours, seeds, nuts, herbs and oils.
Its interests subsequently extended to include rubber and palm oil plantations, trading and agencies for a whole host of services such as shipping and insurance.
'We were the sole agents for insurance giant Lloyds and big marine insurance companies in the world,' Mr Wong said.
'Hennessy, Procter & Gamble, Cadbury, most of the consumer goods that you see today, Boustead brought them in.'
This year, the company - now known as Boustead Singapore - celebrates its 180th anniversary, making it the second oldest in Singapore. Only property developer Guthrie GTS can claim to be older.
To mark the milestone, Boustead will hold a gala dinner next month. It has commissioned a limited edition coffee table book on the history of the company.
It will also use the occasion to donate $800,000 - that uncanny number again - to charity, an acknowledgement of the philanthropic legacy of the founder, said Mr Wong.
Upon his death, Mr Boustead left £9,000 - a princely sum at the time - to set up a welfare institution for foreign seaman known as the Boustead Institute.
Demolished and long faded in the annals of Singapore history, the institute is, nonetheless, immortalised in many paintings and pictures thanks to its striking architecture and imposing facade at the junction of Tanjong Pagar and Anson roads.
Mr Boustead did not have any heirs. After his death, his associates took over the running of Boustead & Co, which continued to enjoy unparalleled success for almost a 100 years except for when the two world wars were ongoing.
However, the company's fortunes did wane when it was broken up, twice.
In 1960, it was split into Boustead plc and Boustead Bhd following Malaysia's independence from Britain. The substantive part of the business remained in Malaysia and Singapore.
In 1973, Boustead Bhd carved out a Singapore unit - Taiping Singapore - to comply with Malaysia's race-based affirmative programme which was aimed at narrowing the wealth gap between Malays and Chinese.
The loss of plantation assets, which continued to reside with Boustead Bhd, was a near fatal blow to the Singapore unit as it also had to struggle with losing many of its agency businesses.
Then came another round of mergers and acquisitions after which Taiping became Bousteadco Singapore and was subsequently renamed Boustead Singapore.
During this uncertain period, it tried without much success to reinvent itself as an engineering outfit until 1996, when a group led by Mr Wong assumed control.
Banking on his experience as former managing director of QAF - the maker of Gardenia bread - Mr Wong's initial instinct was to turn Boustead into a food company.
In 1998, it started the Bonjour line of breads and a year later, it acquired the Japanese firm Sushi Deli.
But the foray into food was short-lived. Bonjour was sold to QAF for $15 million in 2000 and Sushi Deli was offloaded to Mr Wong and two managers of the Japanese restaurant for just $340 in 2003.
Today, Boustead's focus is on industrial, real estate, energy and environmental engineering. It has a staff strength of about 700 and operates in 73 countries.
While the current business has little in common with the early enterprises that made Boustead famous, its brand name continues to reap goodwill even from afar.
Take for example a trip Mr Wong made to Sri Lanka three years ago, after a Boustead unit had secured a deal to build the first sea water treatment plant in the country.
'While I was there to introduce other services of Boustead, I met the director-general in charge of power. He said to me: 'Your company was the first to introduce electricity to our country.' Indeed!'
Boustead's success is reflected in its healthy bottom line and cash holdings.
In the year ended March 31, the group reported a 46.1 per cent jump in net profit to $51.5 million. Revenue was up 27.5 per cent at $438.3 million. Its net cash position swelled to $150.8 million, up from $100.7 million the previous year.
This has enabled the company to raise full-year dividend payouts to 10 cents a share from 6.5 cents.
Dividend yield is an attractive 4.3 per cent.
Despite this, Boustead shares are off the radar screen of most retail investors, with daily average turnover at a paltry 74,000.
Mr Wong is not unduly perturbed.
'I've been through hot stocks before. QAF was a hot stock in 1993 to 1995, with 50 million shares in turnover daily, and I got queries from the stock exchange every day.
'Today, I don't get calls. Nobody is interested. Never mind, we have very stable shareholders.'
Nonetheless, the company recognises its stock could do with a little lift. It has proposed undertaking a one-into-two share split to make the stock more attractive to retail investors.
A healthy cash hoard means that Boustead is also in a position to grow more aggressively.
'We are in the phase of looking for acquisitions and not afraid of businesses that are not exactly core. If it's a buy, why not?,' Mr Wong asserted, though he is quick to add that his preference is still in the field of engineering.
Boustead today is very different from the company that began 180 years ago in a Raffles Place office that overlooked the Singapore harbour. It now operates from a nondescript flatted factory in Kampong Ubi.
However, Mr Wong believes Boustead's lasting legacy is not in the bricks and mortar, but in its founder's spirit of enterprise.
He declared: 'My mission is to resurrect this company and I'd like to tell my fellow Singaporeans that we are doing well.'
Failure is not an option.
'It's like your great-great-grandfather's company that passes on to your hand. Can you imagine if you fail and die? It's not just a matter of money.'
Monday, June 30, 2008
China plays offer cheap buys but few are biting; Bargains can be found, say analysts, despite impact of volatile mainland
INVESTORS might imagine that Singapore-listed China companies would offer some form of a safe haven from current stock market turbulence.
After all, China's economy is still expanding strongly, despite some niggles, while the likes of the United States are faltering.
They should think again.
A recent sell-down in stocks on China bourses and growing inflation worries over the mainland's booming economy have hit these so-called S-chips fairly hard.
The selling pressure has also been triggered by concerns over slowing profit growth, shrinking margins and rising borrowing costs.
So far this year, the FTSE ST China Index, comprising major S-chips, has been the worst performing index. It has fallen over 44 per cent compared to a 14.7 per cent drop for the Straits Times Index.
Current valuations of some stocks, which are trading at low single-digit price-to-earnings ratios, are very attractive, say analysts. This ratio shows how much investors are willing to pay per dollar of earnings. The lower the ratio is, the 'cheaper' the share.
For example, China Sky Chemical Fibre, Celestial NutriFoods and Sino Techfibre are trading at ratios of four to five times their most recent full- year earnings.
'How can you say that is expensive?' asked CIMB-GK analyst Ho Choon Seng. 'Margins are not exactly expanding. With inflation, it is difficult to significantly increase margins. But there is still value to be found.'
'While higher energy, labour and material costs are likely to have an impact on margins for most companies, most are expected to remain profitable and many should still show profit growth - albeit at a lower rate,' said DBS Vickers Securities analyst Paul Yong.
He explained that a combination of poorer-than-expected results as well as corporate governance issues may have exacerbated the price slide of some stocks.
Despite what seems to be a good deal, investors are not biting. Take companies such as Jiutian Chemical Group and frozen dumpling maker Synear Food Holdings which are trading at 80 per cent or more off their 52-week highs.
A remisier with a local brokerage said: 'There are bargains out there, but there's almost no buying interest.'
She added: 'Investors are losing interest partly because there is no breakthrough for most S-chips. The trading range is very tight. Stocks barely budge even when there's good news.'
Clients are now switching to blue chips from S-chips, she said, adding that while there are fewer lots, 'at least there's a range to trade'.
S-chips have also fallen out of favour with syndicates, say sources, which have scaled back trading after suffering substantial losses.
Questions remain as to when the China plays will be able to break the downtrend, which is in turn dependent on the performance of markets in the US and China.
China Life Insurance, China's largest insurer, this week reportedly snapped up large quantities of stock funds, which may signal that there are bargains out there.
Analysts expect the downside to be limited given the extent of declines seen in many S-shares.
A hike of energy prices will push China's inflation 'into double digits', said a BNP Paribas report. It expects at least one more hike before year- end. This may further trigger a sell-down in Chinese bourses.
In a market where prices are static, or falling, it may be a good idea for investors to look for high-yield stocks.
Examples would include China Life and Singapore-listed Memtech International, which have dividend yields of 7.7 per cent and 9 per cent respectively. Mainboard-listed Luzhou Bio-Chem Technology is also offering a 7 per cent dividend yield.
'High-yield stocks should generally outperform high beta stocks in a bear market,' said Mr Yong. Beta stocks carry more risk but have potentially higher returns.
'Given low interest rates, there could be more interest in companies with high dividends,' said Mr Ho. But he added that investors should also consider the growth prospects of the company and whether it is able to support the level of dividend.
After all, China's economy is still expanding strongly, despite some niggles, while the likes of the United States are faltering.
They should think again.
A recent sell-down in stocks on China bourses and growing inflation worries over the mainland's booming economy have hit these so-called S-chips fairly hard.
The selling pressure has also been triggered by concerns over slowing profit growth, shrinking margins and rising borrowing costs.
So far this year, the FTSE ST China Index, comprising major S-chips, has been the worst performing index. It has fallen over 44 per cent compared to a 14.7 per cent drop for the Straits Times Index.
Current valuations of some stocks, which are trading at low single-digit price-to-earnings ratios, are very attractive, say analysts. This ratio shows how much investors are willing to pay per dollar of earnings. The lower the ratio is, the 'cheaper' the share.
For example, China Sky Chemical Fibre, Celestial NutriFoods and Sino Techfibre are trading at ratios of four to five times their most recent full- year earnings.
'How can you say that is expensive?' asked CIMB-GK analyst Ho Choon Seng. 'Margins are not exactly expanding. With inflation, it is difficult to significantly increase margins. But there is still value to be found.'
'While higher energy, labour and material costs are likely to have an impact on margins for most companies, most are expected to remain profitable and many should still show profit growth - albeit at a lower rate,' said DBS Vickers Securities analyst Paul Yong.
He explained that a combination of poorer-than-expected results as well as corporate governance issues may have exacerbated the price slide of some stocks.
Despite what seems to be a good deal, investors are not biting. Take companies such as Jiutian Chemical Group and frozen dumpling maker Synear Food Holdings which are trading at 80 per cent or more off their 52-week highs.
A remisier with a local brokerage said: 'There are bargains out there, but there's almost no buying interest.'
She added: 'Investors are losing interest partly because there is no breakthrough for most S-chips. The trading range is very tight. Stocks barely budge even when there's good news.'
Clients are now switching to blue chips from S-chips, she said, adding that while there are fewer lots, 'at least there's a range to trade'.
S-chips have also fallen out of favour with syndicates, say sources, which have scaled back trading after suffering substantial losses.
Questions remain as to when the China plays will be able to break the downtrend, which is in turn dependent on the performance of markets in the US and China.
China Life Insurance, China's largest insurer, this week reportedly snapped up large quantities of stock funds, which may signal that there are bargains out there.
Analysts expect the downside to be limited given the extent of declines seen in many S-shares.
A hike of energy prices will push China's inflation 'into double digits', said a BNP Paribas report. It expects at least one more hike before year- end. This may further trigger a sell-down in Chinese bourses.
In a market where prices are static, or falling, it may be a good idea for investors to look for high-yield stocks.
Examples would include China Life and Singapore-listed Memtech International, which have dividend yields of 7.7 per cent and 9 per cent respectively. Mainboard-listed Luzhou Bio-Chem Technology is also offering a 7 per cent dividend yield.
'High-yield stocks should generally outperform high beta stocks in a bear market,' said Mr Yong. Beta stocks carry more risk but have potentially higher returns.
'Given low interest rates, there could be more interest in companies with high dividends,' said Mr Ho. But he added that investors should also consider the growth prospects of the company and whether it is able to support the level of dividend.
Rogers Tells Investors Not to `Give Up' on China stocks
June 28 (Bloomberg) -- Jim Rogers, who in April 2006 correctly predicted oil would reach $100 a barrel and gold $1,000 an ounce, told investors not to ``give up'' on Chinese shares after the country's stock index fell almost 50 percent this year.
``Start buying when others say `never again','' Rogers, 65, said today at an investor conference in Nanjing. There is ``much money to be made'' from investments in Chinese stocks, he said.
China's CSI 300 Index has slumped 52 percent from its Oct. 16 peak on concern government measures to curb consumer prices will hurt earnings growth. Rogers, who first started buying Chinese stocks in 1999, said he hasn't sold any of his holdings.
``It's still a growth story in China,'' said Andrew Sullivan, a sales trader at Mainfirst Securities Hong Kong Ltd. ``It still has a good manufacturing industry.''
China's economy expanded 10.6 percent in the first quarter even as export growth cooled and industrial companies' profit growth slowed as oil and gas costs surged. Chinese stocks slumped yesterday on speculation the government will increase interest rates to help tame inflation.
Rogers told Chinese investors that the current correction is ``the way the market works,'' and they shouldn't be a ``market timer'' trying to figure out when is the bottom. ``You should get in at a time like now,'' Rogers said. ``I'm starting to think about buying again.'' He said he'd be ``investing in China for the rest of the century.''
About 200 people -- a full house -- paid as much as 50,000 yuan ($7,300) to hear Rogers speak at the two-hour event. The cheapest ticket was 3,800 yuan. Some approached him for his autograph and photos after the speech.
`Learn About Commodities'
Investors should also ``learn about commodities,'' Rogers said. Oil prices, which reached a record in New York trading yesterday, will go higher, he said.
Crude oil for August delivery rose 57 cents, or 0.4 percent, to a record close of $140.21 a barrel yesterday on the New York Mercantile Exchange, extending its gain this year to 46 percent.
The price of oil will keep rising, ``unless someone finds a major oil field very quickly, in accessible areas,'' Rogers told Chinese investors. ``The oil trend is still high even though the U.S. is trying to curb oil speculation,'' said Sullivan.
Rogers told investors to ``stay away from'' the dollar. The U.S. currency is within 2 percent of a record low against the euro reached in April as the Federal Reserve has cut interest rates to stave off an economic recession.
U.S. stocks ``are going to go down,'' Rogers said. The Dow Jones Industrial Average fell 0.9 percent yesterday, extending the decline for the 30-stock measure to 10 percent this month, the worst June since 1930.
The U.S. may be in its ``worst recession since World War II,'' Rogers said, adding that the subprime mortgage crisis in the world's biggest economy ``has many years to go.''
``Start buying when others say `never again','' Rogers, 65, said today at an investor conference in Nanjing. There is ``much money to be made'' from investments in Chinese stocks, he said.
China's CSI 300 Index has slumped 52 percent from its Oct. 16 peak on concern government measures to curb consumer prices will hurt earnings growth. Rogers, who first started buying Chinese stocks in 1999, said he hasn't sold any of his holdings.
``It's still a growth story in China,'' said Andrew Sullivan, a sales trader at Mainfirst Securities Hong Kong Ltd. ``It still has a good manufacturing industry.''
China's economy expanded 10.6 percent in the first quarter even as export growth cooled and industrial companies' profit growth slowed as oil and gas costs surged. Chinese stocks slumped yesterday on speculation the government will increase interest rates to help tame inflation.
Rogers told Chinese investors that the current correction is ``the way the market works,'' and they shouldn't be a ``market timer'' trying to figure out when is the bottom. ``You should get in at a time like now,'' Rogers said. ``I'm starting to think about buying again.'' He said he'd be ``investing in China for the rest of the century.''
About 200 people -- a full house -- paid as much as 50,000 yuan ($7,300) to hear Rogers speak at the two-hour event. The cheapest ticket was 3,800 yuan. Some approached him for his autograph and photos after the speech.
`Learn About Commodities'
Investors should also ``learn about commodities,'' Rogers said. Oil prices, which reached a record in New York trading yesterday, will go higher, he said.
Crude oil for August delivery rose 57 cents, or 0.4 percent, to a record close of $140.21 a barrel yesterday on the New York Mercantile Exchange, extending its gain this year to 46 percent.
The price of oil will keep rising, ``unless someone finds a major oil field very quickly, in accessible areas,'' Rogers told Chinese investors. ``The oil trend is still high even though the U.S. is trying to curb oil speculation,'' said Sullivan.
Rogers told investors to ``stay away from'' the dollar. The U.S. currency is within 2 percent of a record low against the euro reached in April as the Federal Reserve has cut interest rates to stave off an economic recession.
U.S. stocks ``are going to go down,'' Rogers said. The Dow Jones Industrial Average fell 0.9 percent yesterday, extending the decline for the 30-stock measure to 10 percent this month, the worst June since 1930.
The U.S. may be in its ``worst recession since World War II,'' Rogers said, adding that the subprime mortgage crisis in the world's biggest economy ``has many years to go.''
'Toxic' issues drag down small caps
Convertible bonds depress shares when funds unload for quick profit
A controversial debt instrument blamed overseas for sending small caps' share prices into a 'death spiral' is now raising a stink in the local stock market.
These 'instruments of mass destruction', as one banker calls them, are a type of low- or zero-coupon convertible bond that can be converted into shares at a discount - usually 10 per cent - to the average share price in a look-back period, rather than only at a premium, as is normal.
In the past 12 months, at least 20 small cap companies here have issued 'death-spiral' convertibles - so named by detractors because shares converted at a discount are quickly sold for a near certain profit, often depressing the share price as a result. The issuance is typically divided into several tranches.
As each trance gets converted, the price spirals downwards, both diluting and eroding the value of existing shareholders' holdings.
A fund offering to subscribe to such issues gets two discounts - first, because they can look back in a period (usually 25 or 30 days) and select the lowest prices; and second, because they can convert notes into shares at 90 per cent of that price.
And since the conversion price is floating - it falls with the share price - the number of new shares issued to the subscribing fund balloons as the share price shrinks every time it converts a fixed-value note.
Such 'toxic' issues were first seen here about five or six years ago, according to sources. But recently, and especially since last year, activity has accelerated considerably.
By far the most active in the convertible note market is Pacific Capital Investment Management (PCIM), a UK-based fund that has been assiduously courting tiny, cash-hungry listed companies and which has ramped up its lending in the past 10 months or so. So far it has signed agreements to pump in up to $500 million to about 15 companies.
Others in the market are local-based Value Capital Asset Management, the Cayman Islands-registered Advance Opportunities Fund and Delaware-registered DB Zwirn Asia Pacific Special Opportunities Fund.
Companies often have little choice. Many don't have easy access to capital markets and find it hard to do share placements or rights issues. Banks are often unwilling to lend to them, or do so only at punitively high interest rates.
And the sums on offer can be hard to turn down. Companies with market caps of less than $200 million were inking deals for between $6 and $60 million. Jade Technologies, then diversifying into the energy business, was mulling an issue worth up to $150 million.
But bosses say disillusionment was quick to come. 'What we didn't expect is that they take the (converted) shares, then they quickly dump it in the market,' says one company chairman, pointing out that the agreement allows the fund to convert shares at its own discretion.
As the principal amount is typically split into between eight and 40 tranches, the convert-and-sell cycle could play out repeatedly - a heavy recurring overhang on the stock. 'So every week you will have this selling pressure on your share price,' the chairman says.
According to an industry source, each cycle could net the fund 2 to 5 per cent profit, and with relatively modest initial outlay - returns from one cycle could be used to subscribe for a subsequent tranche.
Many companies say they have seen their shares crash to single digit level - especially as in many cases, they were not assured of a minimum conversion price.
Alantac, over 50 cents last July, is now at 13 cents. HLH Group, worth 10 cents a share a year ago, is now at three cents. Lexicon's share price has fallen 80 per cent and Vibropower has lost half its value since subscription agreements were announced.
But company and industry sources say it's difficult to quantify the damage done by toxic issues.
An investment banking source says that in a good market such deals could actually work to the company's benefit, as strong investor demand may be able to absorb the constant dilution.
The trouble, he points out, is that equity markets in the past six months have been lacklustre. 'When the normal volume is a few hundred lots and the fund is selling five or 10 million shares all the time, then the share price will collapse,' he says.
Part of the damage may have been caused by investors seeing the issue of such notes as a sign of distress, as well as generally soured investor sentiment in recent months.
But tellingly, a number of companies have either terminated deals or declined to take up optional tranches. EMS Energy and Equation Corp cancelled deals before they began, but HLH Group issued 607.3 million shares to PCIM before backing out in March and paying 'all associated fees and costs'.
This year, Anwell, Centillion Environment & Recycling and E3 Holdings have all agreed to reduce the number of tranches issued.
Company chiefs ruefully admit they had been naive in expecting that the subscribing fund would hold on to converted shares for longer term gain. One chief executive officer says he was not very clear about convertible bonds and how they could be structured.
'We didn't know their method,' says another, adding, 'I thought it was just like a share placement deal.'
Toxic convertibles originated in the US in the 1990s and were widely used by dotcoms to finance expansion. In Hong Kong, they first made an appearance in the early 2000s. David Webb, a Hong Kong-based activist, told BT the flow of issues there was 'pretty much killed' by his 2005 article highlighting a number of deals done by Credit Suisse First Boston.
A controversial debt instrument blamed overseas for sending small caps' share prices into a 'death spiral' is now raising a stink in the local stock market.
These 'instruments of mass destruction', as one banker calls them, are a type of low- or zero-coupon convertible bond that can be converted into shares at a discount - usually 10 per cent - to the average share price in a look-back period, rather than only at a premium, as is normal.
In the past 12 months, at least 20 small cap companies here have issued 'death-spiral' convertibles - so named by detractors because shares converted at a discount are quickly sold for a near certain profit, often depressing the share price as a result. The issuance is typically divided into several tranches.
As each trance gets converted, the price spirals downwards, both diluting and eroding the value of existing shareholders' holdings.
A fund offering to subscribe to such issues gets two discounts - first, because they can look back in a period (usually 25 or 30 days) and select the lowest prices; and second, because they can convert notes into shares at 90 per cent of that price.
And since the conversion price is floating - it falls with the share price - the number of new shares issued to the subscribing fund balloons as the share price shrinks every time it converts a fixed-value note.
Such 'toxic' issues were first seen here about five or six years ago, according to sources. But recently, and especially since last year, activity has accelerated considerably.
By far the most active in the convertible note market is Pacific Capital Investment Management (PCIM), a UK-based fund that has been assiduously courting tiny, cash-hungry listed companies and which has ramped up its lending in the past 10 months or so. So far it has signed agreements to pump in up to $500 million to about 15 companies.
Others in the market are local-based Value Capital Asset Management, the Cayman Islands-registered Advance Opportunities Fund and Delaware-registered DB Zwirn Asia Pacific Special Opportunities Fund.
Companies often have little choice. Many don't have easy access to capital markets and find it hard to do share placements or rights issues. Banks are often unwilling to lend to them, or do so only at punitively high interest rates.
And the sums on offer can be hard to turn down. Companies with market caps of less than $200 million were inking deals for between $6 and $60 million. Jade Technologies, then diversifying into the energy business, was mulling an issue worth up to $150 million.
But bosses say disillusionment was quick to come. 'What we didn't expect is that they take the (converted) shares, then they quickly dump it in the market,' says one company chairman, pointing out that the agreement allows the fund to convert shares at its own discretion.
As the principal amount is typically split into between eight and 40 tranches, the convert-and-sell cycle could play out repeatedly - a heavy recurring overhang on the stock. 'So every week you will have this selling pressure on your share price,' the chairman says.
According to an industry source, each cycle could net the fund 2 to 5 per cent profit, and with relatively modest initial outlay - returns from one cycle could be used to subscribe for a subsequent tranche.
Many companies say they have seen their shares crash to single digit level - especially as in many cases, they were not assured of a minimum conversion price.
Alantac, over 50 cents last July, is now at 13 cents. HLH Group, worth 10 cents a share a year ago, is now at three cents. Lexicon's share price has fallen 80 per cent and Vibropower has lost half its value since subscription agreements were announced.
But company and industry sources say it's difficult to quantify the damage done by toxic issues.
An investment banking source says that in a good market such deals could actually work to the company's benefit, as strong investor demand may be able to absorb the constant dilution.
The trouble, he points out, is that equity markets in the past six months have been lacklustre. 'When the normal volume is a few hundred lots and the fund is selling five or 10 million shares all the time, then the share price will collapse,' he says.
Part of the damage may have been caused by investors seeing the issue of such notes as a sign of distress, as well as generally soured investor sentiment in recent months.
But tellingly, a number of companies have either terminated deals or declined to take up optional tranches. EMS Energy and Equation Corp cancelled deals before they began, but HLH Group issued 607.3 million shares to PCIM before backing out in March and paying 'all associated fees and costs'.
This year, Anwell, Centillion Environment & Recycling and E3 Holdings have all agreed to reduce the number of tranches issued.
Company chiefs ruefully admit they had been naive in expecting that the subscribing fund would hold on to converted shares for longer term gain. One chief executive officer says he was not very clear about convertible bonds and how they could be structured.
'We didn't know their method,' says another, adding, 'I thought it was just like a share placement deal.'
Toxic convertibles originated in the US in the 1990s and were widely used by dotcoms to finance expansion. In Hong Kong, they first made an appearance in the early 2000s. David Webb, a Hong Kong-based activist, told BT the flow of issues there was 'pretty much killed' by his 2005 article highlighting a number of deals done by Credit Suisse First Boston.
Saturday, June 28, 2008
尚达曼:亚洲应紧缩货币政策
财政部长尚达曼表示,亚洲经济有必要紧缩货币政策,来对抗通货膨胀,不过,手法必须是不断调整和循序渐进的。
尚达曼在银行公会的常年晚宴上表示,本区域现在所面对的最大挑战,就是如何在燃油和食品价格飙涨下,防范第二轮的通货膨胀。过去一年来,美国次优房贷、油价和食品价格节节上升,造成亚洲经济频频面对负面冲击。尚达曼相信,快速增长的亚洲经济不能仿效美国的利率政策,来对抗通膨。
财政部长尚达曼说,“大部分亚洲经济都避免大幅度调高利率,或者让汇率大幅度升值,是有原因的,因为(亚洲经济体)的衍生市场都不流通,企业和银行无法对风险进行护盘,同时欠缺可以进行风险管理的现代系统。”
部长还表示,利用津贴来应付油价上涨的做法,是行不通的,而我国将继续推行让新元缓步上涨的方式,来应付通膨压力;自2004年4月份以来,新币兑美元已经升值大约23%。
尚达曼在银行公会的常年晚宴上表示,本区域现在所面对的最大挑战,就是如何在燃油和食品价格飙涨下,防范第二轮的通货膨胀。过去一年来,美国次优房贷、油价和食品价格节节上升,造成亚洲经济频频面对负面冲击。尚达曼相信,快速增长的亚洲经济不能仿效美国的利率政策,来对抗通膨。
财政部长尚达曼说,“大部分亚洲经济都避免大幅度调高利率,或者让汇率大幅度升值,是有原因的,因为(亚洲经济体)的衍生市场都不流通,企业和银行无法对风险进行护盘,同时欠缺可以进行风险管理的现代系统。”
部长还表示,利用津贴来应付油价上涨的做法,是行不通的,而我国将继续推行让新元缓步上涨的方式,来应付通膨压力;自2004年4月份以来,新币兑美元已经升值大约23%。
Rent, Don't Buy, Your Home
Real-estate agents have been pushing the virtues of homeownership since homes were invented. Or since real-estate agents were invented, anyway. Paying a mortgage, they insist, is a can't-miss investment (the tax breaks, the appreciation, the thrill of fixing your own roof!). Renting is for simpletons who don't like keeping their own money.
But does owning a home really trump renting? With the economy stumbling, house prices falling, and credit tightening, many housing experts are questioning the conventional wisdom. "Over the last decade, it may have been true," says W. Van Harlow, an economist at the Fidelity Research Institute. "Clearly, there are periods where [the housing market] will dominate. But give this market correction another 18 months, and it may not be true anymore."
Not so hot. The housing boom produced endless stories of homeowners getting twice what they paid for their homes. But "prices don't always go up," says Jay Butler, director of realty studies at Arizona State University. Even a boomtown like Phoenix has seen median rates of appreciation climb only 4.6 percent a year since 1981. According to a Fidelity study published this year, the return on a dollar invested in real estate in 1963 barely beat that of a low-risk treasury bill.
When the housing market slumps—as it has every 10 or 15 years for the past several decades—homeownership becomes little more than renting, from a bank. Without appreciation, buying a $400,000 house—instead of renting the same property for, say, $2,000 a month—can turn into an expensive, potentially money-losing proposition. Assuming home prices come out of their death spiral (prices fell 4.5 percent in the third quarter compared with last year), they would still have to appreciate at 4 percent every year for a decade—even if rents climbed well above the rate of inflation—before a family would save more owning than renting. An $80,000 down payment could be invested instead in a mutual fund earning 8 percent, and housing comes with myriad other expenses, from maintenance to insurance to taxes, none of which build equity. Tax breaks do ease the pain. But with the average family staying in a house only six years, homeownership during a slump (especially in foreclosure pits like Las Vegas and Tampa, where prices have dropped more than 9 percent since last year) can look less and less like the American dream.
Renting, meanwhile, has its virtues. It's cheaper in the short term, it offers maximum flexibility, and it pushes the headaches of maintenance and taxes onto landlords. It can also be a sound long-term investment. According to Fidelity, if renters save even $300 a month—the difference, say, between their rent and a monthly mortgage payment—that money, invested in stocks growing at only 4 percent, could add up to $114,000 in 20 years. (And that's on top of earnings on a down payment that never had to be made.) "Over long horizons, if you reinvest the savings," Harlow says, "you're probably not going to find that much difference between renting and buying." Saving hasn't proved to be the national forte, of course. But with the bloom off the homeownership rose, it may have to be soon.
But does owning a home really trump renting? With the economy stumbling, house prices falling, and credit tightening, many housing experts are questioning the conventional wisdom. "Over the last decade, it may have been true," says W. Van Harlow, an economist at the Fidelity Research Institute. "Clearly, there are periods where [the housing market] will dominate. But give this market correction another 18 months, and it may not be true anymore."
Not so hot. The housing boom produced endless stories of homeowners getting twice what they paid for their homes. But "prices don't always go up," says Jay Butler, director of realty studies at Arizona State University. Even a boomtown like Phoenix has seen median rates of appreciation climb only 4.6 percent a year since 1981. According to a Fidelity study published this year, the return on a dollar invested in real estate in 1963 barely beat that of a low-risk treasury bill.
When the housing market slumps—as it has every 10 or 15 years for the past several decades—homeownership becomes little more than renting, from a bank. Without appreciation, buying a $400,000 house—instead of renting the same property for, say, $2,000 a month—can turn into an expensive, potentially money-losing proposition. Assuming home prices come out of their death spiral (prices fell 4.5 percent in the third quarter compared with last year), they would still have to appreciate at 4 percent every year for a decade—even if rents climbed well above the rate of inflation—before a family would save more owning than renting. An $80,000 down payment could be invested instead in a mutual fund earning 8 percent, and housing comes with myriad other expenses, from maintenance to insurance to taxes, none of which build equity. Tax breaks do ease the pain. But with the average family staying in a house only six years, homeownership during a slump (especially in foreclosure pits like Las Vegas and Tampa, where prices have dropped more than 9 percent since last year) can look less and less like the American dream.
Renting, meanwhile, has its virtues. It's cheaper in the short term, it offers maximum flexibility, and it pushes the headaches of maintenance and taxes onto landlords. It can also be a sound long-term investment. According to Fidelity, if renters save even $300 a month—the difference, say, between their rent and a monthly mortgage payment—that money, invested in stocks growing at only 4 percent, could add up to $114,000 in 20 years. (And that's on top of earnings on a down payment that never had to be made.) "Over long horizons, if you reinvest the savings," Harlow says, "you're probably not going to find that much difference between renting and buying." Saving hasn't proved to be the national forte, of course. But with the bloom off the homeownership rose, it may have to be soon.
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